THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

IS IT ALIVE? How do you know?

In partners• List 3-5 unique living things

• Choose any 2 living things from the list on the board

• Discuss and identify at least 6 ways those 2 living things are alike

• Do the characteristics your identified apply to all living things?

Objectives for this lesson• List the 8 characteristics of all life on Earth• Give an example of each characteristic

To aid in your note taking• Vocabulary words will be in green

• As we discuss each of these characteristics, think of an example or visualize a process, don’t just memorize definitions

What is Biology?Biology is the study of living things Living things are called organisms

Organisms include bacteriaprotistsfungiplantsanimals

All Living Things…1. Are made of

cells2. Use matter &

energy3. Maintain

homeostasis4. Grow & Develop

5. Reproduce6. Have DNA7. Respond to their

environment8. AS A GROUP,

living things evolve, (change over time)

Organisms

Are made of cells

2 main cell types

prokaryotic

simpleNo nucleus

or organelles

bacteria

eukaryotic

complex Nucleus & organelles

Animals, plants, fungi,

protists

Cell Basics

Number of cells

unicellular

All bacteria Some protists & fungi

multicellular

All plants and animals, most fungi

Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells

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Organisms

Use Matter & Energy

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Cells use matter & energy

Organisms are grouped by how they get matter and energy

Autotrophs

Make their own food to get energy

Photoautotrophs use light

Chemoautotrophs use chemicals

Heterotrophs

Herbivores eat only plants

Carnivores eat only meat

Omnivores eat both plants and

animals

Consume others to get food and

energy

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Organisms

Maintain Homeostasis

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Organisms maintain

homeostasis

Ex: Dogs pant when hot to cool off

Ex: Insulin released after a meal to take

up blood sugars

Ex: Shivering when cold to create heat

Constant steady state By feedback loops

Homeostasis

• Can you come up with your own examples of how an organism maintains homeostasis?

Oraganisms

Grow & Develop

Organisms Grow & Develop

growth

More cells Cells enlarge

development

Mature to adult form

&

• Crystals of salt grow and are highly organized.

• Why don’t biologists consider them to be alive?

Organisms

Reproduce

2 types of reproduction

asexual

1 parent Offspring are clones

sexual

2 parents Offspring are unique

Organisms

Have a Genetic Code

Genetic Code

DNA

Make up cell parts

Do work in

organisms

Codes for proteins

Organisms

Respond to stimuli

Respond to environment

Temperature Gravity Light Blood sugar Viruses

In order to maintain

homeostasis

Groups of Organisms (Populations)

Evolve over time

Populations evolve over

time

Fossil record DNA evidence Homologous structures

As shown by

• Which of the following does evolution help explain?A. How organisms reproduceB. How organisms grow and developC. How organisms are related to each otherD. How organisms obtain and use energy

What answer do you think is correct? ___ Why did you pick this answer?

• Identify the characteristic (or characteristics) of life exemplified by A. The sharp spines of a porcupineB. The development of a multicellular organism from a single

fertilized eggC. A hummingbird using sugar to power its flight

Life is Organized on Several Levels

Molecules & atoms

cells

tissues

organs

Organ systems

individuals

populations

communities

ecosystems

biosphere

• Both cells and organisms share the characteristics of life. How then, are cells and organisms different?

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Work on your own• Complete the short worksheet

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Cool Down• Give an example of one of the characteristics of life that

we have not already heard today