Post on 01-Oct-2021
Past Time
Preview
2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past
2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs
2-3 Forms of the simple past: be
2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings
2-5 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms
2-6 The principal parts of a verb
2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list
2-8 The simple past and the past progressive
2-9 Forms of the past progressive
2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses
2-11 Expressing past habit: used to
Content
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PRESENT TENSE
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
Alada rides the bus to work.
Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.
Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
PAST TENSE
PRESENT TENSE
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
We graduated from college in 2007.
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours
last Wednesday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours
last Wednesday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
activities or situations
SIMPLE PAST began and ended in past
(yesterday, last night, in 2007)
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours
last Wednesday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(c) They watched the movie last night.
(d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
watch
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(c) They watched the movie last night.
(d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
+ed = watchedanswer +ed = answered
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday.
THE SIMPLE PAST
Irregular past:
sleep slept
understand understood
eat ate
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
THE SIMPLE PAST
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(g) I was a lifeguard last summer.
(h) They were in Belgium last month.
THE SIMPLE PAST
Simple past forms of be was and were
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
(g) I was a lifeguard last summer.
(h) They were in Belgium last month.
THE SIMPLE PAST
We started school last week.
2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They
started school last week.
2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
STATEMENT
NEGATIVE
I-You-She-He-It-We-They
started school last week.
I-You-She-He-It-We-They
did not start school last week.
2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
QUESTION I-you-she-he-it-we-they
start school last week?
Did
2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
QUESTION
SHORT
ANSWER
I-you-she-he-it-we-they
start school last week?
Did
I-you-she-he-it-we-they did.Yes,
I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t.No,
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
She was sick last Monday.
STATEMENT
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
I-She-He-It was home last week.
We-You-They were home last week.
STATEMENT
NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week.
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
I-She-He-It was home last week.
We-You-They were home last week.
We-You-They were not home last
week.
QUESTIONI-she-he-it home last week?Was
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
QUESTIONI-she-he-it home last week?Was
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it was.
we-you-they were.
Yes,
Yes,
I-she-he-it- wasn’t.
we-you-they weren’t.
No,
No,
QUESTIONI-she-he-it home last week?Was
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
we-you-they home last week?Were
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it was.
we-you-they were.
Yes,
Yes,
I-she-he-it- wasn’t.
we-you-they weren’t.
No,
No,
QUESTIONI-she-he-it home last week?Was
2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
we-you-they home last week?Were
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it was.
we-you-they were.
Yes,
Yes,
I-she-he-it- wasn’t.
we-you-they weren’t.
No,
No,
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
is
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.?
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
weren’t
is
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
weren’t
is
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.
weren’t
were
is
They were at the movies last
night at 8:00.
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
This airplane was made
in 1625.
This airplane ______ made in 1625.
?
1943 is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
This airplane was made
in 1625.
This airplane ______ made in 1625.wasn’t
?
1943 is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
This airplane was made
in 1625.
This airplane ______ made in 1625.
This airplane ___ made in 1943.
wasn’t
?
1943 is
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
This airplane was made
in 1625.
This airplane ______ made in 1625.
This airplane ___ made in 1943.
wasn’t
was
1943 is
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
get?
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
didn’t get
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
get
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
Carla ________ a bad grade on her test.
Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test.
didn’t get
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
get
ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice
Did Carla get a bad grade
on her test?
Carla ________ a bad grade on her test.
Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test.
didn’t get
got
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
get
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
talk/t/
She talked to me for an hour.
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples:
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples:
k
/k/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples: /k/ /p/
pp
,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
/k/ /s/,
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples: /p/
ss
,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
/k/ /s/ /ch/,
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples: /p/
ch
, ,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
/k/ /s/ /ch/ /sh/,
voiceless sound + -ed /t/
(a) talked = talk/t/
stopped = stop/t/
hissed = hiss/t/
watched = watch/t/
washed = wash/t/
examples: /p/
sh
, , ,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples:
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples:
ll
/l/
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples: /l/ /n/
n
,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples: /l/ /n/ /v/
v
, ,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ /b/
bb
, , ,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
voiced sound + -ed /d/
(b) called = call/d/
rained = rain/d/
lived = live/d/
robbed = rob/d/
stayed = stay/d/
examples: /l/ /n/ /v/ /b/ all vowel sounds
y
, , , ,
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
(c) waited = wait / d/
needed = need / d/
e
e
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
“t” or “d” + -ed / d/
(c) waited = wait / d/
needed = need / d/
t
d
e
e
e
2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED
ENDINGS
2-4 Let’s Practice
behave__ 1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
?
