Post on 15-Feb-2022
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Philip BerkeUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
&Jaimie Masterson, Matt Malecha and Siyu Yu
Texas A&M University
Presentation to the FEMA Plan Effectiveness CommitteeNovember 6, 2019
Characteristics, Causes and Outcomes of Plans: A Review of a Decade of DHS Supported Research on Mitigation Planning
Principles that help make plans implementable (exs. of indicators)
Direction Setting
• Vision/Goals• P1.1environment • P1.2 equity• P1.3 economic
• Fact Base• P2.1 projections of hazards• P2.2 current land use supply• P2.3 future land use needs
• Policies• P3.1 regulations • P3.2 incentives • P3.3 land acquisition • P3.4 infrastructure
• Implementation• P4.1 timeline to act• P4.2 org. responsibility• P4.3 funding
• Monitoring• P5.1 measurable indicators • P5.2 evaluation
• Inter-governmental Coordination• P6.1 info. Sharing• P6.2 inter-gov’t agreements
• Public Participation• P7.1 id. Stakeholders• P7.2 id. engagement techniques
Action-Oriented
http://mitigationguide.org/
Hazard Mitigation Plans Support for Types of Policies Means % of all Possible Policy Actions (n = 175 communities)
12.4%
50.9%
33.6% 33.5% 32.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Preventative Land Use Emergency Services Pri. Property Protection Information and Awareness Infrastructure Protection
Emergency services
Education
*High Benefit:Cost Ratios and CRS credit incentives
Source: Berke, Lyles and Smith. 2014; Lyles, Berke and Smith. 2014.
Land use*
StrengthenBuildings
Structural Controls
Social Network Analysis
Onslow County, NC (rare)Martin County, FL (common)
Stove Piping Implementation of Hazard Mitigation Plans
• >60% of communities are coordinating implementation of mitigation plans with emergency management functions.• preparedness, response, recovery
• <30% of communities are coordinating implementation of mitigation plans with non-emergency management functions • land-use, infrastructure, transportation, housing, conservation
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Portland Road
New Road
Grand Tour
Chestnut Street
LightHouseRoadTwinLight
HillsideA
venue
Peak Street
Oak
BayStreet
W
oodlandProspect Street
North Peak Street
ValleyAvenue
Mo
u
ntainStreet
Highland Avenue
NewJersey State Highway
3 6
Miller Street
Shore Drive
Valley Avenue
Second Street
CedarS
treet
Holly St.Fourth Street
Fifth Street Point St.
North S
treet
Cornw
ell S
treet
Avenue
Center A
venue
Jackson
John St
BayAvenue
Bay Avenue
Shore Drive
Bay Avenue
Shore Drive
Locust
Will
ow
BaysideDrive
Ring M
athews
Mar
ie S
t.
Linden Avenue
Ralph Street
Laurel Drive
Ocean Avenue
BeachBoulevard
Central Avenue
Snug Harbor Avenue
Marine Place
Recreation Place
Cheerful Place
Water W
itch Avenue
Huddy Avenue
Washington Avenue
Barberie Avenue
Sea Drift Avenue
Atlantic Street
Water W
itch Drive
Rogers Street
Waddell Street
Linden Avenue
Shrewsbury
36
8B
100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN MAP
Highlands Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey
Figure LU-4
October 20041"-1000'
FIGURE LU-4
100 YEAR FLOODPLAIN MAP
Atlantic
Highlands
Middletown
Gateway National
Recreation Area
Sea B
right
KEY
100 Year Floodplain
500 Year Floodplain
Outside the Floodplain
36
8B
0' 1,000'500'
NJ Municipality: Before Hurricane Sandy: Opposing Intentions?
100-year floodplain &Severe repetitive loss designation
CONCEPT PLAN MAP
Highlands Borough, Monmouth County, New Jersey
Figure LU-6
October 20041"-1000'
FIGURE LU-6
CONCEPT PLAN M AP
Atlantic
Highlands
Middletown
Gateway National
Recreation Area
Se
a B
rig
ht
KEY
✱
!
