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CIGI at ten
Copyright © 2011 The Centre for International Governance Innovation.
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ISBN: 978-0-9867077-2-8
The Centre for International Governance Innovation is an independent, non-partisan think tank on international
governance. Led by experienced practitioners and distinguished academics, CIGI supports research, forms
networks, advances policy debate and generates ideas for multilateral governance improvements. Conducting
an active agenda of research, events and publications, CIGI’s interdisciplinary work includes collaboration
with policy, business and academic communities around the world.
CIGI’s research programs focus on four themes: the global economy; the environment and energy; global
development; and global security.
CIGI was founded in 2001 by Jim Balsillie, co-CEO of RIM (Research In Motion) and collaborates with and
gratefully acknowledges support from a number of strategic partners, in particular the Government of Canada
and the Government of Ontario.
Le CIGI a été fondé en 2001 par Jim Balsillie, co-chef de la direction de RIM (Research In Motion). Il
collabore avec de nombreux partenaires stratégiques et exprime sa reconnaissance du soutien reçu de ceux-ci,
notamment de l’appui reçu du gouvernement du Canada et de celui du gouvernement de l’Ontario.
For more information, please visit www.cigionline.org.
This book was printed and bound in Canada.
.
CIGI at ten Table of ConTenTs 1
CIGI at tena celebration of the first decade of the Centre for International Governance Innovation, founded in 2001 in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
ContentsBeginnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Global Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Environment and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Global Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Global Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
The CIGI Campus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Milestones in International Governance. . . . . . . . . . .34
Public Service and Outreach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
The Road Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
2
Jim Balsillie, co-CEO of Research In Motion, is the founder of CIGI and chair of its Operating Board of Directors. His vision for the think tank on international governance has produced tangible results in the organization’s first 10 years.
beginnings CIGI at ten
3
Paul Martin, then finance minister, was among Jim Balsillie’s advisers in 2001 on the creation of CIGI.
AS IT marks its tenth anniversary, The Centre for International Governance
Innovation (CIGI) is really just setting out on its journey. Given CIGI’s
stated vision to be “the world’s leading think tank on international governance
with recognized impact on significant global problems,” and realizing the
magnitude of the issues to be tackled — global economic crises, the dangers
of climate change, the immense disparities in world development and threats
to security including nuclear risks and armed conflict — the road toward
“recognized impact” appears to be long and challenging.
Helping to transform how the entire planet’s nation-states and people interact
among themselves is no small objective. A think tank’s only tools to generate
innovations in international governance are research, policy development
and building bridges from knowledge to power — through dialogue among
scholars, policy makers and the public worldwide. What influence on global
governance has CIGI been able to achieve after only a single decade on a road
whose milestones stretch through centuries?
CIGI’s tenth anniversary is an opportunity to take stock of the organization’s
history and accomplishments. Its story begins with the private conversations
in which such an enterprise was first imagined, continues to CIGI’s founding
in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada on July 30, 2001, and through several years of
rapid growth. This is the account of an ambitious vision, spurred by early and
remarkable success — in the eyes of external independent evaluators — for a
young think tank newly arrived on the global stage of multilateral cooperation
and problem solving.
This story is one of bold experimentation, with intrepid course corrections
as CIGI explored various strategies to guide its mission. In the first 10 years,
even as different approaches were undertaken, the fellows, researchers and
staff of CIGI generated a considerable first press of research and commentary
on multilateral subjects, while convening global experts to discuss the most
CIGI at ten beginnings
Early donors included RIM co-CEO Mike Lazaridis (left) and the Province of Ontario under Premier Dalton McGuinty (right).
John English, CIGI executive director from 2001 to 2009, and founder Jim Balsillie celebrate the federal funding announcement on July 23, 2002.
4
critical issues. CIGI established partnerships with universities, government
bodies and other think tanks, developing an international network of academics,
researchers and policy practitioners. And at the hub of all of this activity, the
impressive CIGI Campus began to rise, home to CIGI’s hopes for even greater
impact in the years ahead.
The story of CIGI begins in early 2001, when co-CEO of Research In
Motion Jim Balsillie engaged in conversations with friends and advisers about
his desire to build capacity in Canada to act on the international stage. His
goal was to lay the framework for an institution tasked with helping solve
the world’s most pressing challenges. Balsillie’s early advisers in this regard
included: John English, author, historian and former member of Parliament;
Paul Heinbecker, then Canada’s ambassador to the United Nations (UN);
David Johnston, then University of Waterloo president and now Canada’s
governor general; Paul Martin, then finance minister and later prime minister
of Canada; Bob Rosehart, then president of Wilfrid Laurier University; and
Harry Swain, former federal deputy minister of industry.
International governance — especially the lack of it — soon emerged as
the linchpin connecting all major global challenges. “If we can’t get along
with one another, if we can’t govern ourselves, if we can’t establish viable
communities in each part of the world, then prosperity just goes to nothing,”
Balsillie said. In collaboration with his circle of advisers, he began to develop
plans for a new centre of research and expertise that would help create greater
capacity in Canada to be effective at the international level.
On July 30, 2001, Industry Canada officially incorporated The New Economy
Institute. It quickly became apparent, as planning proceeded, that the think
tank required a name that would better reflect its governance focus and global
mission. On July 19, 2002, the name was changed with letters patent to The
Centre for International Governance Innovation. The initial funding came in
beginnings CIGI at ten
The John Holmes Library, a specialized collection on Canadian foreign policy dating back to 1928, occupies the second floor of CIGI’s main lobby in the converted barrel warehouse.
CIGI’s first staff (left) at their temporary office, the Waterloo–St. Jacobs railway station, a mere whistle stop on the think tank’s journey. Since 2003, CIGI has been located in a former warehouse of the Seagram whisky distillery (above).
5
Klaus and Anna Woerner donated the $1.6 million Woerner Centre to CIGI. The 60-acre property hosts conferences, retreats and workshops.
the form of a $30 million endowment, including $20 million from Balsillie
and $10 million from Mike Lazaridis, co-CEO of RIM. Matching federal
funds of $30 million were announced on July 23, 2002 (and formalized in a
2003 agreement), as a donation through the Department of Foreign Affairs and
International Trade.
Other funding support for CIGI in its early years included $17 million
from the Ontario government (matched by another $17 million from
Balsillie), an anonymous major donation for the Africa Initiative, a
$1.6 million property in North Dumfries, Ontario, from Klaus and Anna
Woerner and $2.9 million from Michael Barnstijn and Louise MacCallum.
At the time of the federal funding announcement, Balsillie said CIGI would
“provide coherence, focus and voice to the best minds in the world on the
global economy. Our exceptional research will influence the development of
new rules of the game with respect to the world’s economy.”
Balsillie said in a later interview: “The world is orders of magnitude more
integrated than 60 years ago, and the institutions that manage and support and
guide and protect the direction of the world haven’t evolved to keep pace.”
With its vision and purpose articulated, CIGI was set on its course. But even
though the papers of incorporation had been duly filed and funding put in
place, there would still be a great deal of recruiting, creativity and intellectual
energy required to begin filling what was essentially a blank canvas.
Before CIGI could launch research and policy development programs, it
needed to find a temporary office and build a team. CIGI’s first postal address
was a main-floor office in the University of Waterloo’s Hagey Hall, with only
founding Executive Director John English and his assistant Lena Yost on staff.
Next, CIGI moved into the Waterloo–St. Jacobs railway station in Waterloo. In
September 2003, CIGI moved into its permanent home, the former Seagram
Museum building, purchased from the City of Waterloo.
CIGI at ten beginnings
Louise MacCallum and Michael Barnstijn were among the early supporters of CIGI, donating $2.9 million in 2004.
6
From left, John English, senior researcher Hany Besada and Joseph Kahiigwa, Ugandan deputy high commissioner, attend the Africa Initiative launch in 2008.
Tamara Zur was among CIGI’s earliest research staff members and later became research partnership manager.
Many visitors to CIGI’s headquarters at 57 Erb Street West are awestruck
when they step into the main lobby, surrounded by a magnificent display of
whisky-aging barrels. Originally a rack warehouse for the Joseph E. Seagram
& Sons Distillery founded in 1857, the building later operated as a distillery
museum from 1984 to 1997, designed by architect Barton Myers, winner of
a Governor General’s Medal for Architecture in 1986. The space remains
steeped in history while housing a forward-looking research institution.
A think tank’s chief assets are, of course, its people. Among the first staff
in 2002, in addition to English and Yost, were: John Milloy, director of public
affairs at CIGI before he was elected to provincial Parliament in 2003, later
becoming minister of training, colleges and universities; and Andrew Cooper,
a University of Waterloo professor and CIGI’s longest-serving expert (a
distinguished fellow in 2011). Cooper produced CIGI’s first official publication,
a 2005 working paper on coalitions of the willing. Paul Heinbecker joined
CIGI as a senior fellow in January 2004, and later became a distinguished
fellow. By mid-decade, CIGI had as many as 50 staff and 30 fellows.
The inaugural meeting of the International Board of Governors (IBG),
CIGI’s advisory board, was held at CIGI in October 2003. Early IBG members
included, among many others: Jagdish Bhagwati, special adviser to the UN on
globalization; Joe Clark, former prime minister of Canada; Bill Graham, former
minister of foreign affairs for Canada; Ahmed Galal, managing director of the
Economic Research Forum, Egypt; Angel Gurria, former secretary-general
of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD);
Anne-Marie Slaughter, then dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public
and International Affairs at Princeton University; and Maureen O’Neil, then
president of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The IBG
engaged CIGI’s leaders in an in-depth discussion on research areas where the
new think tank might have an impact.
beginnings CIGI at ten
University of Waterloo President David Johnston, later appointed governor general, sat on CIGI’s first International Board of Governors.