2-4 Let’s Practice
behave__ 1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
/d/
2-4 Let’s Practice
plant___? 1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
plant___
2-4 Let’s Practice
/ d/
e 1. /t/
2. /d/
3. / d/
e
We are learning to speak English.
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
smile
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
(a)
smilingsmile
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
hope
(a)
smilingsmile
hoping
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
hope
(a)
smilingsmile
hoping
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
hope
(a)
smiledsmilingsmile
hoping
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
hope
(a)
smiledsmilingsmile
hopedhoping
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
hope
(a)
smiledsmilingsmile
hopedhoping
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
-e NO
-ed form: add -d
hope
(a)
help
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
learn
helpinghelp
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
learnlearning
helpinghelp
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
learnlearning
helpinghelp
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
Two consonants
learnlearning
helpinghelphelped
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
Two consonants
learnlearning
helpinghelphelped
learned
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
(b)
Two consonants
learnlearning
helpinghelphelped
learned
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Consonants NO
add -ed
(b)
Two consonants
rain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
heat
rainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
heatheating
rainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
Two vowels + one consonant
heatheating
rainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
Two vowels + one consonant
heatheating
rainedrainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
Two vowels + one consonant
heatheatingheated
rainedrainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
(c)
Two vowels + one consonant
heatheatingheated
rainedrainingrain
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
Two Vowels
+ One Consonant
NO
add -ed
(c)
Two vowels + one consonant
stop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
stoppingstop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
stopping
plan
stop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
planning
stopping
plan
stop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
planning
stopping
plan
stop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
Double the consonant and
planningplanned
stopping
plan
stoppedstop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
Double the consonant and
planningplanned
stopping
plan
stoppedstop
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One ConsonantYES
add -ed
(d)
ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
Double the consonant and
visit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
NO
(e)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
visitvisiting
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
NO
(e)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
visitvisiting
offer
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
NO
(e)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
visit
offering
visiting
offer
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
NO
(e)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
First syllable stressed
visit
offeringoffered
visiting
offer
visited
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
NO
add -ed
(e)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
First syllable stressed
prefer
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
prefer preferring
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
prefer preferring
admit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
prefer
admitting
preferring
admit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
prefer
admitting
preferring
admit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
YES
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
Second syllable stressed,
double the consonant
preferredprefer
admitting admitted
preferring
admit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
YES
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
Second syllable stressed,
double the consonant
preferredprefer
admitting admitted
preferring
admit
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
add -ing
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
One Vowel
+ One Consonant
YES
add -ed
(f)
TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
Second syllable stressed,
double the consonant
play
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(g)
-y
play playing
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(g)
-y
play playing
enjoy
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(g)
-y
play
enjoying
playing
enjoy
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(g)
-y
playedplay
enjoying enjoyed
playing
enjoy
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(g)
-y
playedplay
enjoying enjoyed
playing
enjoy
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
keep the -y
(g)
vowel + -y
-y
worry
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h)
-y
worry worrying
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h)
-y
worry worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h)
-y
worry
studying
worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
(h)
-y
worry
studying
worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
-y + -ing
(h)
consonant + -y
-y
worriedworry
studying studied
worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
-y + -ing
(h)
consonant + -y
-y
worriedworry
studying studied
worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
-y + -ing
(h)
consonant + -y
-y
-y
worriedworry
studying studied
worrying
study
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?
NO
-y + -ing
(h)
consonant + -y
-y
-i + -ed
die
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
(i)
-ie
die dying
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
(i)
-ie
die dying
tie
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
(i)
-ie
die
tying
dying
tie
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
(i)
-ie
die
tying
dying
tie
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y + -ing
(i)
-ie
-ie
dieddie
tying tied
dying
tie
2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS
END OF VERB
-y + -ing
(i)
-ie
-ie
add -d
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form ________
rain
-ED form ________
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form ________
rain
-ED form ________
raining
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form ________
rain
-ED form ________
raining
rained
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _________
study
-ED form _________
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _________
study
-ED form _________
studying
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _________
study
-ED form _________
studying
studied
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _____lie
-ED form _____
Please don’t
lie to me!
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _____lie
-ED form _____
lying
Please don’t
lie to me!
2-5 Let’s Practice
-ING form _____lie
-ED form _____
lying
lied
Please don’t
lie to me!
They became friends.
