Chord/Scale Reference Manual - Howard Black Musichowardblackmusic.com/Changes.pdf · Changes...

Changes Chord/Scale Reference Manual

By Larry Ross Norred, ASCAP

Spell Chords and Chord Scales in Any Key Major Chords

Minor Chords

Dominant Chords

Spell Advanced Scales and Modes in Any Key

54 Common Tone Chord Substitutions for Any Melody Note

Frequently Asked Questions

Contact Larry at:

larrynorred@centurytel.net changes@centurytel.net

Major Chord Scales

Chord (3)=3rd Optional 2nd 3rd Chord Scale Scale Choice Scale Choice Scale Symbol Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees

Major Triad 6 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 (add9) 7 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 sus2 8 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 sus 9 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 4 10 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7-7 69 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 5 (no3rd) 11 1-2-(3)-4-5-6-7 88 2-4-5-6-1 (b5) 12 1-2-3-4-b5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 + or aug. 13 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 78 1-#2-3-5-#5-7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 6/9 14 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 66 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma7(b5) 15 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 ma9(#11) 16 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 ma7 17 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma9 18 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma13 19 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 80 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma7+ 20 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 78 1-#2-3-5-#5-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma9+ 21 1-2-3-4-#5-6-7 73 1-2-3-#4-#5-6-7 100 1-2-3-4-5-#5-6-7 ma13(#11) 22 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6 II/I (D/C) 123 1-2-3-#4-5-6-7 89 7-2-3-#4-6 92 7-1-3-#4-6

Minor Chord Scales

Chord 2nd 3rd

Chord Scale Scale Choice Scale Choice Scale

Symbol Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees Minor Triad 23 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 82 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi(add9) 24 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 82 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi6/9 25 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 82 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 o7 (dim.) 26 1-2-b3-4-#4-#5-6-7 72 1-2-b3-#4-5-6-7 106 1-2-b3-4-#4-#5-6-7 mi7(b5) 27 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 76 1-2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 69 1-b2-b3-4-b5-b6-b7 mi7 28 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 101 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi9 29 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 101 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi11 30 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 101 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi13 31 1-2-b3-4-5-6-b7 101 1-2-b3-3-4-5-6-b7 87 1-b3-4-5-b7 mi(ma7) 32 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 81 1--2-b3-4-5-b6-7 mi9(ma7) 33 1-2-b3-4-5-6-7 81 1--2-b3-4-5-b6-7 ii7/V (Gmi7/C) 34 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 90 1-2-4-5-b7 mi7(b9) 35 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 65 1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7 70 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7

Dominant Chord Scales Chord 2nd 3rd

Chord Scale Scale Choice Scale Choice Scale Symbol Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees Page No. Degrees

7 36 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 102 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7 7sus 37 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 90 1-2-4-5-b7 9 38 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 102 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7 9sus 39 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 90 1-2-4-5-b7 11 40 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 102 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7 13 41 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 102 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7-7 IV/V (F/G) 42 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 90 1-2-4-5-b7 7(b5) 43 1-2-3-4-b5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 9(b5) 44 1-2-3-4-b5-6-b7 74 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 ii7/V (Gmi7/C) 45 1-2-3-4-5-6-b7 90 1-2-4-5-b7 9(#11) 46 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 96 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 13(#11) 47 1-2-3-#4-5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 96 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 7(b9) 48 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 107 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 11(b9) 49 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 107 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 13(b9) 50 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 107 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 7(#9) 51 1-#2-3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 96 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 13(#9) 52 1-#2-3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 96 1-b3-4-#4--5-b7 7(#9b9) 53 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 107 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 7(b9b5) 54 1-b2-3-4-b5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 107 1-b2-b3-3-#4-5-6-b7 7+ 55 1-2-3-4-#5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 9+ 56 1-2-3-4-#5-6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 7+(#9) 57 1-#2-3-4-#5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 105 1-2-3-#4-#5-#6 7+(b9) 58 1-b2-3-4-#5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 13(#11b9) 59 1-b2-3-#4-5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 alt 60 1-b2-3-4-b5-6-b7 77 1-b2-b3-b4-b5-b6-b7 7sus(b9) 61 1-b2-3-4-5-6-b7 70 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 65 1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7 phryg 62 1-b2-b3-4-5-b6-b7 70 1-b2-b3-4-5-6-b7 71 1-b2-3-4-5-b6-b7

