Chapter 9 (part 1)

Lipids and Membranes

Lipid Subclasses

Fatty acids

Fatty acid nomenclature

C1C2

C3C4

C5C6

C7C8

C9C10

C11C12

C13C14

C15C16

C17C18

O

HO

C1C2

C3C4

C5C6

C7C8

C9C10

C11C12

C13C14

CH15

C16C17

C18O

HO

Common saturated fatty acids

common name IUPAC name melting point (Co)12:0 laurate dodeconoate 4414:0 myristate tetradeconoate 5216:0 palmitate hexadeconoate 6318:0 stearate octadeconoate 7020:0 arachidate eicosanoate 7522:0 behenate docosanoate 8124:0 lignocerate tetracosanate 84

Common unsaturated fatty acids

common name IUPAC namemelting

point(Co)

16:0 palmitate hexadeconoate 6316:1 9 palmitoleate cis-9-hexadeconoate -0.5

18:0 stearate octadeconoate 7018:1 9 oleate cis-9- octadeconoate 13

18:2 9,12 linoleate cis-9,12- octadeconoate -918:3 9,12,15 linolenate cis-9,12,15- octadeconoate -17

20:0 arachidate eicosanoate 75

20:4 5,8,11,14 arachindonate cis- 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate -49

Physical Properties of Fatty

acids

18:0 18:1 18:3

70o 13o -17o

Unusual fatty acids can function analogously to unsaturated fatty

acids

Phospholipids

Common membrane phospholipids

P

O

OO

O

H

CH2

HCH2C

O O

C C OO

R1 R2

P

O

OO

O

CH2

CH2

HCH2C

O O

C C OO

R1 R2

CH2

NH3

P

O

OO

O

CH2

CH2

HCH2C

O O

C C OO

R1 R2

CH2 COO

NH3

P

O

OO

O

CH2

CH2

HCH2C

O O

C C OO

R1 R2

CH2

NH3C CH3

CH3

Phophtidate Phophatidylethanolamine Phophatidylserine Phophatidylcholine

Enzymes used to Dissect Phospholipid Structure

P

O

OO

O

X

CH2

HCH2C

O O

C C OO

R1 R2

phospholipase D

phospholipase C

phospholipase A2phospholipase A1