Chapter 20 Chapter 20 Section 1 Review Section 1 Review

Page 500Page 500

1. Describe how water 1. Describe how water temperature affects the temperature affects the

ability of the ocean ability of the ocean water to dissolve gases.water to dissolve gases.

Warmer water is less able to Warmer water is less able to dissolve gases than cooler water.dissolve gases than cooler water.

(Think of a warm vs. cold soda)(Think of a warm vs. cold soda)

2. Summarize how freezing 2. Summarize how freezing and evaporation affect and evaporation affect

salinity.salinity.

They can increase salinity. As They can increase salinity. As water freezes or evaporates the water freezes or evaporates the salts are left in the water. salts are left in the water.

3. Describe the composition 3. Describe the composition of ocean water.of ocean water.

Ocean water is a mixture of Ocean water is a mixture of water, dissolved solids (such as water, dissolved solids (such as chlorine and sodium), and gases chlorine and sodium), and gases (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide).carbon dioxide).

Salts in Ocean WaterSalts in Ocean Water

4. Define thermocline.4. Define thermocline.

A layer in a body of water in A layer in a body of water in which the temperature drops which the temperature drops faster with increased depth than faster with increased depth than it does in other layers.it does in other layers.

ThermoclineThermocline

5. Describe how 5. Describe how temperature and salinity temperature and salinity

affect the density of affect the density of ocean water.ocean water.

Ocean water becomes denser as Ocean water becomes denser as temperature decreases and temperature decreases and salinity increases.salinity increases.

Density vs. DepthDensity vs. Depth

6. Explain how the density 6. Explain how the density of ocean water drives the of ocean water drives the movement of deep ocean movement of deep ocean

currents.currents.

Cold, salty, dense water at the Cold, salty, dense water at the poles sinks and flows beneath poles sinks and flows beneath warmer less dense water that is warmer less dense water that is near the equator.near the equator.

Deep Ocean CurrentsDeep Ocean Currents

Ocean currents Ocean currents surface/deepsurface/deep

7. Explain why shallow 7. Explain why shallow ocean water appears to ocean water appears to

be blue in color.be blue in color.

When sunlight penetrates the When sunlight penetrates the ocean, the ocean water reflects ocean, the ocean water reflects the wavelengths of blue light and the wavelengths of blue light and absorbs all other colors.absorbs all other colors.

8. Why does the surface 8. Why does the surface temperature of ocean temperature of ocean

water in middle latitudes water in middle latitudes vary during the year?vary during the year?

The amount of incoming solar The amount of incoming solar radiation varies greatly from radiation varies greatly from season to season in these season to season in these latitudes.latitudes.

9. Why would surface water 9. Why would surface water in the North Sea be more in the North Sea be more likely to contain a higher likely to contain a higher percentage of dissolved percentage of dissolved gases than the surface gases than the surface water in the Caribbean water in the Caribbean

Sea?Sea? Surface waters in the North Sea Surface waters in the North Sea are colder and colder water can are colder and colder water can hold more dissolved gases than hold more dissolved gases than warmer water.warmer water.

10. If global temperatures 10. If global temperatures increase, how would this increase, how would this change affect the ability change affect the ability of oceans to absorb COof oceans to absorb CO22??

Warmer water cannot hold as Warmer water cannot hold as much dissolved gas as colder much dissolved gas as colder water so more COwater so more CO22 would would accumulate in the atmosphere.accumulate in the atmosphere.

11. If an area of the ocean 11. If an area of the ocean has a large decrease in has a large decrease in

phytoplankton, how phytoplankton, how would this change affect would this change affect

other organisms? other organisms? Explain your answer.Explain your answer. Phytoplankton are at the bottom of the Phytoplankton are at the bottom of the

food chain so a decrease in the amount food chain so a decrease in the amount of phytoplankton would have a negative of phytoplankton would have a negative impact on all ocean life. There could impact on all ocean life. There could be a decrease in the number of ocean be a decrease in the number of ocean organisms.organisms.

12. Use the following terms 12. Use the following terms to create a concept map: to create a concept map:

ocean water, salinity, ocean water, salinity, temperature, density, dissolved temperature, density, dissolved solids, and dissolved gases.solids, and dissolved gases.

OCEAN WATER

OCEAN WATER

DISSOLVED GASES

OCEAN WATER

DISSOLVED GASES DISSOLVED SOLIDS

OCEAN WATER

DISSOLVED GASES DISSOLVED SOLIDS

SALINITY

OCEAN WATER

DISSOLVED GASES DISSOLVED SOLIDS

SALINITY

TEMPERATURE

OCEAN WATER

DISSOLVED GASES DISSOLVED SOLIDS

SALINITY

TEMPERATURE

DENSITY

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