Post on 01-Jan-2016
CHAPTER 8 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHAPTERS 22, 23, and 24PLANTSChapter 22: Plant Diversity
Question of the Day APR 28EOC REVIEWThe first plants evolved from
A. Red algaeB. Green algaeC. Brown algaeD. Golden algaeAGENDA APR 28Objectives: Describe what plants need to survive. Explain the life cycle of a bryophyte.
1. EOC REVIEW2. Chapter 21 FUNGI Homework Check3. Chapter 22 Plant Diversity4. Review and Homework22-1 Intro to PlantsPlants are multicellular eukaryotes.
Cells walls made of cellulose.
Multicellular embryos.
PhotosynthesisChlorophyll a and bLife Cycle and SurvivalSporophyte diploid phase (2N)Spore producing plantGametophyte haploid phase (N)produces gametes
Basic NeedsSunlight, Water, Minerals, Gas ExchangeMovement of Water and Nutrients
EOC REVIEW DO NOW Apr 29What is the Cell Cycle?
What are the two main stages of the Cell Cycle?
What events occur during each stage?
AGENDA APR 29Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different types of plant life.
1. EOC REVIEW2. Chapter 22 Plant Diversity Continued3. Plants Question Packet4. Review and HomeworkPacket DUE THURSDAY May 1Overview of PlantsFirst plants evolved from multicellular green algae
Four GROUPS 1. Mosses2. Ferns3 Features3. Conifers4. FloweringWater-conducting tissuesSeedsFlowers
22-2 BryophytesMosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Require water for reproduction
No vascular tissuesWater taken in by osmosis Very low to ground
Rhizoids root like structuresLong thin cells draw up water and minerals
Gemmae small, multicellular reproductive structures
22-3 Seedless Vascular PlantsSpecialized to conduct water and nutrients through plant
XYLEM specialized tissue to transport water up the plant made of tracheids.
PHLOEM tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates.
Both can move materials against the force of gravity.
LIGNIN makes cell walls rigidPlants grow uprightFerns, Club Mosses, and HorsetailRoots absorb water and mineralsLeaves photosynthetic organsStems support structures carry water and nutrients
Club Mosses Horsetails
Ferns
22-4: Seed PlantsGYMNOSPERMS Bear seeds on cones
ANGIOSPERMS flowering plants bear seeds within tissue.
DO NOT REQUIRE WATER for fertilizationFlowers or conesTransfer of sperm by pollinationProtection of embryos in seeds
Question of the Day APR 30EOC REVIEWIn fruit flies, red eyes are dominant to white eyes and long wings are dominant to short wings. Cross a fly with white eyes that is heterozygous for long wings with a fly that is heterozygous for both traits. Construct a Punnett Square to determine all of the possible genotypes, phenotypes, and their genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Be organized and neat.AGENDA APR 30Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different types of plant life.
1. EOC REVIEW2. Chapter 22 Plant Diversity Continued3. Plants Question Packet4. Review and HomeworkPacket DUE THURSDAY May 1Mystery of Loch Ness Monster Solved?!?Why is it very unlikely that the Loch Ness monster is/was a plesiosaur?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUizJkymQYc
Reproductive PartsCones and flowers seed-bearing sporophyte structuresGametophytes live inside
Pollination transfer of pollen by wind, insects, animals.
Seeds contain embryosProtection and food supply
22-5: AngiospermsFlowers are reproductive organs.
Contain ovaries surround and protect seeds
Seeds produced within ovaries
Ovaries mature into fruits
Fruits aid in the dispersion of seeds
CHAPTER 23ROOTS, STEMS, and LEAVES23-1: Specialized Tissues in Plants Three Principal Organs of Seed Plants
1. ROOTS absorbs water and dissolved nutrients
2. STEMS support system for the plant body
3. LEAVES main photosynthetic systemsPlant Tissue SystemsDermal tissue single layer of epidermal skin cellsThick waxy cuticle protects against water loss and injury
Vascular tissue transports water and nutrientsXylemPhloem
Ground tissue cells between dermal and vascularParenchymaCollenchyma SclerenchymaGrowth and Meristematic TissueMost plants produce new cells for as long as they liveIndeterminate growth at tips of roots and stems
Meristems responsible for growth
New cells produced in meristematic tissue are not specialized.
What is differentiation?