7
CIGI’s first official publication, a 2005 working paper (left) on coalitions of the willing, was written by the think tank’s first researcher, University of Waterloo professor and international relations expert Andrew Cooper (seated, with research project manager Kelly Jackson).
Paul Heinbecker, former Canadian ambassador to the UN who became a distinguished fellow in 2004, gives an interview to CTV at CIGI ’06: Building Ideas for Global Change.
CIGI’s early efforts led to the creation of other organizations. In 2005, CIGI
and its partners launched International Governance Leaders and Organizations
Online (IGLOO), an online research portal. Incorporated separately, IGLOO
moved out of CIGI to a Kitchener, Ontario, office in 2008. CIGI also played
a central role in the 2005–07 transformation of the Canadian Institute of
International Affairs into the Canadian International Council (CIC). With more
than 1,300 members in 16 chapters in 2011, the CIC is a nationwide council
established to strengthen Canada’s role in international affairs. And in 2007,
CIGI partnered with the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University
to launch the Balsillie School of International Affairs (for more on the school,
see The CIGI Campus, page 29).
By the mid-2000s, CIGI’s research programs had begun to expand rapidly.
The pace of publishing outputs and events activity increased dramatically
in 2005, and has continued at a steady rate. Looking back, CIGI’s current
Executive Director, Thomas Bernes, recalls his first contact with CIGI was
through attending workshops that were part of the Breaking Global Deadlocks
project in 2006-07.
“CIGI was, and remains, the first major Canadian effort to promote research
and dialogue on global governance challenges that are central to Canada’s
future prosperity,” says Bernes. “For me, this was exciting, as the think tank
world has traditionally been dominated by US institutions that tend to view
issues from their perspective. CIGI has the possibility to encourage a greater
focus in Canada on these issues and bring a broader perspective to the global
dialogue.”
Some of CIGI’s first major projects had considerable impact; most notably,
CIGI’s proposals for innovation in the G8 system helped lead to the creation
of the G20 at the leaders’ level. Even while CIGI was a relatively young
organization, its programs were establishing an international reputation.
CIGI at ten beginnings
Building Ideas for Global Change
WORKING PAPERRe-Shaping Diplomacy
The Centre for International Governance Innovation
ANDREW F. COOPER
Working Paper No. 1
October 2005
An electronic version of this paper is available for download at:
www.cigionline.org
Stretching theModel of “Coalitions
of the Willing”
8 Programs CIGI at ten
While still a fledgling on the global scene, CIGI helped lay the groundwork for the formation of the G20 leaders’ group. Since their first meeting in Washington in 2008 (above), the leaders’ G20 quickly established itself as the premier forum for international economic cooperation.
9
Executive Director Thomas Bernes (centre, at a 2011 Asian economic outlook seminar in Ottawa) first attended CIGI events in 2006.
The BRICSAM advisory group met at the Woerner Centre in May 2005 to help chart the course for CIGI’s first major research project.
In its 2010–15 strategic plan, CIGI research is defined under four program areas, with collaboration on crosscutting issues.
DURING ITS first decade, CIGI has produced several hundred publications
that examined international policy and governance systems. This has
been accomplished under a variety of program streams — and clearly defining
these program themes has been one of CIGI’s ongoing challenges.
CIGI’s early research was focused on just two thematic areas — international
relations and the international economy. A subsequent research model was
added mid-decade to create dedicated program streams to operate within large-
scale projects drawing on researchers from across the organization, such as
the 2005–09 BRICSAM (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, ASEAN
states and Mexico) project, which explored the shifting global order and
emerging economies.
In 2008, CIGI’s research coalesced around six themes: International Law,
Institutions and Diplomacy; Shifting Global Order; International Economic
Governance; Environment and Resources; Global and Human Security; and
Health and Social Governance. However, a federal evaluation of CIGI later
that year recommended a sharper focus. Thus, the research programs were
streamlined into four pillars in the CIGI Strategic Plan 2010–15: Global
Economy, Environment and Energy, Global Development and Global Security.
Regardless of the research model, CIGI’s programs will, ultimately, be
judged for their impact. By that measure, CIGI can justifiably lay claim to
tangible success. For example, experts and policy makers agree that CIGI’s
proposals for innovation in the G8 system helped lead to the creation of the G20
leaders’ group, while the Nuclear Energy Futures project offered substantial
recommendations for safe management of the global nuclear industry.
As CIGI enters its second decade, it continues to produce 75 to 100
publications annually, and deploys 20 to 30 experts across its research
programs, with plans underway to launch significant new research projects in
the months and years ahead.
CIGI at ten Programs — overview
CIGI Strategic Plan 2010-‐15
December 10, 2010
Confidential Internal Document
Final
The Centre for International Governance Innovation 57 Erb Street West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 6C2
www.cigionline.org
10
Senior Fellow Daniel Schwanen has held senior executive positions at CIGI and lent his expertise as an economist.
Former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin (right, with South Africa’s representative to the UN Dumisani Kumalo at CIGI’s spring 2011 conference) was a driving force in CIGI’s G20 project.
ONE OF the more disturbing aspects of the 2008-09 financial crisis, besides
its scope and lingering damage, was a widespread failure to recognize
the warning signs. This systemic inability to foresee the US housing bubble’s
collapse, and avert the resulting global financial turmoil, illustrated a profound
gap in our collective understanding and regulation of macroeconomics.
Addressing the glaring need for greater stability in the global economy is
a key policy development theme at CIGI. The global financial crisis provided
the necessary impetus to create the leaders’ level G20 (L20) summits, a
development for which CIGI experts had advocated extensively. But even in
the earliest days of CIGI, global interdependencies were a subject of clear
focus.
From the outset, CIGI worked to develop an in-depth understanding of the
impact of emerging Asian economies on the global economy, including the
implications for Canada and Ontario. Studies on the rise of China and India,
and analyses of emerging powers in economic and diplomatic spheres, were
conducted by a number of CIGI fellows, including John Whalley, Manmohan
Agarwal, Andrew Cooper and Jorge Heine. CIGI projects also explored
improvements to the multilateral trade system. In 2009, CIGI, with Wilfrid
Laurier University Press and the IDRC, published Redesigning the World
Trade Organization for the Twenty-first Century, edited by Senior Fellow
Debra Steger. The book laid out the need for institutional reform of the World
Trade Organization (WTO) and provided innovative, practical proposals.
In some cases, CIGI put the spotlight on a particular region. In 2007, led
by then Director of Research Daniel Schwanen, CIGI launched the Caribbean
Economic Governance project. Researchers and leaders in the private and
public sectors met to explore policy prescriptions for trade, investment, human
capital and the fiscal outlook in the Caribbean region.
But in hindsight, the most influential of CIGI’s work in the economic realm
Programs — global eConomy CIGI at ten
Distinguished Fellow John Curtis (left) with CIGI Chair in International Political Economy Eric Helleiner fielding questions at a 2008 CIGI event.
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The Issues for 2010 Summits conference, held in the CIGI Atrium, convened leading researchers, practitioners and policy makers ahead of the G8 and G20 summits in Ontario.
Senior Researcher Agata Antkiewicz, who joined CIGI in 2004 and helped develop the organization’s expertise on emerging economies, attending CIGI ’06. The fall conference focused on the gap between emerging economies and fragile states.
was its role in laying the groundwork for the creation of the G20 at the national
leaders’ level. CIGI analyzed the rationale for a more inclusive arrangement
than the G8, which lacked voices from emerging economies such as China,
India and Brazil.
As early as 2003, CIGI had begun to conduct research into a concept put
forward by then Prime Minister of Canada Paul Martin. Based on his experience
as finance minister, Martin proposed that the G20 countries, which met only
at the finance ministers’ level at that time, could become a positive force in
addressing global problems if the gatherings were elevated to the leaders’
level. In response to this challenge, CIGI, in cooperation with several partners,
began a comprehensive project to examine the feasibility of creating an L20.
The premise was that only heads of government could effectively force the
necessary leap to action.
The initial phase of the L20 project investigated the hypothesis that many
global challenges required action by G8 leaders together with countries
that were not members of that “club.” In a fusion of academic knowledge
and practical experience, groups of experts met to discuss a wide range of
topics, such as agricultural subsidies, climate policy, infectious diseases,
water, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, financial crises, pandemics,
fragile states, UN reform, energy security, official development assistance,
international institutional reform and global governance. This first phase ended
in May 2006, reaching the conclusion that an expanded version of the G8 was
essential to break key deadlocks.
The subsequent “Breaking Global Deadlocks” (BGD) phase (September
2006 to May 2007) applied the L20 hypothesis to climate change and energy
security in particular. The BGD phase produced an illustrative consensus
package, aggregating proposals that could be used at an enlarged summit
table. This “grand bargain” included a list of actions, such as the mobilization
CIGI at ten Programs — global eConomy
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French President Nicolas Sarkozy was one of several world leaders who supported the formation of a G20 leaders’ group, mirroring the finance ministers’ forum.
In September 2008, financial markets plunged around the world, causing a global recession and increases in unemployment — but also giving impetus to the formation of the leaders’ G20 group, a development for which CIGI researchers had long advocated.
of a broad range of international organizations to contribute in their area of
competence.
The “Widening/Deepening” phase (September to November 2007) tested
the BGD results with think tank representatives and other groups working
on climate change, senior political personalities attending the Clinton Global
Initiative, and media opinion leaders from the G8+5 (the five being Brazil,
China, India, Mexico and South Africa). Emerging from this discussion were
the terms of a more refined climate change and energy “deal.”
