Post on 03-Jan-2016
Chordates
• Have a notochord at some stage in life.• Have a dorsal tubular nerve cord
( spinal cord)• Have pharyngeal gill slits at some
stage in life• Ventral Heart & closed circulatory
systems
Chordate subphyla
• Urochordata- Tunicate sea squirt(Amocetes larvae)
• Cephalochordata- Amphioxus or lancelet
• hemichordata - acorn worm
• Vertebrata- animals with at least some vertebrae of bone or cartilage * 8 classes
class skelton heart chambers respiratory body cover limbs
Agnatha notochord 2 open gill smooth, unpaired fins
Chondrichthyescartilage 2 open gill scales,placoid paired fins
Placodermi*** heavy armor plated & jawedOstiechthyes bone 2 covered gill scales, thin paired fins
Amphibia bone 3 gills/lungs/ skin smooth, mucus 4 legs
Reptilia bone 4incomplete lungs scales, thick 4 legs
Aves hollowbone 4 lungs air sacs feather, scales wings legs
Mammalia bone 4 lungs hair 4 limbs
AGNATHA• JAWLESS PARASITE• NOTOCHORD IS PRIMARY SUPPORT • UNPAIRED FINS• POILKIOTHERMIC- UNABLE TO
MAINTAIN CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE
• OPEN GILLS• 2 CHAMBERED HEART• ANADROMOUS-RETURN TO FRESH
WATER TO SPAWN
Pineal Organ
• Senses light –direct migration and mating behavior according to seasonal changes in light
• OVOVIVIPAROUS-BEAR LIVE YOUNG THAT ARE NOURISHED FROM YOLK
• SHARKS, RAYS, AND SKATES• 2 CH. HEART, Poilkiothermic • SPIRACLE, OPEN GILLS,
• CARTILAGE SKELETON
• RECTAL GLAND- REMOVES SALT
• OIL CONTENT HIGH FOR BUOYANCY
• PLACOID SCALE-TOOTH LIKE
Spiracle
• Takes in water
• Gills are open
• Flap of skin folds back over but does not close as in body fish
• Raker -removes food and dirt
• Lamellae- rremoves oxygen from water and carbon dioxide from bloodgas is exchanged
OSTEICHTHYES• OPERCULUM-GILL COVER
• BONY SKELETON
• SWIM BLADDER-buoyancy
• FLAT CTENOID OR CYCLOID SCALES
• MOST ARE OVIPAROUS-LAY EGGS
Heart chambers
• Atria- collects and pushes blood into ventricle
• Ventricle- pumps blood to body or lungs
AMPHIBIA• SMOOTH MOIST SKIN, POISON
GLANDS & PIGMENT CELLS
• TETRAPODS ( MOSTLY) LACK CLAWS
• TYMPANUM & VOCAL SACS
• LUNGS, GILLS, & CUTANEOUS (SKIN ) BREATHING
• 3 CHAMBERED HEART
• POIKIOTHERMIC
REPTILIA
• Thick, dry keratinized scales with claws, four limbs
• Poilkiotherms( ectotherms)• Amniote eggs- water built inside
or ovoviviparous or oviparous• Lungs • Jacobson’s organ-smell or taste• Infared Pit- heat sensation
AVES
• Feathers, beak, scales, keeled sternum, hollow bones, synsacrum, fused phalanges- wings, highest metabolism, crop, gizzard, and cloaca.
• Amniote Eggs
• Four heart chambers
• Homeotherm- constant body temp.
• Lungs with air sacs
Mammalia
• Homeothermic
• 4 Complete Heart Chambers
• Hair covers body
• Mammary Glands
• Mostly Viviparous- mostly placental
Adaptations for survival in Terrestrial EnvironmentsSkeletonRespiratory—Gills and cutaneous breathing to Lungs Circulatory– Separation of Heart chambersSensory- lens, tympanum,touch receptors,
Water Conservation- Amniote Egg has it’s own water and protectionMarsupial and Placental Development – protection, Nourishment, and water.
Brain Regions• Anterior to Posterior
• Olfactory-smell
• Cerebrum-thinking, learning
• Optic- vision
• Cerebellum-coordination and balance
• Medulla-breathing and heart beat regulation