RUSSIA: REFORM AND REACTION

Chapter 7 Section 5

Conditions in Russia

Rigid social structureLandowning noblesVery small middle classMajority of Russians are serfs

Tsar ruled with absolute power

Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution

Crimean War

Russia attacks Ottoman EmpireTries to get land along Black Sea

Britain and France help Ottomans defeat Russia

War shows Russia’s weakness

Freeing the Serfs

1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Freeing the Serfs

1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Former serfs had to buy land

Freeing the Serfs

1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Former serfs had to buy land Peasants did not have money Lands were too small to be useful

Freeing the Serfs

1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Former serfs had to buy land Peasants did not have money Lands were too small to be useful Peasants remained poor

Freeing the Serfs

1861 - Alexander II issues emancipation of all serfs

Former serfs had to buy land Peasants did not have money Lands were too small to be useful Peasants remained poor Many peasants moved to the cities

Introducing Other Reforms Established local governments Trial by jury Eased censorship Reduced military service requirements

Revolutionary Currents

Revolutionaries still wanted more March 13, 1881 – Alexander II is

assassinated

Church of the Savior on BloodBuilt by

Alexander III

Monuments to Alexander II

Previewing Question

How do you think Alexander III responded?

Alexander III

Repealed many reformsIncreased secret policeRestored strict

censorshipExiled critics to SiberiaPersecuted all non-

Russians

Persecution and Pogroms Persecution of Jews increased

Limited number of Jews able to go to universities and work in certain jobs

PogromsViolent mob attacks on Jewish people

RefugeesPeople who flee homeland

Pogroms

Drive to Industrialize

Nicholas II urges industrialization Builds Trans-Siberian railroad Nobles and peasants feared change and

opposed industrialization Living conditions deteriorated

Socialist ideas spread through slums

Trans-Siberian Railway

Turning Point: Crisis and Revolution

Russo-Japanese War - 1904

Russia is defeated by Japan Largest country in the world defeated by

an island Russia is humiliated

Question

How do you think the Russian people felt about industrialization and the Tsar after the Russo-Japanese War?

Bloody Sunday – January 22, 1905 People are outraged over news of

defeat Marchers assembled outside Winter

Palace (Peaceful)Tsar was scared and fled

Soldiers open fire on masses

Check for Understanding

What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people?

Check for Understanding

What effect might Bloody Sunday have on the relationship between the Tsar and the people?Bloody Sunday killed the people’s faith and

trust in the Tsar

Revolution of 1905

Russia broke out into revolution Nicholas II created the Duma

Elected national legislature Nicholas would be last Tsar