Apical Meristems
23-2 ROOTSTaproot long thick primary rootSmall secondary roots
Fibrous root large cluster of roots all of the same size.
Mature roots have an epidermis layer (skin), ground tissue, and central vascular tissue.Question of the DAY May 2Tracheids and vessel elements make up
A. PhloemB. MeristemC. XylemD. TrichocystsAGENDA MAY 2Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different types of plant life.
1. EOC REVIEW2. Chapter 23: More PLANTS!3. Plants Question Packet4. Review and HomeworkCHAPTER 23 Packet DUE MONDAYSTUDY YOUR NOTES PLANTS TEST NEXT WEEKWEDNESDAY Root Functions1. Anchor plants to the ground2. Absorb nutrients and water
Active transport required to take in minerals from soil
Root pressure required to move or push water up through the xylem to other parts of the plant.22-3 STEMSThree major functions
1. Produce leaves, branches, and flowers.
2. hold leaves up to sunlight
3. transport substances between roots and leaves
Primary Growth Increase in stem lengthOccurs in apical meristemSecondary Growth Increase in stem widthLateral meristemOccurs in vascular cambium and cork cambiumDO NOW Monocots and Dicotshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHp_voyo7MY
Monocot StemDicot StemVascular bundles scatteredArranged inThroughout stemorganized, ringlikepatterns
23-4: LeavesAbsorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis
Blades thin flattened sections collect sunlight
Petioles attach leaves to the stem
Cuticle and epidermal cellsProtection and prevents evaporation of water
Leaf FunctionsPhotosynthesis occurs in mesophyll - specialized ground tissue.
Stomata pore-like openings that allow CO2 and O2 into/out of cell.
Guard cells control opening and closing of stomataOperate in pairsLocated in epidermisRespond to changes in H2O pressure
Guard Cells and StomataStomata open during daytimeClosed at night.Transpiration water loss through a plants leaves
23-5: Transport in PlantsWater transport requires enough force to move water through xylemRoot pressureCapillary actionTranspiration
Adhesion the attraction of water molecules with unlike moleculesH2O forms hydrogen bonds
Capillary action is the attraction of water to the walls of a tube water climbs higher in thinner tubes
Plant Nutrition and Transporthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsY8j8f54I0AGENDA MAY 5Objectives: Investigate the forces that allow plants to move water and nutrients. Describe the basic structure of a flower.
1. Continue notes on Plants2. All Notes and Study Guides posted on my webpage3. CHAPTER TEST on WEDNESDAY MAY 7Chapters 22, 23, and 24STUDY!!!Transpirational Pullhttp://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=capillary+action+in+plants&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=77E77D50E65926CABBBE77E77D50E65926CABBBE
Water is high = Open StomataExcess water lost through transpirationWater is low = H2O pressure dropGuard cells close stomataPressure-Flow HypothesisNutrients pumped into or removed from PHLOEM
Change in concentration of fluid also occursSame direction
Nutrients move from a high concentration SOURCE low concentration SINK
ROOT LEAF OR LEAF ROOTCHAPTER 24Reproduction of Seed Plants24-1 Reproduction with cones and flowersAlternation of Generations
Sporophyte (2N) alternates with Gametophyte (N)Gametophytes produce egg and spermForm a diploid zygoteZygote begins a Sporophyte generation
IN SEED PLANTSGametophytes hidden within tissues of sporophytes24-1 Structure of FlowersFour specialized kinds of leavesSepals enclose bud and protect flowerPetals attract pollinatorsStamensPistils or Carpels
Stamen anther and filamentAnther place where meiosis occurs male gametophytes
Pistil or Carpel produces female gametophytesOvaries contain ovulesStigma is a sticky part where pollen lands
Parts of a Flower PAGE 612
Parts of a Flowerhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHp_voyo7MY
10:5024-1 Life CyclesGymnospermsReproduction takes place in conesProduced by mature sporophytesPollen cones are male and Seed cones are female
AngiospermsReproduction takes place in the flowerDouble fertilization1. sperm and egg produce zygote new plant (2N)2. sperm and two polar nuclei form endosperm (3N)Food source for seedling as it begins to grow
24-2 Seed and Fruit DevelopmentFollowing fertilizationEmbryo grows within seed As seeds mature, ovary walls thicken to form fruit
Fruits are ant seeds that are enclosed within embryo walls.Applies to fruits and vegetablesEvolutionary change that enables seeds to be consumed