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chemistry

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Describing Chemical Reactions

On May 6, 1937, the huge airship Hindenburg erupted into a fireball. Within a short time, 210,000 cubic meters of hydrogen had burned and the airship was destroyed. The chemical reaction that occurred is “hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce water.” You will learn to represent this chemical reaction by a chemical equation.

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

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Writing Chemical Equations

Writing Chemical Equations

How do you write a word equation?

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Word Equations

To write a word equation, write the names of the reactants to the left of the arrow separated by plus signs; write the names of the products to the right of the arrow, also separated by plus signs.

Reactant + Reactant Product + Product

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Methane + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

iron + oxygen iron(III) oxide

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Hydrogen Peroxide Water and Oxygen

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Chemical Equations

A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products (on the right).

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

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Writing Chemical Equations

How do you write a skeleton equation?

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Write the formulas of the reactants to the left of the yields sign (arrow) and the formulas of the products to the right.

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

A skeleton equation is a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products.

Here is the equation for rusting:

Fe + O2 Fe2O3

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction.

Without Catalyst With Catalyst

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Writing Chemical Equations

Animation 12

Relate chemical symbols and formulas to the information they communicate.

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 11.1

Problem Solving 11.2 Solve Problem 2 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Describing Chemical Reactions

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing Chemical Equations

What are the steps in writing a balanced chemical equation?

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Balancing Chemical Equations

To write a balanced chemical equation, first write the skeleton equation. Then use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Balancing Chemical Equations

This is a balanced equation for making a bicycle. The numbers are called coefficients—small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it.

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Balancing Chemical Equations

A chemical reaction is also described by a balanced equation in which each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved.

11.1

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Describing Chemical Reactions

> Balancing Chemical Equations

Simulation 11

Sharpen your skills by balancing chemical equations.

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 11.2

Problem Solving 11.4 Solve Problem 4 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 11.2

Problem Solving 11.6 Solve Problem 6 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 11.1.

11.1 Section Quiz.

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11.1 Section Quiz.

1. Propane gas reacts with oxygen to produce water vapor and carbon dioxide. Choose the correct word equation for this reaction.

a. propane + carbon dioxide water + oxygen

b. propane + oxygen + water carbon dioxide

c. propane + oxygen + water + carbon dioxide

d. propane + oxygen water + carbon dioxide

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2. Which of the following is a skeleton equation?

a. H2 + CO CH3OH

b. 2H2 + CO CH3OH

c. 2H2 + CO2 CH3OH

d. hydrogen + carbon monoxide methanol

11.1 Section Quiz.

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3. What coefficient for H2SO4 is required to balance the following equation?

Ca3(PO4)2 + ____ H2SO4 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

11.1 Section Quiz.

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