Post on 17-Jan-2018
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Chapter 7: Cell Structure & Function
7.1 & 7.2
Discovering the CellFor a long time, we didn’t know cells existed.They were too small to see with the naked eye!
What invention changed this?
Discovering the Cell
The invention of the microscope changed how we look at living things
We use a compound light microscope.
Can see the Cell Membrane & NucleusCan not study internal structures of organelles
Electron Microscope
Discovery of the Cell
Robert Hooke: saw a honeycomb structure when examining cork under the microscope
Named these structures cells, meaning “storage rooms”
Discovery of the cell
Van Leeuwenhoek
Observed microorganisms in pond water, tooth scrapings, and saliva
Cell Theory
Three parts
Cells are the smallest/basic units of lifeAll living things are made up of cellsAll cells come from preexisting cells
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory
Levels
Macromolecules (last unit)Organelle (cell parts such as the nucleus or mitochondria)CellTissueOrganSystemsOrganism
smallest
biggest
Different cell categories
Prokaryote: cell without a nucleus or most organelles
Ex. bacteria
Eukaryote: cell with a nucleus and organelles
Ex. animal cell
2 types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Plant
Cell Membrane• Controls what enters and exits the cell• Made of phospholipids bilayer
Nucleus• Only in a eukaryotic cell• “Boss” controls the cell• Stores & Protects the DNA
Cytoplasm• “Jelly” that holds cell structures in place
Mitochondria• “Power House”• Make ATP energy source• CELL RESPIRATION
Cell Respiration
Converts chemical energy in food to usable energy in the form of
ATP
Ribosome• Make Proteins• Found Free or Attached
to the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Manufactures (aka makes) important substances for
the cell.• Helps the Ribosome!
• Rough ER Ribosomes attached to it
• Smooth ER
• Found outside of the nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
• Packages & Ships substances produced by the cell
Lysosome
• Digests/Breaks down waste, old parts, foreign substances & recycles them.
• Rarely found in plants cells.
Centrioles
Important for cell division!Help to organize & move chromosomes during mitosis.Mainly found in animal cells
Cilia and Flagella
• Cilia– Look like hair
• Flagella– A tail
Plants Cell
• Plant cells have a few differences!– Cell Wall
– Large Vacuoles– Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
• Rigid Helps support, shape & protect the cell• Made of Cellulose
Vacuole
• Fluid filled sac• Stores enzymes,
waste, & water• Also found in
animal cells but they are much smaller
Chloroplast
• Stores pigments that convert sunlight to cell energy photosynthesis!