Charles Correa

Charles Mark Correa Charles Mark Correa

Introduction Introduction

increasing number of architects from increasing number of architects from South Asia migrate to Europe and the South Asia migrate to Europe and the United States for advanced studiesUnited States for advanced studies

combining Western rationalism and combining Western rationalism and architectural theory with vernacular architectural theory with vernacular tradition and an appreciation of the tradition and an appreciation of the need to preserve and reinvent South need to preserve and reinvent South Asia’s built heritage for a Asia’s built heritage for a postcolonial age. postcolonial age.

Biography Biography

Born in 1930 of Goan originBorn in 1930 of Goan origin University of Michigan, and then the University of Michigan, and then the

Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyTechnology

practice in Bombaypractice in Bombay - - starting in the starting in the early 1950s early 1950s

Ideas Ideas

Does not imitate the pastDoes not imitate the past Forms – indoor & outdoor spaces – Forms – indoor & outdoor spaces –

response to climateresponse to climate Overhangs, double heights, chatris – Overhangs, double heights, chatris –

most of his buildings – Le corb most of his buildings – Le corb influenceinfluence

Platforms and steps to generate Platforms and steps to generate movement –temples whereas movement –temples whereas cathedrals are closed modelscathedrals are closed models

Chatri – e.g. Gandhi Memorial museum, Chatri – e.g. Gandhi Memorial museum, Ahmedabad, handloom pavilion for the Ahmedabad, handloom pavilion for the International exhibition at DelhiInternational exhibition at Delhi

Terraces – projected out at Tara Terraces – projected out at Tara apartments, Delhi ( hot dry) but apartments, Delhi ( hot dry) but covered at Kanchenjunga Apartments covered at Kanchenjunga Apartments (humid)– climatic variation(humid)– climatic variation

Topographical form – kovalam beach Topographical form – kovalam beach resortresort

Sloped roof with vent –Tube housing, Sloped roof with vent –Tube housing, AhmedabadAhmedabad

Cable nagar township –section Cable nagar township –section stepped to reduce the roof area-to stepped to reduce the roof area-to prevent exposure to sunprevent exposure to sun

ECIL – climatic controls without air ECIL – climatic controls without air conditioningconditioning

Correa had to adjust his approach to the Correa had to adjust his approach to the socio economic conditions of the Indian socio economic conditions of the Indian society society

greatly influenced by the open to sky greatly influenced by the open to sky concepts used in temples and mogul concepts used in temples and mogul structures, appropriate to both the Indian structures, appropriate to both the Indian climate and the native way of life eg climate and the native way of life eg kanchenjunga apartments.kanchenjunga apartments.

Correa is known for the wide range of his Correa is known for the wide range of his architectural work in India and on architectural work in India and on urbanisation and low-cost shelter urbanisation and low-cost shelter

1985 publication, "The New 1985 publication, "The New Landscape" Landscape"

profoundly influenced by Le profoundly influenced by Le Corbusier’s achievements in India Corbusier’s achievements in India

Tube House developed for the Tube House developed for the Gujarat Housing Board in 1962; Gujarat Housing Board in 1962;

the Mahatma Gandhi Archive and the Mahatma Gandhi Archive and Memorial complex completed in Memorial complex completed in Ahmedabad in 1963 Ahmedabad in 1963

Parekh and Ramkrishna Houses built Parekh and Ramkrishna Houses built in Ahmedabad between 1964 and in Ahmedabad between 1964 and 1968. 1968.

National Crafts Museum, Delhi of National Crafts Museum, Delhi of 1975–90;1975–90; Bharat Bhavan Cultural Centre, Bhopal, Bharat Bhavan Cultural Centre, Bhopal,

1975–81, 1975–81, Jawahar Kala Kendra Art Centre, Jaipur, Jawahar Kala Kendra Art Centre, Jaipur,

1986–92.1986–92. Kovalam Beach Resort, Kerala, 1969–74; Kovalam Beach Resort, Kerala, 1969–74; the Kanchanjunga apartment tower, the Kanchanjunga apartment tower,

Bombay, 1970–83, Bombay, 1970–83, and the Bay Island Resort Hotel, completed and the Bay Island Resort Hotel, completed

at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands in at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands in 1982. 1982.