After several years of working on these three phases, the project leaders
came to the conclusion that a major event or global crisis would be necessary
to push leaders to meet in a G20 forum; the simple need for collective action
was not impetus enough. In the fall of 2008, such a precipitating crisis arose,
as the global financial system staggered under the cumulative weight of a
series of disasters that began in the US housing market and quickly spread
worldwide. In the waning days of his second administration, US President
George W. Bush, at the urging of several world leaders, convened the first
meeting of the G20 countries at the level of government leaders. Suddenly, the
theoretical discussions were transformed, and the project partners were in a
position to offer operational advice to senior officials and politicians.
In 2008, CIGI began the next phase of the project, which focused on utilizing
the network of experts established during the earlier phases to influence
decision making at the global level. This was done through off-the-record
briefings of officials hosting G8 and G20 summits. Additionally, CIGI’s G20
Working Group engaged in an active program of research, policy analysis,
conferences and workshops on G20 issues — a process that continues in 2011.
Since its first meeting in Washington, DC, the G20 quickly established itself
as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, representing
85 percent of global GDP, 80 percent of world trade and two-thirds of the world’s
Programs — global eConomy CIGI at ten
13
Vice President of Public Affairs Fred Kuntz (left) and Partnerships Manager Andrew Schrumm confer in the media centre at the Toronto summit.
Gordon Brown, as British prime minister, consulted CIGI experts ahead of the London G20 Summit in April 2009.
CIGI commissioned Dusan Petricic to draw this editorial cartoon for a full-page ad in The Globe and Mail amid the Toronto G20 Summit.
population. The institutional outcomes of the G20 have included upgrading the
Financial Stability Forum into a more inclusive and robust Financial Stability
Board (an organization analyzed in-depth by CIGI Chair Eric Helleiner) and
conclusion of the Basel III agreement on banking supervision in less than
a year — a remarkable feat considering that it took more than five years to
conclude Basel II.
Meanwhile, the value of CIGI’s G20 network has been recognized in a
practical way by G8 and G20 summit hosts, who invited CIGI to organize
briefings for officials preparing for the summits. This first occurred in February
2008, when Japan invited CIGI to assemble a group of experts to advise them
on climate change policy — the focus of the Hokkaido G8 Summit. Following
this network event in Tokyo, Ambassador Nishimura, Japan’s chief climate
change negotiator, wrote to the organizers: “Once again, I just wanted you to
know how much I feel indebted. Find an occasion for me to pay this debt.”
CIGI was subsequently invited by Italy in 2009 and Canada in 2010 to brief
the G8 officials on summit substance and process.
One of the more significant measures of CIGI’s growing influence was the
briefing with then UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown and his G20 summit
officials. In February 2009, CIGI, in collaboration with The Brookings
Institution, convened a group of eminent thinkers on global financial issues
to brief UK officials preparing for the London G20 Summit two months later.
The meeting was organized at the request of the UK government to discuss
global financial markets, the world economy and a coordinated response to the
global financial crisis.
Korea and France also invited CIGI to convene confidential consultations for
the officials organizing the G20 summits in those countries in 2010 and 2011.
Looking forward, CIGI expects to work with Mexico as it prepares to host the
G20 summit in 2012.
CIGI at ten Programs — global eConomy
14
Paul Jenkins (right, with India’s Shyam Saran at a CIGI conference) is a former senior deputy governor of the Bank of Canada who joined CIGI in 2010.
The 2011 report Preventing Crises and Promoting Economic Growth was co-written by Paola Subacchi (right), a research director at London’s Chatham House, and CIGI Distinguished Fellow Paul Jenkins. It made recommendations to the G20 for better policy coordination.
Chatham House, 10 St James’s Square, London SW1Y 4LET: +44 (0)20 7957 5700 E: contact@chathamhouse.org.ukF: +44 (0)20 7957 5710 www.chathamhouse.org.uk
Charity Registration Number: 208223
CIGI, 57 Erb St. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 6C2T: +1 519 885 2444 F: +1 519 885 5450 www.cigionline.org
Preventing C
rises and Prom
oting Econom
ic Grow
thP
aola Subacchi and P
aul Jenkins
Preventing Crises and Promoting Economic Growth
A Framework for International Policy Cooperation
A Joint Chatham House and CIGI Report
Paola Subacchi and Paul Jenkins
0325077818629
ISBN 9781862032507
CHH0605 Economy report covers FINAL.indd 1 06/04/2011 17:20
The global financial crisis caused CIGI researchers to intensify their work on
institutional reform at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In June 2009, in
partnership with the Canadian International Council, CIGI hosted a joint task
force on the Canadian perspective of the IMF’s future role in the international
financial system. Held in Ottawa, this workshop was the first phase of a larger
project that sought to analyze the future responsibilities of the IMF in the
global financial system.
CIGI fellows, including Daniel Schwanen and Alan Alexandroff, also
worked to monitor protectionist measures by G20 members in violation of
their collective commitments at the peak of the global financial crisis (this was
CIGI’s participation in a project called the Global Trade Alert, a joint initiative
with the Centre for Economic Policy Research, the IDRC and the World Bank).
More recently, CIGI research has focused on fostering a deeper understanding
of global interdependencies and new economic growth models that take into
account growing resource and environmental constraints and vulnerabilities
that were exposed by the financial crisis. These issues were the subject of a
2011 CIGI-Chatham House special report, Preventing Crises and Promoting
Economic Growth, authored by CIGI Distinguished Fellow Paul Jenkins, a
former senior deputy governor at the Bank of Canada, and Paola Subacchi,
research director of international economics at Chatham House. Their
comprehensive report made eight recommendations for the G20: support
for the G20 Mutual Assessment Process; the publication of international
impact assessments for domestic policy; a tone of cooperation at the top; a
single statement of purpose for the G20; accountability for commitments
made; national road maps for delivery on international commitments; greater
transparency in the rotation of the G20 presidency; and regular summit reports
on G20 progress.
In its tenth anniversary year, CIGI formed an important partnership with
Programs — global eConomy CIGI at ten
15
INET Executive Director Robert Johnson (right) and Thomas Bernes addressed a student breakfast at the 2011 Bretton Woods conference.
INET founder George Soros (left) and CIGI founder Jim Balsillie announced the CIGI-INET partnership at the 2011 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET). This partnership was
announced at the January 2011 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland,
by CIGI founder Jim Balsillie and George Soros, who founded INET in 2009
in response to the global financial crisis. INET is a non-profit organization
providing fresh insight and thinking to promote changes in economic theory
and practice through conferences, grants and education initiatives. Under the
agreement, CIGI will provide $25 million over five years to support joint CIGI-
INET activities, in a partnership committed to broadening and accelerating the
development of innovative thinking that will lead to solutions for the great
economic challenges of the twenty-first century.
INET’s initiatives include: research grants designed to harness the new
economic thinking crucial to effecting change; a campus outreach program
that sees Nobel Laureates and world-renowned scholars visiting graduate
economics students to promote education, discourse and the sharing of new
ideas; and an events program aimed at fostering open discussion, transparency
and the amplification of fresh ideas. Under the CIGI-INET partnership, these
activities — including the grants and campus outreach — are extended to
Canadian researchers and campuses.
In April 2011, CIGI sponsored 12 Canadian university students to attend
the INET conference, Crisis and Renewal: International Political Economy
at the Crossroads, held in Bretton Woods, NH. The conference was held at
the historic Mount Washington Hotel — site of the 1944 Bretton Woods
conference — and featured 200 of the world’s leading economic thinkers and
former policy makers.
In addition to attending the conference sessions, the Canadian students joined
their American counterparts at a joint CIGI-INET student breakfast session,
featuring CIGI Executive Director Thomas Bernes, his INET counterpart
Robert Johnson and Nobel Laureate and INET board member Joseph Stiglitz.
CIGI at ten Programs — global eConomy
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Senior Visiting Fellow Paul Blustein led a session at Bretton Woods on the financial architecture of Asia.
The INET 2011 conference was held at the Mount Washington Hotel, site of the 1944 Bretton Woods conference (see page 34).
Senior Visiting Fellow Simon Zadek (left) and Acting Director of the Environment and Energy program David Runnalls talk at Bretton Woods.
Students raised questions about policy development, the continued gender
imbalance in economics and the shortcomings in economics curricula.
CIGI experts were featured at the conference: Distinguished Fellow Paul
Jenkins was the moderator for a session entitled “Getting Back on Track:
Macroeconomic Management After a Financial Crisis”; CIGI Chair in Global
Systems Thomas Homer-Dixon was a panellist in the session titled “Exploring
Complexity in Economic Theory”; Executive Director Thomas Bernes
moderated a session on sustainable economics, with Jim Balsillie providing
introductory remarks; and Senior Visiting Fellow Paul Blustein moderated a
session entitled “The Architecture of Asia: Financial Structure and an Emerging
Economic System.”
CIGI and INET are planning a joint conference, Sovereign Debtors
in Distress: Are Our Institutions Up to the Challenge?, which will be held
in Canada.
As countries grow ever more interdependent through the flow of goods,
services, capital and information, a stable global economy is vital to the
welfare of our planet. In the years ahead, CIGI’s Global Economy program
will continue to explore and recommend policy solutions to the problems that
undermine the stability of the world economy. While the 2008-09 financial
crisis provided the impetus that led to macroeconomic coordination among
G20 leaders, the restoration of economic growth saw the “lifeboat” mentality
that allowed for global cooperation begin to evaporate. Progress on reforming
international financial regulation continues at a slow pace, and the sovereign
debt crises in European nations and political infighting over debt and deficit
in the United States worry markets, central bankers, investors and consumers
alike. CIGI’s research programs will ask whether our institutions are up to these
challenges, proposing road maps to better economic systems of governance to
ensure greater prosperity for all.
Programs — global eConomy CIGI at ten
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As an Arctic nation, Canada has a special stake in CIGI’s Environment and Energy program, which includes work on climate change.
