Post on 13-Jan-2016
Chemistrythe study of the properties of matter and how
matter changes
Chemistrythe study of the properties of matter and how
matter changes
Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.Substance – a single kind of matter that is pure. It has a specific composition and a specific set of properties.Examples: Table Salt, Table Sugar, and Baking Soda
Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.Substance – a single kind of matter that is pure. It has a specific composition and a specific set of properties.Examples: Table Salt, Table Sugar, and Baking Soda
Describing MatterDescribing Matter
Physical Properties - characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed
without changing it into another substance.
Examples: Change in Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness,
Flexibility, Luster, etc.
Physical Properties - characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed
without changing it into another substance.
Examples: Change in Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness,
Flexibility, Luster, etc.
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
◊ Some Examples:◊ Some Examples:
Chemical Properties - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
Chemical Properties - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
◊ Flammability (Combustion)◊ Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing)◊ New Substances, New Properties
◊ Flammability (Combustion)◊ Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing)◊ New Substances, New Properties
Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
◊ Some examples◊ Some examples
ElementsElements
◊ Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
◊ Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols such as C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Fe for iron, and Cu for copper.
◊ Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
◊ Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols such as C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Fe for iron, and Cu for copper.
Particles of Elements - AtomsParticles of Elements - Atoms◊ Atom – the basic particle from which all
elements are made.◊ Atom – the basic particle from which all
elements are made.
When Atoms CombineWhen Atoms Combine
◊ Chemical bond – the force of attraction between two atoms.
◊ Molecules – groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
◊ Chemical bond – the force of attraction between two atoms.
◊ Molecules – groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
CompoundsCompounds
◊ Compound – a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
◊ Chemical formula – shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.
◊ Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt)
CO2 (carbon dioxide), and
C12H22O11 (table sugar)
◊ Compound – a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
◊ Chemical formula – shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.
◊ Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt)
CO2 (carbon dioxide), and
C12H22O11 (table sugar)
MixturesMixtures
◊ Mixture – made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.
◊ Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Mixtures are not combined in a set ratio.
◊ Mixture – made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.
◊ Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Mixtures are not combined in a set ratio.
Heterogeneous MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures
◊ Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which you can see individual parts
◊ Examples:
◊ Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which you can see individual parts
◊ Examples:
Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures
◊ Homogeneous mixtures – a mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts
◊ Examples:
◊ Homogeneous mixtures – a mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts
◊ Examples:
Ways to Separate MixturesWays to Separate Mixtures
◊ Use a magnet◊ Filter the mixture◊ Use distillation◊ Evaporation
◊ Use a magnet◊ Filter the mixture◊ Use distillation◊ Evaporation
Measuring MatterMeasuring Matter
◊ Mass - the amount of matter in an object
Units: g or kg◊ Volume - the amount of space matter
occupies. Units: L, mL, and cm3
◊ Density - the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume)
Units are g/mL or g/cm3
◊ Mass - the amount of matter in an object
Units: g or kg◊ Volume - the amount of space matter
occupies. Units: L, mL, and cm3
◊ Density - the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume)
Units are g/mL or g/cm3