Permanent Indian Mission to the Permanent Indian Mission to the United Nations, New York, 1985;United Nations, New York, 1985;

British Council building in Delhi, British Council building in Delhi, 1992 1992

Vidhan Bhavan, 1980–97.Vidhan Bhavan, 1980–97. Jawahar Kala Kendra Cultural Jawahar Kala Kendra Cultural

Centre, Jaipur -1992 Centre, Jaipur -1992

Tube Tube housing,Ahmedabadhousing,Ahmedabad

Prize winner for low cost housingPrize winner for low cost housing More density – larger space for More density – larger space for

individualsindividuals Section –hot air rises and escapes Section –hot air rises and escapes

from the topfrom the top Privacy –by various levelsPrivacy –by various levels

Kanchenjunga Apartments, Kanchenjunga Apartments, Bombay (1974)Bombay (1974)

The building is a 32-The building is a 32-storeyed reinforced storeyed reinforced concrete structure with concrete structure with 6.3 m cantilevered open 6.3 m cantilevered open terraces. terraces.

The central core of 7.8 m x The central core of 7.8 m x 6.9 m houses lifts and 6.9 m houses lifts and other services and also other services and also provides the main provides the main structural element for structural element for resisting lateral loads. resisting lateral loads.

The central core was The central core was constructed ahead of the constructed ahead of the main structure by slipform main structure by slipform method of construction. method of construction.

Kanchenjunga Apartments, Kanchenjunga Apartments, Bombay (1974)Bombay (1974)

This technique was used for the first time This technique was used for the first time in India for a multi- storeyed building. in India for a multi- storeyed building.

Correa’s design for the Kanchanjunga Correa’s design for the Kanchanjunga apartments is a very interesting approach apartments is a very interesting approach to a problem architects face in India to a problem architects face in India

With the Kanchanjunga With the Kanchanjunga apartments Correa got apartments Correa got inspiration from the inspiration from the design of the bungalow, design of the bungalow, where the main living where the main living areas were protected by areas were protected by verandas and the bed verandas and the bed rooms which wrapped rooms which wrapped

around the living rooms.around the living rooms. The apartments therefore The apartments therefore

are maisonettes with a are maisonettes with a double – height garden double – height garden terrace cut out of the face terrace cut out of the face of the building. of the building.

Firstly the garden Firstly the garden provided a cooling provided a cooling effect with water effect with water evaporating from the evaporating from the surface of the leaves, surface of the leaves,

and secondly, the and secondly, the fact that the living fact that the living areas were recessed areas were recessed means that they are means that they are protected from protected from direct sunlight. direct sunlight.

Repeating the Repeating the basic interlock of 3 basic interlock of 3 and 4 bedroom and 4 bedroom looked monotonouslooked monotonous

5 and 6 bedroom 5 and 6 bedroom enriched the enriched the pattern and gave pattern and gave rhythm and energyrhythm and energy

28-story tower, 28-story tower, with its concrete with its concrete construction and construction and large areas of large areas of white panels, bears white panels, bears a strong a strong resemblance to resemblance to modern apartment modern apartment buildings in the buildings in the West. West.

Kala Academy GoaKala Academy Goa

Kala Kala AcadeAcade

my Goamy Goa

Kala academyKala academy

Centre for performing artsCentre for performing arts 1000 seat audi, OAT, BLACK BOX1000 seat audi, OAT, BLACK BOX Schools of danceSchools of dance Located near mandovi riverLocated near mandovi river

IllusionsIllusions

Walls and ceilings –illusions and Walls and ceilings –illusions and caricatures painted by Goan artist caricatures painted by Goan artist Mario mirandaMario miranda

Le corb and Mies around the cornerLe corb and Mies around the corner Auditoriums – figures on balconiesAuditoriums – figures on balconies

Navi MumbaiNavi Mumbai

Navi MumbaiNavi Mumbai (Marathi: (Marathi: नवी� मुं��बईनवी� मुं��बई) ) (erstwhile: New (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a satellite Bombay) is a satellite twin of the city of twin of the city of MumbaiMumbai, , IndiaIndia..

It is the largest planned It is the largest planned new city in the world, new city in the world, with an area of 344 km². with an area of 344 km².

Navi Mumbai lies on the Navi Mumbai lies on the mainland on the eastern mainland on the eastern seaboard of the seaboard of the Thane CreekThane Creek. .