Carbon emissions, a by-product of economic growth, tie CIGI’s research on the global economy to its study of sustainability issues.
Climate change is a major crosscutting theme for the Africa Initiative, and was the basis for its first special report.
Edited by Nelson K. Sewankambo and Hany Besada
CIGI Special ReportClimate Change in Africa
Adaptation, Mitigation and Governance Challenges
PLANET EARTH faces severe and growing stresses as a result of human
population growth, development and consumption. Climate change, the
depletion of fossil fuels and surging food costs pose major challenges for
international governance. Solutions seem to evade the grasp of national leaders
preoccupied with many other concerns, such as economic growth, market
instability, debt crises, armed conflicts and terrorism, citizen uprisings, natural
disasters or the longevity of their own power. At the highest political levels,
inaction and deadlock have made the world’s governance systems appear
increasingly inadequate to address urgent environmental realties.
In this vital area of research, CIGI’s strength in advancing environment and
energy policy solutions starts with understanding the connectedness of related
systems in achieving sustainability. During the 2008-09 global financial crisis,
as other think tanks concentrated on that issue, CIGI was among the global
research institutions that continued to focus on sustainability. It remained the
major crosscutting theme of the Africa Initiative, which in 2009 issued a special
report on climate change on the African continent. Since 2010, the relaunched
Environment and Energy program at CIGI has begun probing climate change,
geoengineering, sustainable economics, alternative energy, agriculture and
food security — all from a governance perspective.
CIGI’s early work on the environment studied the importance of energy
security for the United States. In a 2006 CIGI paper, Research Fellow Annette
Hester outlined how a new US focus on energy alternatives would affect
ethanol and agricultural markets. In 2008, Distinguished Fellow John Whalley,
working with Ben Lockwood of the University of Warwick in the United
Kingdom, studied commitments to reduce carbon emissions in the European
Union, the United States and other OECD economies. Their findings offered
policy options for a multilateral, negotiated package of commitments for a
post-Kyoto 2012 accord.
CIGI at ten Programs — environmenT and energy
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In 2010, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon launched the High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability and named CIGI’s founder as a member.
Distinguished Fellow Gordon Smith at a G20 conference where that group’s role on the environment was debated.
CIGI’s Daniel Schwanen and Elizabeth Dowdeswell, former administrator of the UN Environment Program, at CIGI ’10: Climate of Action in Waterloo.
In 2009, CIGI, in cooperation with the US Council on Foreign Relations, the
Brazilian Center for International Relations and the Institute of International
Relations at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad, co-hosted three
workshops on policy opportunities arising from the global financial crisis
for creating sustainable energy partnerships in the Americas. The same year,
CIGI’s Environment and Resources Working Group produced a special report,
Environmental Sustainability and the Financial Crisis. It urged policy makers
not to lose sight of the environment amid fiscal stimulus efforts, as long-term
economic prosperity requires a healthy ecosystem.
More recently, the work plan for CIGI’s Environment and Energy program
has been informed, in part, by CIGI founder Jim Balsillie’s participation in the
UN High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability. UN Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon launched the panel in 2010, bringing together world-leading policy
makers and thinkers to formulate a new blueprint for sustainable growth. The
panel was tasked with exploring different approaches to effectively tackle
hunger, inequality and the deterioration of the natural environment, with a
report due in early 2012. Among the panellists, Balsillie is the only Canadian
and the only member from the private sector.
The Secretary-General instructed the 22-person panel to “think big, to be
bold and also practical.” The panel is led by two co-chairs, Finnish President
Tarja Halonen and South African President Jacob Zuma. Members include
high-ranking government officials and representatives from civil society from
both developed and developing countries.
Ban Ki-moon added: “The time for narrow agendas, narrow interests and
narrow thinking is over. The challenges of the twenty-first century require
nothing less.”
Supporting Balsillie on the UN panel is David Runnalls, who joined CIGI
as a distinguished fellow in 2010 and is the acting director of the Environment
Programs — environmenT and energy CIGI at ten
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Senior Fellow Jason Blackstock, who has explored the governance issues of geoengineering, was on the program committee to organize CIGI ’10. The conference focus included how to restructure global negotiations and build better links between climate science and policy.
On the need for global action on climate change, Ban Ki-moon said: “The time for narrow agendas, narrow interests and narrow thinking is over.”
and Energy program. In the 1970s, Runnalls served as a consultant for
renowned British economist and author Barbara Ward, for her award-winning
book, Only One Earth, which helped inform the first global conference on the
environment held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972. The following year, he and
Ward co-founded the International Institute for Environment and Development.
Runnalls is also a former president of the International Institute for Sustainable
Development, where he remains a distinguished fellow.
Addressing climate change requires collective action, coordinated at the
global level. The path to action, however, remains unclear. Following the
2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, faith in multilateral
negotiations began to wane. In this context, CIGI devoted its annual fall
conference in 2010 to exploring how all levels of government and society could
be mobilized to generate near-term progress. Led in part by Senior Fellow
Jason Blackstock, CIGI ’10: Climate of Action was a forum for discussing the
roadblocks and how to break them.
CIGI ’10 conference round tables were built around related themes:
understanding the obstacles in the way of top-down global negotiations;
examining the bottom-up initiatives from lower levels of government or
regional initiatives; exploring how to restructure global negotiations; and
building better links between climate science and policy. Delegates included
climate change experts, scientists and policy makers from around the world.
Keynote addresses were presented by Jim Prentice, then Canada’s minister of
the environment, and former UK Science Adviser Sir David King.
Going forward, CIGI’s Environment and Energy projects will focus on how
to form influential knowledge-to-action frameworks, providing analytically
grounded, timely and practical advice to decision makers. CIGI researchers
believe the resulting dynamic networks will help build the international
governance capacity needed to create a sustainable global future.
CIGI at ten Programs — environmenT and energy
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Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute, speaks at the CIGI ’05 conference, which examined global health and migration issues.
Recurring African famines (as in Sudan, above) are among the human and natural disasters requiring coordinated international action.
IMAGES AND stories of an eastern African nation crippled by drought and
starvation dominate the headlines and front pages of newspapers. With up
to 10 million people requiring food aid, a UN official declares it the “worst
humanitarian disaster” on earth. These reports might cause some to think of
Ethiopia and Sudan in the 1970s, Ethiopia again in the mid-1980s, and Sudan
again in the 1990s. Sadly, this was the grave scenario playing out in Somalia
in mid-2011. Repeated cycles of famine in Africa serve as a stark reminder of
the vital and continued need for coordinated policy innovation in development,
all around the world.
CIGI’s Global Development program emphasizes the importance of systemic
coherence for overcoming international challenges to sustainable growth. The
program’s goal is to identify international governance innovations that support
poverty reduction and facilitate the transition to more effective, efficient and
equitable delivery of public goods.
Exploring, identifying and projecting the shifting global dynamic has been
key to CIGI’s work in development research and analysis. In 2005, CIGI
launched its largest research initiative to that point, the BRICSAM project.
The BRICSAM countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, the
ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam) and Mexico — fast-growing
developing economies. CIGI researchers studied the implications of this
economic restructuring for the world economy and international governance.
The BRICSAM project represented a step up in CIGI’s partnerships, with 17
participant organizations from nine countries contributing research. BRICSAM
was also a theme of CIGI’s first annual conference, CIGI ’05.
CIGI’s 2005–07 Global Health Governance project examined how the
worldwide health governance system was adapting and responding to new
threats, which were proving to be larger in scope and scale than in the past.
Programs — global develoPmenT CIGI at ten
Erica Dybenko is project manager for the Africa Initiative, a multi-year program supporting research and student exchanges.
21
In 2008, CIGI’s annual conference explored the global ramifications of China’s rapid rise in the context of developments in the changing world order.
Distinguished Fellow John Whalley and CIGI Chair in Global Environmental Governance Jennifer Clapp (far right, with Oxford researcher Jimin Zhao at the CIGI ’08 conference) served as mentors for the Young China Scholars Poverty Research Network in 2005.
Using a cross-disciplinary approach, work under this project addressed global
health issues ranging from climate-induced pandemics to the brain drain of
health practitioners and their migration across borders. CIGI researchers
produced analyses to strengthen institutions in both developed and developing
countries, to influence the agendas of international opinion leaders and
multilateral institutions related to health governance challenges.
In its early years, CIGI made a commitment to engage and inform young
researchers about the most pressing global issues. In the summer of 2005, in
cooperation with the IDRC and Beijing Normal University, CIGI launched
the Young China Scholars Poverty Research Network. The project saw senior
researchers act as mentors, offering advice and instruction to young scholars
on how best to conduct research and present their findings.
CIGI also engaged in a multi-year project led by Distinguished Fellow John
Whalley, based at the University of Western Ontario, to produce policy-relevant
research on China. It focused on five areas: China’s exchange rates, reserve
management and monetary policies; trade and investment; climate change; tax
policies; and China and other rapidly emerging economies.
In 2008, CIGI held its annual fall conference on the theme of China in the
shifting world order. While China had been an economic force since the 1970s,
its unprecedented growth and rising political power in the new millennium
were causing the rest of the world to take notice. CIGI ’08 explored China’s
impact as an emerging power on the world stage, examining how international
governance structures and different regions, including other developing
countries, were adjusting to this new global force.
As the poorest continent, Africa is considered most vulnerable to a climate
change catastrophe, due to its inability to cope with the physical and human
consequences of climate extremes.
In March 2008, a donor approached CIGI with a goal of creating research
CIGI at ten Programs — global develoPmenT
CIGI ’08China in the Shifting World Order
22
CIGI’s Brian Adeba works on the Africa Portal, an online knowledge resource for researchers and opinion leaders, launched in 2010.
