Post on 11-Jan-2016
Chapter 4
Newton’s First Law of Migration:The Gravity Model
Places are connected through spatial interaction
ideas
information
money
products
people(p. 88)
Figure 4.1 (p. 89)
Migration
A permanent change in residence to outside one’s
community of origin.
Occurs at various spatial scales:
rural-to-urban
urban-to-urban
global (between countries)
Factors of Place Desirability
(p. 88)
Less-desirable places
More-desirable places
remittances
immigration = migration across an international border
refugees immigrate unwillingly due to persecution in their home country
(a PUSH factor)
PUSH factorsPULL factors
other
better job
pleasant physical setting
affordable housing
desirable climate
proximity to family
high housing costs
traffic gridlock
rising crime rates
high tax rates
poor climate
undesirable job
Migrant Selectivity
Figure 4.2 (p. 90)
Distance Decay
Figure 4.3 (p. 91)
Migration Streams
Figure 4.4 (p. 92)
Migration Streams&
Counterstreams
Figure 4.5 (p. 93)
Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of
Persons Born in Cuba
Ten Largest Domestic Migration Streams of
Persons Born in Mexico
Gravity Model
(p. 95)
Figure 4.6 (p. 95)
Migration to California
Mobility
• Part of American experience
• Mobility is high in developed countries with immigrant background
• Migration in the past as a predictor of future migration.
U.S. Mobility Rates
Figure 4.8 (p. 98)
Largest interstate migration streams
Figures 4.9 (p. 99)
Net migration rates by stateFigures 4.10 (p. 99)
• Regional and sub-regional shifts in population
• Net migration
• Migration patterns reflect:- location of states- historical patterns of movement- changing economic geography- perceptions about places
Name That Key Term
A person who is outside his or her country due to a well-founded fear of persecution and who is unable or unwilling to return.
Refugee
A permanent change in residence to outside one’s community of origin. Migration
A move across international borders.
Movements of ideas, information, money, products, and people between places. Spatial Interaction
Immigration
A well-defined migration channel from a specific origin to a particular destination. Migration Stream
Migration that runs opposite to a migration stream. Migration Counterstream
Reasons to move from a particular place. Push Factors
Reasons to move to a particular place. Pull Factors
The percentage gain or loss of population due to migration. It is calculated as in-
migrants minus out-migrants divided by the total population, all times 100.
Positive numbers indicate net gain; negative numbers indicate net loss.
Net Migration Rate
The tendency for certain types of people to migrate. Age, education, and other sociodemographic characteristics are
________ ________ factors.
Migration Selectivity
Money sent by immigrants from host country to home country. Remittances
A model to predict spatial interaction, where size (population) is directly
related to interaction and distance is inversely related to interaction.
Gravity Model
The declining intensity of an activity with increasing distance from its point of origin.
Distance Decay