The first post-independence The first post-independence development plan for Bombay, development plan for Bombay, formulated by the Mayer-Modak formulated by the Mayer-Modak Committee in 1948, suggested satellite Committee in 1948, suggested satellite towns to Mumbai (towns to Mumbai (then Bombaythen Bombay). ).

One of its major recommendations was One of its major recommendations was that a rail-cum-road bridge be built that a rail-cum-road bridge be built across the Thane Creek to connect across the Thane Creek to connect peninsular Bombay with the mainland. peninsular Bombay with the mainland.

By the end of the 1990s, the By the end of the 1990s, the planning authority of Navi Mumbai planning authority of Navi Mumbai initiated private participation in the initiated private participation in the developmental activity of Navi developmental activity of Navi Mumbai Mumbai

Jawahar Kal Kendra MuseumJawahar Kal Kendra Museum Jaipur, India Jaipur, India

Vidhan Bhavan, Bhopal, Vidhan Bhavan, Bhopal, IndiaIndia

It sits on a hill in the middle of the city It sits on a hill in the middle of the city three main entrances –citizens: south-three main entrances –citizens: south-

west; legislators :north-west; and VIPs : west; legislators :north-west; and VIPs : south-east. south-east.

clearly organised on two axes clearly organised on two axes nine-square mandala in its circle -nine-square mandala in its circle -

receive the different visitors -lead to a receive the different visitors -lead to a central court, the ceremonial heart of central court, the ceremonial heart of the place, from which the functional the place, from which the functional parts of the complex can be approached parts of the complex can be approached

blending traditional and modern blending traditional and modern architecture. architecture.

'Navgraha Mandala,' -instead of setting 'Navgraha Mandala,' -instead of setting within a square, a circle is used within a square, a circle is used

open-to-the-sky matrix open-to-the-sky matrix the Vidhan Sabha -Buddhist stupa at the Vidhan Sabha -Buddhist stupa at

Sanchi Sanchi the public courts -lock together the main the public courts -lock together the main

functional spaces -are covered & each is functional spaces -are covered & each is open to the sky in different ways open to the sky in different ways

the importance of the ancient notion the importance of the ancient notion of 'ritualistic pathway' in which the of 'ritualistic pathway' in which the pilgrim searches for the centre of pilgrim searches for the centre of existence through a maze-like plan existence through a maze-like plan in which the centre, the kund, is a in which the centre, the kund, is a revelation, yet at the same time a no-revelation, yet at the same time a no-thing - a sacred space open to the thing - a sacred space open to the sky. sky.

The public entrance The public entrance the formal portico the formal portico

leads to a court leads to a court luminated by a huge luminated by a huge central octagon open central octagon open to the sky to the sky

The walls -covered The walls -covered with enchanting with enchanting paintings by local paintings by local artist Jangan Singh-artist Jangan Singh-tigers, crocodiles, tigers, crocodiles, fowl, birds-becoming-fowl, birds-becoming-aeroplanes aeroplanes

The central hall.The central hall. formal -The formal -The

roof, supported roof, supported by four by four columns, has a columns, has a central central opening over a opening over a figure in the figure in the polished polished marble floor marble floor which is which is intended to intended to evoke a spiral evoke a spiral nebula. nebula.

crossing of the two crossing of the two major axes major axes

Straight. -steps down Straight. -steps down to the cabinet court, to the cabinet court,

Light washes down the Light washes down the walls from Soane-like walls from Soane-like slits between ceiling slits between ceiling and perimeter. and perimeter.

light is modulated by a light is modulated by a Iouvered brise-soleil Iouvered brise-soleil

To the left of the To the left of the central hall -open central hall -open court surrounded by court surrounded by offices for the offices for the ministers and officials. ministers and officials.

Vidhan SabhaVidhan Sabha

portal made by portal made by Yogesh Raval with Yogesh Raval with layers of kite-layers of kite-paper, pasted one paper, pasted one over another, over another, giving a feeling of giving a feeling of transparency and transparency and depth to an depth to an essentially two-essentially two-dimensional dimensional structure. structure.