Director Nelson Sewankambo (left) and Distinguished Fellow Jorge Heine at the Africa Initiative launch in 2008.
CIGI’s Ibi Brown (centre) with Makerere University faculty (from left) David Ddumba, Medard Rugyendo, Andrew Kayanja and Herbert Kasita.
capacity in Africa to bolster its resilience to climate change and to develop
sustainable practices. It was an ambitious plan that required an equally
ambitious research team to make it a reality.
In July 2008, CIGI, in partnership with Makerere University and the
Salama Shield Foundation, launched the Africa Initiative, a multi-year, donor-
supported program with three components: a research program; an exchange
program; and a grants program. These programs were focused on six core
thematic areas: conflict resolution; energy; food security; health; migration;
and climate change — a theme that crosscuts all the core themes.
The Africa Initiative’s research program supports field-based research on
governance issues critical to the continent in the six thematic areas. It focuses
on the interface between human behaviour and the various themes as they
relate to the design and implementation of public policy. Identified research
priorities aim to inform and influence both policy within Africa and policy that
affects Africa.
The Africa Initiative exchange program supports short-term academic
placements for Africans and Canadians undertaking research on Africa.
Launched in November 2009, the exchange program had, by 2011, given 27
highly motivated students and 48 faculty an opportunity to discover and impart
new learning in a cross-cultural experience, with many of the African students
coming to Waterloo to attend programs at Wilfrid Laurier University and the
University of Waterloo.
In November 2009, the Africa Initiative held a meeting in Uganda titled,
Africa’s Climate Change Reality: The Africa Initiative Congress on Climate
Change. This event was held over four days, and covered topics such as
assessing regional needs in combatting climate change and how to mobilize
human and technical resources. About 750 policy makers, academics,
experts, students and representatives from non-governmental organizations,
Programs — global develoPmenT CIGI at ten
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Gregory Chin, who joined CIGI as a senior fellow in 2007, leads the Global Development program in 2011 as its acting director.
Senior Fellow Barry Carin (left) and Mukesh Kapila of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies co-led a 2011 project focused on the UN’s Millennium Development Goals and the future of international development in a post-2015 context.
international agencies and donor countries attended the event, as did Ugandan
cabinet ministers and senior officials.
The Africa Portal was launched in 2010, in collaboration with Makerere
University and the South African Institute of International Affairs, as an online
knowledge resource for policy-related issues on Africa. It houses research and
information on African policy at www.africaportal.org. In the portal’s first
year, a storehouse of more than 3,000 documents had been created. By early
2011, the portal had already attracted a large audience — the site had been
visited by people in 156 of the world’s 194 countries. In just 100 days, the
Africa Portal had enjoyed 13,800 unique visitors making a total of 20,700
visits and generating 52,300 page views.
In 2011, CIGI and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC) announced a joint initiative, Toward a Post-
2015 Development Paradigm, to explore and recommend future directions
for international development. Nine years earlier, the UN had launched its
Millennium Campaign, seeking a concrete action plan for the world to achieve
eight Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015, to reverse the grinding
poverty, hunger and disease affecting billions of people. With less than five
years remaining in that mandate, CIGI and IFRC undertook to explore the
plan beyond the stated target year, given that the goals were unlikely to be
met. The project was co-directed by CIGI Senior Fellow Barry Carin and
Mukesh Kapila, under secretary-general for national society and knowledge
development at the IFRC.
As in the past, the next phase in CIGI’s Global Development programming
will be informed by current realities, while also looking over the horizon
beyond the coming shifts in the global order. As new donor nations emerge on
the global development scene, including China, Brazil and India, so too will
new governance issues and opportunities for policy making.
CIGI at ten Programs — global develoPmenT
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Al-Qaeda’s attacks of 9/11 (above, Ground Zero in New York) forever altered the global security paradigm.
JUST A FEW months after CIGI was established in 2001, the world’s outlook
on peace and conflict changed dramatically and irrevocably. On September
11 that year, al-Qaeda’s devastating attacks on the World Trade Center, the
Pentagon and United Airlines Flight 93 shattered existing security paradigms
and led to the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq and a new regime of terrorist
and counterterror measures around the world. In the ensuing decade, other
issues of global security have also leapt forward in worldwide consciousness,
including concerns about cybersecurity, increasing questions about when UN-
sanctioned forces should intervene in civil wars and heightened awareness of
nuclear risks in the wake of Japan’s 2011 Fukushima disaster.
CIGI’s Global Security program seeks to study these issues, with an eye to
how international governance systems can mitigate or even avert these dangers.
As much of CIGI’s early work in this area was conducted in the shadow of
9/11, its researchers focused on countries and regions directly affected by the
new terms of engagement for the international community. CIGI also explored
the status of security in failed states outside of the post-9/11 framework,
and produced substantial policy-development recommendations in nuclear
industry governance.
In March 2005, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan released In Larger
Freedom, a report that explored the emerging contradiction between the UN
Charter’s most basic purpose, “to save succeeding generations from the scourge
of war,” and its most basic principle, the non-interference in the internal affairs
of member states.
Within a month of the release, CIGI researchers, in conjunction with Wilfrid
Laurier University and the Academic Council of the United Nations System
(ACUNS), convened a group of expert practitioners, leading academics, civil
society representatives and UN officials to address the report’s many ideas.
That conference, “The UN: Adapting to the 21st Century,” marked the start of
Programs — global seCuriTy CIGI at ten
An American soldier (left) trains Afghan security forces as part of the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan.
25
“There is growing awareness that the theoretical assumptions behind security sector reform do not align with the realities on the ground, particularly in post-conflict environments. This has prompted a new look at where we stand and what is needed to move forward. Mark Sedra has captured the moment in this brilliant book of analysis and recommendations by a stellar group of scholars and practitioners. This is a highly educational must read for anyone who wants to understand this critical issue.”
Robert M. Perito, Senior Program Officer, United States Institute of Peace
“This is a timely and insightful volume, bringing together a rich assortment of expertise from the worlds of both policy and academia. The contributions touch on virtually every aspect of the SSR problematique, offering a textured analysis of where SSR has come from and where it needs to go — an important contribution to an important debate.”
Tim Donais, Associate Professor, Wilfrid Laurier University
“CIGI assembled an extraordinary team of sector experts whose collective work is an impressive element by element analysis of the complexities of SSR. Beyond history and trends, we are offered insight into what works, what doesn’t, and what’s needed. Practitioner, academic or student; multilateral or bilateral; public, private or NGO sector, there are lessons here for all.”
D.C. (David) Beer, Former Director General of International Policing (ret) for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and currently
an International Policing Advisor for the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre
“Experience has shown us that SSR is rarely to the forefront of determining policy in stabilisation or post conflict operations. Yet SSR is the means by which governments can be made to work and coalition forces can determine their exit strategy. It is a vital task that requires serious thought. This book will prove invaluable in promoting that process.”
Major General Andrew Mackay CBE (UK Military), Former commander of British forces Afghanistan and the former Commanding General of
the Civilian Police Advisory Training Team in Iraq
THE FUTURE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
Edited by Mark Sedra
THE FUTURE OF SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
The Centre for International Governance Innovation www.cigionline.org ISBN 978-0-9867077-1-1
Sedra
Cover.indd 1-3 10-12-15 4:57 PM
Senior Fellow Mark Sedra (above, in Afghanistan in 2006) has led CIGI’s project examining security sector reform in fragile states.
An all-female Bangladeshi police force arrives to help in Haiti’s post-earthquake stabilization.
CIGI’s first ebook, The Future of Security Sector Reform, was published in 2010.
CIGI’s UN Reform project, led by Distinguished Fellows Paul Heinbecker and
Louise Fréchette, the latter a former deputy secretary-general of the UN. At the
time, Fréchette captured the issues at play: “We will not enjoy development
without security; we will not enjoy security without development; and we will
not enjoy either without respect for human rights.”
CIGI’s early work in global security helped inform Canadian foreign policy.
In 2006, Andrew Thompson, while a CIGI research associate, addressed the
House of Commons Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International
Development on the human rights situation in Haiti. The CIGI book, Haiti:
Hope for a Fragile State (co-published by Wilfrid Laurier University Press),
was cited six times in the committee’s report.
In 2008–10, Senior Visiting Fellow Mokhtar Lamani led a security-
related project on the future of Iraq. In addition to field research, reports and
workshops, the project led to the publication of the CIGI book From Desolation
to Reconstruction: Iraq’s Troubled Journey, which Lamani co-edited with
Senior Fellow Bessma Momani.
In an overlap with CIGI’s global development work, Senior Researcher
Hany Besada led a 2009 project that examined peace-building efforts in the
fragile West African states of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire, with a
focus on the role of the private sector in leading the reconstruction initiatives.
In 2009, the focus of CIGI’s Global Security research turned to security
sector reform (SSR), under the guidance of Senior Fellow Mark Sedra. SSR is a
framework of principles and best practices for the reconstruction of the security
architecture (including the military, police and courts) in fragile, collapsed and
post-conflict states. Since April 2010, the project’s major initiative has been
the Security Sector Reform Resource Centre, a website designed to serve as
a hub for SSR practitioners, policy makers and experts across the world, and
a platform to promote CIGI’s security sector governance research. Another
CIGI at ten Programs — global seCuriTy
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Addressing International Governance Challenges
NUCLEAR ENERGY FUTURES PROJECTCHAIR: LOUISE FRÉCHETTE DIRECTOR: TREVOR FINDLAY
NUCLEAR ENERGY AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE TO 2030An Action Plan
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Addressing International Governance Challenges
PROJET PERSPECTIVES DE L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIREPRÉSIDENTE: LOUISE FRÉCHETTE DIRECTEUR: TREVOR FINDLAY
L’ÉNERGIE NUCLÉAIRE ET LA GOUVERNANCE MONDIALE À L’HORIZON 2030Plan d’action
Distinguished Fellow Louise Fréchette (right) chaired the NEF project, which ran from 2006–10 and focused on a possible nuclear energy revival.