Advanced Scales Scale Name Typical Usage Page Scale Degrees

Traditional Modes

IONIAN major triad 63 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 DORIAN mi7 64 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7

PHRYGIAN mi7(b9) 65 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 LYDIAN ma7 66 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - 7 MIXOLYDIAN 7 (dom.7th) 67 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 AEOLIAN mi7 68 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7

LOCRIAN mi7(b5) 69 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b6 - b7

Special Modes

PHRYGIAN #6 7sus(b9) 70 1 - b2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 SPANISH PHRYGIAN 7(b9) 71 1 - b2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 LYDIAN DIMINISHED o7 (dim.7th) 72 1 - 2 - b3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - 7

LYDIAN AUGMENTED ma7+ 73 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - #5 - 6 - 7 LYDIAN DOMINANT 7(b5) 74 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - b7 MIXOLYDIAN b6 7+ 75 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 LOCRIAN #2 mi7(b5) 76 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b6 - b7

SUPER LOCRIAN 7(b9b5) 77 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7 AUGMENTED ma7+ 78 1 - #2 - 3 - 5 - #5 - 7 HINDU ma7+ 79 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7

Key Based Scales

MAJOR major triad 80 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7

HARMONIC MINOR mi(ma7) 81 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7 ASCENDING MELODIC MINOR mi6 82 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 DESCENDING MELODIC MINOR mi7 83 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7

NATURAL MINOR mi7 84 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7 5TH MODE MINOR dom.V7 in minor 85 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - b7

5-Note Scales

MAJOR PENTATONIC 6/9 86 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6

MINOR PENTATONIC mi7 87 1 - b3 - 4 - 5 - b7 MINOR PENTATONIC ON THE 2ND sus2 88 2 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 1 MINOR PENTATONIC ON THE 7TH ma13(#11) 89 7 - 2 - 3 - #4 - 6 SUSPENDED PENTATONIC ii7/V (Gmi7/C) 90 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – b7

JAPANESE IN SEN mi7(b9) 91 1 - b2 - 4 - 5 - b7 IN SEN ON THE 7TH II/I (D/C) 92 7 - 1 - 3 - #4 - 6 IN SEN - 2ND MODE ma9(#11) 93 1 - 3 - #4 - 6 - 7 IN SEN - 4TH MODE mi7(b5) 94 1 - b3 - 4 - b5 - b7

IN SEN - 5TH MODE mi6 95 1 - 2 - b3 - 5 - 6

Synthetic or Derived Scales

STANDARD BLUES 7(#9) or 9 96 1 - b3 - 4 - #4 - 5 - b7 MAJOR BLUES 7(#9) or 9 97 1 - 2 - #2 - 3 - 5 - 6 MINOR BLUES 7(#9) or 9 98 1 - b3 - 4 - #4 - 5 - b7

HARMONIC MAJOR ma7+ 99 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - b6 - 7 MAJOR BEBOP ma7 100 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - #5 - 6 - 7 MINOR BEBOP mi7 101 1 - 2 - b3 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 DOMINANT BEBOP 7 102 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - b7 - 7

ALTERED 7(b9b5) 103 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7 DIMINISHED WHOLE TONE 7+(#9b9) 104 1 - b2 - b3 - b4 - b5 - b6 - b7

Symmetrical Scales

WHOLE TONE 7+ 105 1 - 2 - 3 - #4 - #5 - #6

WHOLE-HALF DIMINISHED o (dim.triad) 106 1 - 2 - b3 - 4 - #4 - #5 - 6 - 7 HALF-WHOLE DIMINISHED 7(#9) or 7(b9) 107 1 - b2 - b3 - 3 - #4 - 5 - 6 - b7

Common Tone Chord Substitutions

Common Tone * Page C 108

C# 109

Db 110

Eb 112

F# 115

Gb 116

Ab 118

Bb 120

Cb 122

* Each page displays 54 different chords that contain the common tone listed.