Raval's portal is a Raval's portal is a metaphor for the metaphor for the building building

Ramkrishna House Ramkrishna House Ahmedabad, India Ahmedabad, India

British Council, New British Council, New Delhi, India Delhi, India

British Council Library, British Council Library, New DelhiNew Delhi

The five-storey building, with The five-storey building, with interior and exterior spaces interior and exterior spaces flowing into one another through flowing into one another through the use of courtyards, pillars and the use of courtyards, pillars and fountains, was designed to reflect fountains, was designed to reflect a conceptual progression of the a conceptual progression of the history of Indiahistory of India

The mural is constructed of small, The mural is constructed of small, rectangular, hand-cut tiles of rectangular, hand-cut tiles of white Makrana marble, and black, white Makrana marble, and black, locally quarried Cuddappah stone locally quarried Cuddappah stone - a technique often employed on - a technique often employed on Mughal buildings.Mughal buildings.

The moving shadow cast by a large The moving shadow cast by a large tree seemed an appropriate image tree seemed an appropriate image for a library and meeting place.for a library and meeting place.

Council headquarters also including Council headquarters also including a library, an auditorium, and an art a library, an auditorium, and an art gallery.gallery.

The building is set in a series of The building is set in a series of landscaped gardens and loggias, landscaped gardens and loggias, each symbolic of India's Hindu, each symbolic of India's Hindu, Muslim and European past. Muslim and European past.

The new Brain and The new Brain and Cognitive Science Complex Cognitive Science Complex

(BCS) (BCS)

BCSBCS

right smack in the middle of it are train right smack in the middle of it are train tracks, running lengthwise from northeast tracks, running lengthwise from northeast to southwest. These are surface train to southwest. These are surface train tracks and still in active use. tracks and still in active use.

This means the building had to This means the building had to accommodate freight trains rumbling accommodate freight trains rumbling through its middle twice daily without through its middle twice daily without upsetting the delicate research performed upsetting the delicate research performed inside with sensitive equipment. inside with sensitive equipment.

BCSBCS

handled the train problem by designing handled the train problem by designing the building to lift its skirt two stories the building to lift its skirt two stories high and 50 feet (15 meters) wide high and 50 feet (15 meters) wide through its center, its legs straddling through its center, its legs straddling the tracks the tracks

To mitigate the trains' low-frequency To mitigate the trains' low-frequency vibrations, the building's foundation vibrations, the building's foundation system is composed of hundreds of steel system is composed of hundreds of steel piles, driven an average depth of 110 piles, driven an average depth of 110 feet (34 meters) into bedrock. feet (34 meters) into bedrock.

Inside the Brain Inside the Brain Three different Three different

entities inhabit the entities inhabit the BCS BCS

architects needed to architects needed to give each its own give each its own sense of identity sense of identity

two public entrances: two public entrances: entries lead to entries lead to elevator lobbies, elevator lobbies, which in turn deliver which in turn deliver you to a central you to a central atrium on the third atrium on the third floor. floor.

BCSBCS At the heart of the building is a 90-foot- (27-At the heart of the building is a 90-foot- (27-

meter-) high, sun-drenched courtyard topped meter-) high, sun-drenched courtyard topped with a cable-truss-supported skylight. with a cable-truss-supported skylight.

The atrium helps to break down the barriers The atrium helps to break down the barriers between disciplines and allows for chance between disciplines and allows for chance sightings and meetings of researchers sightings and meetings of researchers throughout the BCS. throughout the BCS.

This space also allows sunlight to penetrate This space also allows sunlight to penetrate deep into the building, balancing the deep into the building, balancing the illumination obtained from the exterior walls. illumination obtained from the exterior walls.

Color in the courtyard is used sparingly but to Color in the courtyard is used sparingly but to vibrant effect, as bright yellows intensify and vibrant effect, as bright yellows intensify and then fade along the walls, lending a visual then fade along the walls, lending a visual "pulse" to the courtyard. "pulse" to the courtyard.