The NEF project was the first comprehensive study to look at all aspects of nuclear governance globally.
major research project was the Security Sector Reform Monitor, a quarterly
publication that tracked developments in the SSR processes of five post-
conflict countries — Afghanistan, Burundi, Haiti, Timor-Leste and Southern
Sudan — through peer-reviewed, field-based analysis. The SSR Monitor was
superseded in 2011 by a series of issue papers on SSR. Work in this area
also led to CIGI’s first ebook, The Future of Security Sector Reform. Edited
by Sedra and published in November 2010, the book features 20 papers by
leading SSR experts.
Policy makers have consulted CIGI’s security sector researchers regularly
to assess the policy options before them, including: the Canadian Department
of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), the Canadian Security
and Intelligence Service (CSIS), Public Safety Canada, the Government of
Switzerland and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
In September 2006, CIGI launched its Nuclear Energy Futures (NEF)
project in collaboration with the Canadian Centre for Treaty Compliance
(CCTC) at Carleton University. The NEF project investigated the implications
of the purported nuclear energy revival for nuclear safety, security and non-
proliferation to 2030, and made recommendations for consideration by the
international community, especially in the realm of global governance. It
offered a detailed analysis of the potential for a nuclear energy revival. The
project was chaired by Distinguished Fellow Louise Fréchette and directed by
Senior Fellow Trevor Findlay; it ran from September 2006 to April 2010.
At the time, the NEF project was the only comprehensive study to look at
all aspects of the nuclear global governance regime. Exploring nuclear safety,
security and non-proliferation in a single report allowed CIGI researchers
to identify similarities and synergies that could be used to strengthen global
governance in this area. It documented the state of play in the 40-plus countries
that had announced an interest in starting a nuclear energy program.
Programs — global seCuriTy CIGI at ten
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Members of the IAEA fact-finding mission in Japan examine the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant for tsunami damage.
In 2010-11, CIGI Senior Fellow Trevor Findlay led the first independent review of the International Atomic Energy Agency, headquartered (right) in Vienna.
Since the NEF project began, global nuclear governance has moved to the
centre stage, after years of stagnation. In 2008, the director general of the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) formed a commission to advise
on the future of the organization. In 2009, an international commission on
nuclear energy and disarmament was formed, and the Obama administration
committed itself to progress toward nuclear disarmament.
In December 2010, CIGI, again in collaboration with the CCTC, launched
a project on Strengthening and Reform of the International Atomic Energy
Agency. Led by Findlay, the project seeks to capitalize on the success of the
NEF project by advancing ideas about the future of the IAEA contained in the
NEF’s final report. The IAEA is the paramount instrument of global governance
in the nuclear realm in all three areas of governance concern: nuclear safety,
nuclear security and nuclear non-proliferation. Findlay is conducting a “root-
and-branch” study of the IAEA, to examine its origins, past performance, and
current strengths and weaknesses.
The nuclear disaster at Fukushima, Japan, following a tsunami in March 2011,
brought increased attention to the IAEA. “Now is an even more appropriate
time for an independent external review of the agency,” Findlay said.
As CIGI continues to develop its Global Security program, questions to be
examined include: how can multilateral governance systems best operate in a
world where security is deeply entrenched in issues of national sovereignty?
Are the UN Security Council and other multilateral bodies prepared to meet
the challenges ahead, and how well do they interact with military forces,
police, intelligence agencies and courts that serve strictly one-state or
regional interests? As with all of CIGI’s research themes, global security has
a crosscutting overlap with other program areas — for example, it has clear
ties to global development — and will, therefore, be analyzed in the broadest
context of the world’s interrelated problems.
CIGI at ten Programs — global seCuriTy
The Cigi CamPus CIGI at ten28
The CIGI Campus, opening in 2011 next to CIGI’s office in Waterloo, will be a hub of global research and academic excellence.
The Cigi CamPus CIGI at ten
CIGI at ten The Cigi CamPus 29CIGI at ten The Cigi CamPus
CANADA ENJOYS a unique place among the nations of the world. Its
history of innovation, especially in economic, technological and social
development, rivals and even surpasses those of much larger countries. It is
only natural then, that Canada would contribute to international affairs on a
similar scale. The CIGI Campus is the result of Jim Balsillie’s vision to build
capacity in international affairs in Canada and to make CIGI one of the most
innovative think tanks in the world.
“Canada is uniquely positioned to bridge the disconnect between human
achievement and global challenges,” Balsillie said in 2007 upon founding
the Balsillie School of International Affairs (BSIA), a cornerstone of the new
campus.
The CIGI Campus, costing $66 million to build and scheduled for
completion in the fall of 2011, received $50 million in funding from the federal
and provincial governments, including $25 million through the Knowledge
Infrastructure Program and $25 million through the Ontario budget. The City
of Waterloo donated the 3.6-acre former Seagram distillery site, valued at
$5 million, through a 99-year lease.
The CIGI Campus was envisioned as a hub of partnerships among CIGI,
global research institutions and the academic and research communities
in Canada. A unique incubator of ideas would be created by the physical
proximity of a global think tank, a highly regarded school of international
affairs, and other centres of study. The think tank itself would bring to the
campus its opportunities for research, and the expertise of experienced policy
practitioners with international networks. The BSIA added the energy of
scholars, faculty and students alike, with new thinking for the next generation.
Another proposed inhabitant of the campus is an international law program in
a partnership between CIGI and an existing Ontario law school.
The campus is within an hour’s drive of eight Ontario universities, and
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CIGI Chair in Global Systems Thomas Homer-Dixon (left) and CIGI Chair in Global Security and Director of the Balsillie School of International Affairs David Welch (right) helped lead the school’s development and growth as it established interdisciplinary focus.
Graduate students confer at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, which offers study streams in global governance and public policy.
located in a region that is home to world-leading technology firms, as well as
leading institutes for theoretical physics and quantum computing.
When it was founded in 2007, the BSIA represented the largest initiative in
the social sciences in Canadian history. The three-way partnership includes
CIGI, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU) and the University of Waterloo
(UW). Its first director was UW professor Ramesh Thakur, also a CIGI fellow
at the time. UW President David Johnston, later appointed governor general
of Canada, declared the BSIA “a wonderful investment, both in terms of
developing this area as the knowledge capital of Canada and for the future of
international relations.”
The Balsillie School offers three programs: a Ph.D. in global governance, a
master’s in global governance and a master’s in international public policy. In
May 2010, five Ph.D. students at the BSIA won major national scholarships.
David Welch, CIGI Chair in Global Security and director of the Balsillie School,
was proud of the students’ accomplishments with the school still in its infancy.
“The school was established precisely to help find answers,” Welch said. “Our
three graduate programs draw superb students from around the world who are
attracted by the opportunity to pursue genuinely interdisciplinary research in
Canada’s most exciting intellectual community.”
In 2010, the BSIA unveiled a new logo that features a stylized, borderless
networked globe in blue and gold, representing the colours of its three partners.
It also launched an engaging new website, which was credited with an increase
in international applications in 2011. Also in 2011, in a committee process
overseen by the three-way Executive Partnership Committee, it forged a new
governance agreement to elaborate on the original principles outlined in the
2007 Collaboration Agreement. With these and other steps, the new school
was ready to move into its splendid new home on the CIGI Campus.
For architect Shirley Blumberg of Toronto’s Kuwabara Payne McKenna
The Cigi CamPus CIGI at ten
31
The campus features an interior courtyard in the classic “Oxbridge” style.
With its bell tower on Erb Street, the campus is part of Waterloo’s transition from a traditional manufacturing economy to a knowledge culture.
CIGI at ten The Cigi CamPus
Floors in the campus buildings employ BubbleDeck technology for a reduced carbon footprint.
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In 2009, KPMB architect Shirley Blumberg (left) goes over the design concepts for the new CIGI Campus with Heidi Balsillie.
Fireplace lounges in the academic building of the CIGI Campus create places for relaxation and an informal exchange of ideas.
The design of the academic building allows for ample natural light to infuse all of its interior corridors.
Blumberg Architects (KPMB), the CIGI Campus was an opportunity to create
an environment perfect for human interaction.
“Our approach to designing educational buildings is that what happens
outside the classroom is as important as what happens inside the classroom.
So, education, if you boil it down, it’s really about discourse,” Blumberg said.
KPMB’s design creates a “vibrant sanctuary,” with a bell tower and an
interior courtyard — a layout inspired by the University of Toronto’s Massey
and Trinity Colleges, and others in the traditional “Oxbridge” style. A green
space with benches and trees lies within the quadrangle formed by three-
storey academic buildings and an auditorium pavilion. The main entrance on
Erb Street, adjacent to CIGI’s front door, is distinguished by a super-scaled
entrance canopy with a wood soffit.
The campus continues the revitalization of the uptown neighbourhood of
the City of Waterloo, paying homage to the simple brick constructions of the
industrial past while serving the new knowledge-and-information economy of
the city today.
Innovative design features include the use of BubbleDeck floors, which place
large hollow plastic balls inside the poured concrete slabs to eliminate more
than 30 percent of the deadload weight, enabling a 25-percent reduction in
structural costs and reducing the building’s carbon footprint. Other efficiency
features include rainwater capture and storage for a grey-water system, and
in-slab heating and cooling systems, resulting in a 60-percent energy-use
reduction.
The new building is equipped with a 250-seat auditorium and a full suite
of interactive technologies, for state-of-the-art experiences in the classrooms.
