Chapter 24: Chemistry of Coordination Compounds Properties -Electron Configuration -Formation of Ions -Metals (ex Cu) reduce H+ -Atomic Radii and density r4d ≈≈≈≈ r5d -color -magnetic properties Types of Compounds -Simple Salts, Oxides and

Hydroxides -Coordination Compound Coordination Compound (Complex)- a compound in which a metal or ion is bonded to one or more atoms, molecules, or anions complex = metal + ligand ligand-the group bound to the central metal atom or ion. (Lewis base)

Determine ox state of metal in: Cr(H2O)5Cl2+ Cr(H2O)4Cl2+ NiCl42- Ni(H2O)6

2+ Types of Ligands: monodentate (one point of attachment)

polydentate (more than one point of attachment) (chelating ) bi (2) tri (3) tetra (4) penta (5) hexa (6)

Porphyrin ligands (very common biologically)

myogobin/hemoglobin

Chlorophyll

Fe sequestering agents in nature

Coordination Number- the number of ligands (donor atoms) attached to the central metal ion of a complex Geometries (Rev. Chap 9) CN hybrid. geometry !!!!2 sp linear 3 sp2 trig. plan. !!!!4 sp3 tetrahedral dsp2 square plan.

5 dsp3 trig. bipyram. or

square pyramidal !!!!6 d2sp3 octahedral

The bond angles for CN of 2 (180), 4( 109 Td or 90/180 SP), and 6 (90/180) that are commonly encountered in coordination chemistry. Isomers- two compounds of the same formula but different arrangement of atoms.

Structural-different connection sequence (Linkage and Coordination Sphere) Linkage Example

Coordination Example Stereoisomerism-same connection sequence but different arrangement in space.(Geometric/Diastere

omers and Optical/Enantiomers) Geometric isomers (cis/trans, fac/mer) Pt(NH3)2Cl2

Are there cis and trans isomers of Co(en)2Cl2+

Is there more than one isomer of Cr(NH3)3Br3 Optical Isomers-non superimposable mirror images. Common to vast majority of biomolecules

Bonding in Complexes can be explained by Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field Theory (CFT) or Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) Remember Trans metal complexes differ from main group in magnetic properties and color

Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetic- a substance with no unpaired electrons Paramagnetic- a substance with unpaired electrons Ferromagnetic-an extreme form of paramagnetism (Permanent magnets, Fe, Co, Ni) Explain bonding in Co(CN)6

3- (no unpaired

electrons) and Co(F)63- (4

unpaired electrons) by VBT. Both are Oh, d2sp3 CFT- a bonding theory which examines the repulsive interactions between ligands and "d" orbitals

How many unpaired electrons in d1 � d10 cases

For d4 � d7 Oh there is a choice, HS or LS High Spin (HS) an electron configuration that has the maximum number of unpaired electrons ∆ < PE Low Spin (LS) an electron configuration that has the minimum number of unpaired electrons ∆> PE

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in the following complexes. Fe(H2O)6

3+ HS (5 unpaired) Fe(CN)6

3- LS (1 unpaired)

Co(NH3)6

2+ HS (3 unpaired) Mn(CN)6

3- LS (2 unpaired) Color in transition metal complexes is due to d-d transitions. Removes certain wavelengths of light and transmits others

Spectrochemical Series is an ordering of ligands on size of ∆: C > N > O > F What is the color of the following? (Red)

104 Test 5 Review Sheet

Chap 21 -symbols for isotopes and subatomic particles -belt of stability -modes of radioactive decay -balance nuclear equations -Rate of 1st order decay integrated equation half life -mass defect and nuclear binding energy -fission and fusion Chap 24 -NO NOMENCLATURE OF SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS -ox state, electron configuration, and coordination number, Hybridization (VBT), and Geometry of metal in complexes -Types of ligands, monodentate and polydentate -Isomers Structural(Coordination and Linkage) Stereoisomer(Geometric and Optical) -Crystal Field Theory for Octahedral Complexes Predict # of unpaired electrons (High Spin / Low Spin) Chap 25 -NO NOMENCLATURE OF SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS -Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics -Hybridization, Shape, and Bond angle -Reactions Combustion(all) Substitution(Alkanes and Aromatics) Addition(Alkenes and Alkynes) -Functional Groups (Table 25.4) -Condensation Reactions of Carboxylic acids( esters and amides) -Biomolecules Proteins (polymers of amino acids)

Carbohydrates(polymers of sugars) Nucleic Acids(polymers of 5C sugar, phosphoric acid, and organic base)