Potential Gateway Redevelopment Area
Potential CBD Redevelopment Area
Potential Waterfront Redevelopment Areas
County Park
Focal Point Locations
Gateway Treatments
Waterfront Gateway Treatments
Potential Municipal/Public Use
Public Fishing Piers
Twin Lights National Landmark
Rt. 36 Bridge
Heritage Trail
Waterfront Connection
0' 1,000'500'
✱
✱
!
$
✱
Portland Road
New Road
Grand Tour
Chestnut Street
LightHouseRoadTwinLight
HillsideA
venue
Peak Street
Oak
BayStreet
W
oodlandProspect Street
North Peak Street
ValleyAvenue
Mo
u
ntainStreet
Highland Avenue
NewJersey State Highway
3 6
Miller Street
Shore Drive
Valley Avenue
Second Street
CedarS
treet
Holly St.Fourth Street
Fifth Street Point St.
North S
treet
Cornw
ell S
treet
Avenue
Center A
venue
Jackson
John St
BayAvenue
Bay Avenue
Shore Drive
Bay Avenue
Shore Drive
Locust
Will
ow
BaysideDrive
Ring M
athews
Mar
ie S
t.
Linden Avenue
Ralph Street
Laurel Drive
Ocean Avenue
BeachBoulevard
Central Avenue
Snug Harbor Avenue
Marine Place
Recreation Place
Cheerful Place
Water W
itch Ave.
Huddy Ave.
Washington Avenue
Barberie Avenue
Sea Drift Avenue
Atlantic Street
Water W
itch Drive
Rogers Street
Waddell Street
Linden Avenue
Shrewsbury
8B
8B
36
36
Hazard Mitigation Plan:Blue Zone Repetitive Flood Loss
Comprehensive Plan: Purple/Tan Zones Economic Revitalization
Objectives:
1. To spatially evaluate the coordination of local networks of plans at the neighborhood scale.
2. To spatially assess the degree to which the network of plans targets areas most physically and socially vulnerable.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Comprehensive Plan
Transportation Plan
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Park and Open Space Plan
∑ ∥
Policy Score for Each Plan Composite Policy Score
8The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill DHS Summit, Washington, DC July 31, 2019
Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard(Physical Vulnerability)
Phase 3The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Phase 1Delineate districts and hazard zones
Phase 2Determine vulnerability
Score plans
Source: Berke, P. et al. 2015
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Technical Assistance Tasks:1) Score plan integration2) Assess social & physical vulnerability3) Identify conflicts and opportunities
Participatory Tasks:1) Partner communities: contribute staff time, GIS data2) Staff participate in training sessions3) Self-evaluate plans, seek public input, draft revisions
A New Tool for Translating Research to Practice
Website: http://mitigationguide.org/scorecard-guidebook/
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Norfolk, VAIntegrate hazard mitigation planRectify unjust distribution of mitigation policiesGuide preparation of comprehensive plan
Nashua, NHDeep engagement - raise awareness, enjoyableFact base for new resilience planCreate crosswalk: Resilience Scorecard + NIST Planning Guide
TX Sea Grant Community Resilience CollaborativePort of Corpus Christi Authority: regional port expansionRockport: prepare comprehensive plan to guide recoveryHouston: track plans after Harvey in neighborhoods
New York RisingStatewide resilience planning
Community Experience: Application of Resilience Scorecard
Norfolk: King Tide©Will Parson, Chesapeake Bay Program, 2015.
Motivating Communities: Lessons Learned
• Equip people with knowledge, not just data• Leverage leaders• Make it enjoyable, positive• Make it practical, user friendly• Nudge, don’t shove
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard – Global Applications
NijmegenDordrecht
Rotterdam
Boston, MAAsbury Park, NJ
Norfolk, VAWashington, NC
Ft. Lauderdale, FLTampa, FL
League City, TX
Houston, TX
Nashua, NH
Changsha
GuangzhouShenzhen
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Integrate Resilience Scorecard into APA’s existing planning tools and web-based platforms.
• Adapt the Resilience Scorecard training resources into APA’s well-established delivery methods to reach a broad audience.
• Provide technical assistance to develop a national cadre of trained practitioners as they work with communities.
• Establish a sustainable funding base.
Next Steps:
Thank You