Campus inhabitants will be able to enjoy video conferencing, web streaming,
multi-screen projections, electronic archival of lectures, hearing assistance and
translation booths.
The Cigi CamPus CIGI at ten
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Laid out over an unseen map of the world (above), the public art for the CIGI Campus commemorates milestones in international governance with a series of copper markers. Measuring eight inches in diameter, the markers (below) state the date and location of 19 significant events.
Artist Richard Fleischner observes the planting of trees in the CIGI Campus courtyard in July 2011, during the installation of his public art.
CIGI at ten The Cigi CamPus
PUBLIC ART can surprise, delight, inform and inspire passersby. Visitors
to the CIGI Campus courtyard are treated to a thought-provoking and
creative experience in this regard. The courtyard features a significant public
art piece by artist Richard Fleischner. His concept was selected from nine
artist submissions to visually represent the goals and aspirations of the CIGI
Campus.
Fleischner, born in the Bronx in 1944, is known internationally as a sculptor,
painter and installation artist. His award-winning landscapes emphasize the
relationship of architecture to the natural world. His studio and home are in
Providence, Rhode Island.
Four main elements comprise Fleischner’s artwork for the CIGI Campus: a
low, circular terrazzo bench bisected by a pathway; a diagonal knee-wall made
of electroplated aluminum with a small rectangular terrazzo element at one
end; a tall column of galvanized steel; and 16 copper discs on the ground.
The copper discs commemorate 19 significant milestones in international
governance (for the complete list, see the following section), each marked
with the name of the event, the date, and the latitude and longitude of the
event’s location. The arrangement of the discs is based on an unseen world
map, centred on Waterloo, Ontario.
The 19 milestones were selected through an internal competition among
CIGI staff and fellows in late 2010. A panel of experts selected the winning
entries from a total of more than 80 submitted, including the signing of the
Magna Carta, the French Revolution and the founding of the UN. They are
not meant to be an exclusive archive of the only moments that matter in world
history, but rather, form an impression of the sweep of history behind the idea
of international governance. The milestone markers may also inspire visitors
to the CIGI Campus to muse about the major progress in international relations
that still lies ahead.
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HISTORIANS CAN point to many moments when governance systems
across nations made a leap in progress. No list of milestones is
definitive, as room exists to debate the significance of one treaty, revolution or
new organization over another. But in an expert panel’s view, judging 80-plus
submissions from CIGI staff, the following 19 events merited inclusion in the
CIGI Campus public-art installation (see previous page). If not cast in stone,
they are certainly now cast in copper.
1 The Magna Carta issued Runnymede, England – June, 1215 King John of England, under considerable duress, issued the charter in order to proclaim certain liberties and accept that his will was not arbitrary, thereby establishing the first modern concept of individual rights and the obligations of the state to its citizens.
2 The Peace of Westphalia began Münster, Germany – October, 1648 This series of peace treaties was signed between May and October of 1648. It ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) and the Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648), and established the principle of national sovereignty and the non-interference of one nation-state in the affairs of another.
3 The French Revolution commenced Paris, France – 1789 The revolution in France ended the French monarchist era and introduced sweeping political reform, including modern principles of citizenship and inalienable rights. It sparked the Napoleonic Wars, which led to the Congress of Vienna and eventually the Concert of Europe — a precursor to the League of Nations and the United Nations.
4 The International Committee of the Red Cross convened Geneva, Switzerland – February, 1863
In 1862, Henri Dunant proposed a permanent relief agency for humanitarian aid and a government treaty to allow it to provide aid in a war zone. His ideas led to the establishment of the Red Cross in 1863 and the First Geneva Convention in 1864 — which guaranteed protection for wounded soldiers and field medical
personnel in war zones.
5 The first Hague Conventions adopted The Hague, Netherlands – July, 1899 The Hague Conventions are a group of international treaties that established the first agreements on the laws of war and war crimes. Along with the Geneva Conventions, these were a model for the establishment of international law.
6 The Paris Peace Conference convened Paris, France – January, 1919 Following the First World War (1914–18), the Allied Powers met for six months in Paris to establish peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. The conference founded the League of Nations, the first permanent international security organization and precursor to the United Nations.
7 The Bretton Woods Conference convened Bretton Woods, US – July, 1944
Forty-four Allied nations met at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New
Hampshire, to develop a new system of international monetary management. The Bretton Woods agreements established the International Monetary
Fund and led to the creation of the World Bank.
8 The Charter of the United Nations signed San Francisco, US – June, 1945 The failure of the League of Nations to prevent a second world war led to the founding of the United Nations as a more effective forum for multilateral cooperation and dialogue. With a membership of 193 nations, the UN represents humanity’s most comprehensive effort to maintain peace and promote cooperation in solving economic and humanitarian problems.
9 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade signed Geneva, Switzerland – April, 1947 A major agreement on the rules of trade among nations, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), was negotiated during the UN Conference on Trade and Employment. It led to the creation in 1993 of the World Trade Organization.
milesTones in inTernaTional governanCe CIGI at ten
King John signs the Magna Carta.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Woodrow Wilson and
Lloyd George in Paris.
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10 The Organization of American States formed Bogotá, Colombia – April, 1948 The Ninth International Conference of American States formalized inter-American cooperation with the adoption of the Charter of the Organization of American States, the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (the Pact of Bogotá), the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (the world’s first general human rights instrument) and the Economic Agreement of Bogotá (the latter never entered into force).
11 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted Paris, France – December, 1948 This declaration was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly to create a common standard of rights for all individuals, regardless of race, gender, age or origin. It outlines the inherent dignity of human beings, and the right of every person to be free from discrimination and oppression.
12 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization created Washington, DC, US – April, 1949
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an alliance of 26 countries in Europe and North America. Established by the North Atlantic Treaty to ensure peace and security in the North Atlantic region through the principle of collective defence, NATO was the
first peacetime intergovernmental military alliance since 1778.
13 The Organisation of African Unity created Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – May, 1963 The OAU was the first transnational body in Africa to promote solidarity throughout the continent while creating a unified African voice on the world stage. Since 2002, it has been known as the African Union.
14 The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons signed
New York, US – March, 1970 The treaty to limit nuclear proliferation was signed in 1970 by 189 states, including five with nuclear arsenals: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, China and France. More countries have
ratified this treaty than any other arms-limitation agreement.
15 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea signed Montego Bay, Jamaica – December, 1982 This convention established national rights and obligations relating to navigation, pollution, resource extraction and other uses of the seas and oceans. It set ocean boundaries and created an innovative legal regime for controlling mineral resource exploitation in deep seabed areas beyond national jurisdictions.
16 The United Nations Rio Earth Summit held Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – June, 1992 More than 100 heads of state met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the first international Earth Summit, convened to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, signed by 154 nations, attempted to address greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequent meetings led to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.
17 The European Union established through the Treaty of Maastricht Maastricht, Netherlands – February, 1992 The European Union was formed as the first complex supranational state with a single market and common currency system. It allows the free movement of people, goods, services and capital for its member states. The EU has grown from the original six founding states (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium) to 27 countries in 2011.
18 The Centre for International Governance Innovation founded Waterloo, Canada – July, 2001 Incorporated on July 30, 2001, and officially named The Centre for International Governance Innovation a year later, CIGI is an independent, non-partisan think tank addressing the most pressing problems in global governance. In its first decade, CIGI helped develop the idea for a G20 leaders-level summit, and has built the CIGI Campus in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, as a hub of education, research and analysis for international governance innovation.
19 The International Criminal Court created Rome, Italy – July, 2002
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court established the ICC as the first international tribunal where crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression can be prosecuted when states are unable or unwilling to try the accused. By 2011, the court had indicted more than two dozen individuals.
CIGI at ten milesTones in inTernaTional governanCe
Canada’s Louise Arbour, prosecutor at the ICC.
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For four years, CIGI hosted the Global Youth Forum at its Waterloo headquarters. Above, high school students gather in the CIGI Atrium for the 2006 conference.
FROM THE OUTSET, CIGI has sought to engage the public with a wide
array of free lectures and other events. It did so to build public understanding
of its programs — in recognition of the think tank’s public funding, but also
because policy influence is achieved in part through the electorate. As it
gained experience and skills, CIGI also began to build a more sophisticated
program of communications and outreach that includes a dynamic website
with multimedia features, a state-of-the-art broadcast studio, a robust program
of media relations and effective deployment of new social media.
The Signature Lecture Series is CIGI’s longest-running public outreach
event. Held regularly, these free lectures draw as many as 250 people in each
sitting at the CIGI Atrium — and in the fall of 2011 will move to the new
CIGI Auditorium. Since 2010, CIGI public events have also been webcast live,
available free to any viewer in the world with Internet access.
CIGI’s lectures have featured major names in research and policy making
on global governance issues. Speakers have included: Anne-Marie Slaughter,
former director of policy planning for the United States Department of State;
Jeff Rubin, former chief economist at CIBC World Markets and author of Why
Your World Is About to Get a Whole Lot Smaller; retired US General Wesley
Clark; the Honourable Bill Graham, former minister of foreign affairs for
Canada; retired Lieutenant-General and Canadian Senator Roméo Dallaire;
Jeffrey Sachs, economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia
University; Dambisa Moyo, economist and author of Dead Aid: Why Aid Is
Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa; Irene Khan, former
secretary general of Amnesty International; and environmental activist Robert
F. Kennedy, Jr. CIGI volunteers helped stage all of these events (and more).
Soon after inception, CIGI identified a need to encourage student engagement
in world issues. Commencing in 2005 and continuing for four years, CIGI
hosted the Global Youth Forum, an annual one-day conference at CIGI for 150
PubliC serviCe and ouTreaCh CIGI at ten
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In March 2009, TVO’s The Agenda with Steve Paikin broadcast live from CIGI for an episode on the social impact of the economic downturn on Ontario communities.