APPENDIX - A

Frequently Asked Questions about how to use the Changes HANDBOOK 124

ORDER FORM for the Printed Version (three ring binder punched) 125

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS How do I find the right notes to play against a mi7 chord?

�� Turn to the Chord Scale Chart on page 2 or 3. �� Select one of the 54 chord types from the chart. �� Turn to the page indicated in the chord scale column to see the correct chord scale. �� Most chords have 2nd and 3rd choice scales indicated in their respective columns.

How do I find what notes are in any type of chord?

�� Turn to the Chord Scale Chart on page 2 or 3. �� Select one of the 54 chord types from the chart. �� Turn to the page indicated in the chord scale column to see the correct chord spelling.

How do I find what notes are in the Phrygian mode?

�� Turn to the Advanced Scale/Mode Chart on page 4. �� Select one of the 45 scale/mode types from the chart. �� Turn to the page indicated by the chart.

I need a different chord instead of a plain C7 under this melody note. What chords can I place under the “C” melody note?

�� Turn to the Chord Substitution Chart on page 5. �� Select one of the pitches from the chart. �� Turn to the page indicated by the chart and you will see 54 different Common Tone

Chord substitutions for the pitch you chose to harmonize.

How can I use the Chord Substitute Speller when I’m working on a chart? When you run into a harmonically static spot that needs just the right set of changes to fill in the time, look on page 5 for the pitch you need to harmonize, then go to the page indicated by the chart. Try different chords until you find just the right one. The chords on the first line are not “preferred”, they just happen to fall on the first line. The chords are arranged in a random order to encourage you to try different solutions to each arranging problem. How can I use the Chord Scale or the Advanced Scale Speller when I’m working on a chart? Use the charts to find what notes of the scale will reflect that chord or scale’s modality. When you need to write background figures during a solo or within the chart, you can be sure of the notes that will fit and maintain the sound of that chord or scale. Use those notes to create backgrounds. How can I use the Changes as a Jazz Ensemble Teacher? �� Use the Chord Scale Charts to work all the solos you have. Write out a blank lead sheet with

chord symbols, then check the speller for each chord’s chord scale. �� You can choose a Mode for the whole passage and print off a worksheet for the student to

practice in all keys. All the answers include the scales in both bass and treble clef. �� You can send harmonic rhythm players home with a Chord Substitution Sheet as necessary

ORDER FORM

Mail a personal check or money order for $40 U.S. per copy for a 3-Ring punched copy of Changes for your library. Please allow 2 weeks for delivery. This format allows you to lay the book flat for use on a music stand/rack and makes it very easy to remove pages for easy copying for classroom use. Remember you may only copy pages from this book under the “fair use” provision of the U.S. Copyright law. Any wholesale copying and unauthorized duplication of this book is a violation of the law and we will take whatever remedy that the law will allow. I will ship it as soon as possible after your check has cleared. MAIL YOUR CHECK or MONEY ORDER TO:

LARRY NORRED 710 EAST SUNDANCE DRIVE PIGGOTT, AR 72454 If you would like to pay by using the PayPal online credit card processing program simply pay me at my web e-mail address lnorred@piggott.net and I’ll send you the book immediately. YOUR ADDRESS:

Name___________________________________________________________ Address_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ City, State Zip ___________________________________________________ Quantity ________________________________________________________ Check Amount Enclosed__________________________________________ YOUR SHIPPING ADDRESS (if different from above) : Name___________________________________________________________ Address_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ City, State Zip ___________________________________________________ Changes - Copyright © 2001 Larry Ross Norred Page 125

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