BCSBCS

Kovalam beach resort , Kovalam beach resort , KeralaKerala

1969-741969-74

Government to promote beach as a Government to promote beach as a resort arearesort area

Yoga, ayurvedic massage centreYoga, ayurvedic massage centre Accommodation for 300Accommodation for 300 Water sportsWater sports

Kovalam beach resortKovalam beach resort

Guest roomsGuest rooms

Edge of the beach –under the palm Edge of the beach –under the palm trees –kudils-suites with cooking trees –kudils-suites with cooking facilitiesfacilities

Main hotel for 100 guests – Main hotel for 100 guests – overlooking the beach with overlooking the beach with individual sun decksindividual sun decks

Between these two, are the Between these two, are the individual unitsindividual units

Kovalam beach resortKovalam beach resort

Cidade de GoaCidade de Goa1978 -821978 -82

Cidade de GoaCidade de Goa

Cidade de Goa –original Cidade de Goa –original name of Panajiname of Panaji

Sited on a hill side near Sited on a hill side near a beacha beach

Cultural theme of cityCultural theme of city Extroverted Extroverted

environment to be environment to be enjoyedenjoyed

Mix of portugese, Mix of portugese, hindu, muslim and hindu, muslim and contemporary western contemporary western imageryimagery

House of KadambaHouse of Kadamba Plaintain tree and Plaintain tree and

garlandsgarlands On left –house of Adhil On left –house of Adhil

khan –low diwans and silkskhan –low diwans and silks Statues of 3 Spanish Statues of 3 Spanish

warriors warriors ( conquistadore)in ( conquistadore)in conversationconversation

Beyond the lounge, an Beyond the lounge, an arcaded pedestrian street arcaded pedestrian street

With its shops starting With its shops starting with Taverna ,the with Taverna ,the courtyards and bedroom courtyards and bedroom spacesspaces

The Alfama –The Alfama –restaurant – in restaurant – in many levels –many levels –grouped around a grouped around a plazaplaza

Scatters the Scatters the facilities over the facilities over the sitesite

Buildings follow the Buildings follow the hill slopehill slope

Each room – private Each room – private terrace for sun bathterrace for sun bath

Beach centre Beach centre pavilions – bamboo pavilions – bamboo chatris – verncular- chatris – verncular- white walls, red tiles white walls, red tiles and sundecksand sundecks

Permanent Mission of India Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations ,NY to the United Nations ,NY

the red granite the red granite base topped by a base topped by a canyon red canyon red aluminum curtain aluminum curtain wall is suggestive wall is suggestive of the red of the red sandstone sandstone architecture of architecture of northern India. northern India.

Permanent Mission of India Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations ,NYto the United Nations ,NY

Twenty-eight stories high, the lower Twenty-eight stories high, the lower four floors are administrative offices four floors are administrative offices for the Chancery of the Indian for the Chancery of the Indian Government. Government.

Above this sit residential quarters Above this sit residential quarters for mission employees. for mission employees.

Correa has Correa has designed a double-designed a double-height penthouse height penthouse porch that echoes porch that echoes the Indian the Indian barsatibarsati, , used for open-air used for open-air sleeping. sleeping.

readily apparent is the grand, readily apparent is the grand, monolithic bronze entryway, monolithic bronze entryway, reinforcing Correa's reputation as an reinforcing Correa's reputation as an architect interested not only in the architect interested not only in the significance of the ancient, but also significance of the ancient, but also in the power of authority.' in the power of authority.'

Jeevan Bharti (L.I.C.), Jeevan Bharti (L.I.C.), Connaught Place, New Connaught Place, New

DelhiDelhi its glass curtain its glass curtain

walls reflecting the walls reflecting the colonial-era colonial-era buildings. buildings.

Challenging and Challenging and cocky, almost, in its cocky, almost, in its aggressive use of aggressive use of sandstone cladding sandstone cladding and the massive and the massive metal truss uniting metal truss uniting its components,its components,

Jeevan Bharti (L.I.C.), Jeevan Bharti (L.I.C.), Connaught Place, New Connaught Place, New

DelhiDelhi the fine elegance that characterises the fine elegance that characterises

Correa’s smaller, earlier work is Correa’s smaller, earlier work is missingmissing

Jeevan Bharti building continues to Jeevan Bharti building continues to be the object of debate and polemic, be the object of debate and polemic, as much for its bold use of material as much for its bold use of material as for the radical way in which it as for the radical way in which it affects its urban surroundings. affects its urban surroundings.

Charles Correa

Documents

Transcript of Charles Correa

Suresh Thimiri Talking About Charles Correa

Charles Correa: transformaciones

Architect Charles Correa

Charles Correa 2

Aalto and Charles Correa

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Charles Correa - Architect in India

Charles Correa Quest for Identity'

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