Waterloo native Lisa LaFlamme, of CTV, joined a media panel at CIGI in 2008.
high school students. Also in 2005-06, CIGI partnered with the World Bank to
host the first World Bank Graduate Seminar in Canada, for approximately 120
graduate students.
Other public events held in the first decade included a noon-hour Food for
Thought lecture series and a cinematic series that combined documentaries
on global issues with expert commentary. CIGI also supported international
photo exhibitions including “Voices on the Rise: Afghan Women Making the
News” in 2007, presented in collaboration with the Embassy of Afghanistan,
and “Delivering Hope,” a collection of images from the UN World Food
Programme that focused on the difficulties in delivering assistance to the
Democratic Republic of Congo.
An annual media panel, which CIGI presents jointly with the Waterloo
chapter of the Canadian International Council, always draws a packed house
and features Canadian foreign correspondents relating the challenges of
covering wars, disasters and other stories abroad. Other CIGI partnerships in
community events have included: spOtlight Celebrate Our Artists Weekend
in 2008; Ecofest 2009, a day of interactive learning and a celebration of the
environment; and CU Expo 2011, showcasing exemplars in community-
university partnerships worldwide.
While thinking globally, CIGI is mindful of its presence in the Waterloo
community. In addition to employing 50 people locally and investing in local
education infrastructure, CIGI fosters ties with the local business community
as a member of the Greater Kitchener-Waterloo Chamber of Commerce. Since
2010, it has formally participated in the annual employee payroll deduction
plan of the United Way of Kitchener Waterloo. Staff and experts speak regularly
at local service clubs and events, when requested. CIGI staff are encouraged
to volunteer for and participate in local charitable boards and not-for-profits,
such as arts groups and the Region of Waterloo Food Bank.
CIGI at ten PubliC serviCe and ouTreaCh
Retired Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire speaks to CIGI researchers in 2007.
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Clockwise from top left: Joe Clark, former prime minister of Canada, at an early meeting of the International Board of Governors; Andrés Rozental, long-time member of the same board, at a 2011 CIGI conference; Max Brem, who expanded CIGI’s communications and publications team from 2008 to 2011; and Jennifer Jeffs, former CIGI deputy executive director, with Senior Fellow Manmohan Agarwal.
CIGI Senior Fellow Bessma Momani appeared in the first live-to-air use of CIGI’s broadcast studio with a television network, a 2011 interview with Bloomberg in the UK.
Sustainability is an ongoing part of CIGI’s public service mandate.
CIGI’s conferences began a greening program in 2006 and were recognized
by Zerofootprint for their reduced environmental impact. Through its
Sustainability Committee, CIGI joined Sustainable Waterloo’s Regional
Carbon Initiative in 2011 to foster good environmental practices internally.
To make its voice heard in more public channels, CIGI opened its broadcast
studio in mid-2011, allowing in-house production of videos, media interviews,
photo shoots and webcasts. The studio is directly linked, through fibre optic
cable, to global television networks, enabling live-to-air interviews with CIGI
experts. Within days of opening, the studio enabled television interviews on
three continents — CBC Toronto and Bloomberg Asia and UK. The studio has
also been deployed steadily for CIGI multimedia productions, including the
first season of the Inside the Issues podcast series, in 2010-11.
Throughout 2010 and in 2011, CIGI increased its social media campaign.
The new Social Media Squad offered Twitter lessons for staff and fellows keen
to tweet, while CIGI’s Facebook page and YouTube channel helped increase
traffic to CIGI’s substantial storehouse of publications online. CIGI’s public
affairs team deployed new systems for connecting with mass media around
the world, subscribing to a database with tens of thousands of journalists
worldwide. CIGI communications specialists joined its G20 Working Group
members in the media centres of the G20 summits in Toronto and Seoul to help
connect the think tank’s experts to journalists. And in 2010, CIGI launched
a quarterly enewsletter, CIGI Worldwide, delivering news about its programs
and projects to thousands of subscribers.
Whether by engaging the public in Waterloo or proactively disseminating
its message to media and CIGI subscribers worldwide, CIGI will continue to
develop its methods of outreach, all in support of its core mission — to infuse
the world with better ideas for global governance.
PubliC serviCe and ouTreaCh CIGI at ten
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Waterloo Mayor Brenda Halloran, WLU President Bob Rosehart (centre) and CIGI Vice President of Government Affairs Mohamed Hamoodi.
International Board of Governors member Maureen O’Neil at a CIGI conference.
The Interpreter, starring Nicole Kidman, was projected onto the exterior of the CIGI building in July 2006 as part of the Summer Cinema Series.
The Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony performs in the CIGI Atrium in December 2008.
Former Chief Technology Officer Dan Latendre (left) and CIGI’s Andrew Cooper roll up to the building in “smart” style.
Former advisory board member Prince Andrew gets a tour from Jim Balsillie in 2006.
CIGI board member Carmen Sylvain of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade at CIGI’s 2011 spring conference.
CIGI at ten PubliC serviCe and ouTreaCh
From left, CIGI’s Stephanie Woodburn (seated) Briton Dowhaniuk, Colleen Fitzpatrick and Neve Peric at a CIC dinner in 2008.
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In the coming years, development of CIGI’s research programs will be led by Vice President of Programs David Dewitt, who joined CIGI in July 2011.
FILLING THE GAPS ININTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCEOctober 28-30, 2011
CAN THINK TANKS MAKE A DIFFERENCE?CIGI CONFERENCETUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2011
The road ahead CIGI at ten
AS CIGI enters its second decade, it is inspired by a fundamental belief
that innovations in international governance can make the world a more
prosperous, sustainable and secure place for people everywhere.
In its first decade, CIGI overcame the challenges of starting small and
growing rapidly, and was able to build effective partnerships and recalibrate
as needed. It can take heart from the words of others, who recognized CIGI’s
early successes and inspire us to forge ahead. Sam Daws, a senior research
associate at the Centre for International Studies at the University of Oxford,
sees CIGI as “one of the only think tanks that can claim not just to have studied,
but to help bring into being, an international framework for countries,” the G20
grouping. Stewart Patrick, director of the International Institutions and Global
Governance Program at the US Council on Foreign Relations, says that “in just
10 short years, CIGI has established itself as the premier institution studying
global institutional reform.”
Recognizing that CIGI already is making a difference may bolster the
confidence of this young organization. At the same time, CIGI will need to
be even more daring to truly have an impact on the economy, environment,
development and security of a troubled world facing rapid change.
Over the coming century, “the nexus of issues is unambiguous: GDP growth,
the number of people, energy consumption — anyway you look at it, it is going
up four or five times,” Jim Balsillie told the 2011 World Economic Forum in
Davos, Switzerland. To address these issues effectively, he said, “we have to
be radically ambitious.”
With that charge, CIGI is ready to write the next chapter in its story, continuing
to address significant global problems by building bridges from knowledge to
power. Driving the excellence of its research programs and outreach will be
its desire to improve systems of governance for the good of the planet and all
humankind.
SOVEREIGNDEBTORS IN
DISTRESSARE OUR INSTITUTIONS
UP TO THE CHALLENGE?
CIGI - INET Conference
Waterloo, ON — November 30 to December 2, 2011
CIGI LeADeRsHIPOperating Board of Directors
Jim Balsillie, Chair of the Board
Cosimo Fiorenza, Secretary
Dennis Kavelman, Treasurer
Carmen Sylvain
Scott Burk
Andrés Rozental
Maureen O’Neil
International Board of Governors
Jim Balsillie
Jorge Braga de Macedo
Ahmed Galal
Rohinton Medhora
Maureen O’Neil
Andrés Rozental
Diana Tussie
Ngaire Woods
Executive
Thomas Bernes, Executive Director
David Dewitt, Vice President of Programs
Mohamed Hamoodi, Vice President
of Government Affairs
Fred Kuntz, Vice President of Public Affairs
Neve Peric, Vice President of Operations
CIGI At tenLead writers: Declan Kelly and Fred Kuntz
Contributors: Matthew Bunch, Geoff Burt,
Barry Carin, Gregory Chin, Kevin Dias, Colleen
Fitzpatrick, Meagan Kay and Gordon Smith
Managing Editor, Publications: Carol Bonnett
Senior Publications Adviser: Max Brem
Assistant Publications Editor:
Jennifer Goyder
Media Designer: Steve Cross
Publications Coordinator: Matthew Bunch
Communications Coordinator: Kelly Lorimer
Thanks also to: Justin Alger, Thomas Bernes,
David Dewitt, Trevor Findlay, Louise Fréchette,
Paul Heinbecker, Mohamed Hamoodi, Susan
Hirst, Alicia MacFadden-Jutzi, Joanna Mirek,
Annie Monteiro, Maureen O’Neil, Zachary
Osborne, Neve Peric, Andrés Rozental, Mark
Sedra, Lisa Schaefer, Andrew Schrumm, Daniel
Schwanen, Alexandra Stephenson, Harry Swain,
Brenda Woods and Kristopher Young
Photo credits: Page 8, Tolga Adanali/AP Photo
(G20 leaders); Page 12, Presidency of the
French Republic Photo (Nicolas Sarkozy); Page
18, UN Photo/Paulo Filgueiras (Ban Ki-moon);
Page 20, UN Photo/Bahr el Ghazal (Sudan
1998); Page 24, Mark Lennihan/AP Photo
(Ground Zero); Page 24, UN Photo (Afghan
forces); Page 25, UN Photo (Bangladeshi
forces); all others CIGI, INET, Chatham House
and iStock
The Centre for International Governance Innovation
57 Erb St. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 6C2
Tel: +1 519 885 2444 | Fax: 1 519 885 5450