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs
finish
hope
try
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finish
hope
try
see
sing
go
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finish
hope
try
Simple Form
No final –s, –ed, or –ing
see
sing
go
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Simple Past
–ed for regular verbs
saw
sang
went
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
seen
sung
gone
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Past Participle
–ed for regular verbs
seen
sung
gone
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finished
hoped
tried
Past Participle
–ed for regular verbs
seen
sung
gone
perfect tenses & passive
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
seeing
singing
going
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
Present Participle
–ing for all verbs
seeing
singing
going
2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
finishing
hoping
trying
Present Participle
–ing for all verbs
seeing
singing
going
used with progressive tenses
Somebody spent all my money.
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: awake
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: awake
SIMPLE PAST:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: awake
SIMPLE PAST: awoke
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: awake
SIMPLE PAST: awoke
PAST PARTICIPLE:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: awake
SIMPLE PAST: awoke
PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: forget
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: forget
SIMPLE PAST:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: forget
SIMPLE PAST: forgot
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: forget
SIMPLE PAST: forgot
PAST PARTICIPLE:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: forget
SIMPLE PAST: forgot
PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: shave
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: shave
SIMPLE PAST:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: shave
SIMPLE PAST: shaved
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: shave
SIMPLE PAST: shaved
PAST PARTICIPLE:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: shave
SIMPLE PAST: shaved
PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: throw
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: throw
SIMPLE PAST:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: throw
SIMPLE PAST: threw
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: throw
SIMPLE PAST: threw
PAST PARTICIPLE:
2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
SIMPLE FORM: throw
SIMPLE PAST: threw
PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: give
SIMPLE PAST: _____
PAST PARTICIPLE: _____
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: give
SIMPLE PAST: _____gave
PAST PARTICIPLE: _____
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: give
SIMPLE PAST: _____gave
PAST PARTICIPLE: _____given
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: sit
SIMPLE PAST: ___
PAST PARTICIPLE: ___
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: sit
SIMPLE PAST: ___sat
PAST PARTICIPLE: ___
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: sit
SIMPLE PAST: ___sat
PAST PARTICIPLE: ___sat
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: think
SIMPLE PAST: _______
PAST PARTICIPLE: _______
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: think
SIMPLE PAST: _______thought
PAST PARTICIPLE: _______
2-7 Let’s Practice
SIMPLE FORM: think
SIMPLE PAST: _______thought
PAST PARTICIPLE: _______thought
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
He ran to work yesterday.He was running when the bus drove by.
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
He ran to work yesterday.He was running when the bus drove by.
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PAST
X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.
(b) Pat drove to work this morning.
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE SIMPLE PAST
X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.
(b) Pat drove to work this morning.
began and ended at particular
time in the past
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.
(d) They were eating when I got home.
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.
(d) They were eating when I got home.
in progress
was/were + -ing
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.
(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
XX
2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.
(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.
when = at that time
while = during that time
XX
He wasn’t studying.
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
STATEMENT I-She-He-It
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
was talking.
STATEMENT I-She-He-It
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
was not talking.
wasn’t talking.
NEGATIVE
STATEMENT I-She-He-It
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
I-She-He-It
was not talking.
wasn’t talking.
NEGATIVE
STATEMENT I-She-He-It
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
was talking.
You-We-They were talking.
I-She-He-It
You-We-They were not talking.
weren’t talking.
QUESTION I-she-he-it talking?Was
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
QUESTION I-she-he-it talking?Was
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
you-we-they talking?Were
QUESTION
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it talking?Was
Yes,
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
you-we-they talking?Were
I-she-he-it was.
QUESTION
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it talking?Was
Yes,
No,
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
you-we-they talking?Were
I-she-he-it was.
I-she-he-it wasn’t.
Yes, you-we-they were.
QUESTION
SHORT
ANSWER
I-she-he-it talking?Was
Yes,
No,
2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
you-we-they talking?Were
I-she-he-it was.
I-she-he-it wasn’t.
Yes,
No,
you-we-they were.
you-we-they weren’t.
2-9 Let’s Practice
Yesterday, the camels ___________
in the desert.
walk
2-9 Let’s Practice
Yesterday, the camels ___________
in the desert.
walk
were walking
2-9 Let’s Practice
At 8:00, we began to work.
At 8:30, we ____________.
work
2-9 Let’s Practice
At 8:00, we began to work.
At 8:30, we ____________.
work
were working
2-9 Let’s Practice
Spot __________ at Mac.
Mac _____________ at Spot.
look
SpotMac
2-9 Let’s Practice
Spot __________ at Mac.
Mac _____________ at Spot.
was lookinglook
SpotMac
2-9 Let’s Practice
Spot __________ at Mac.
Mac _____________ at Spot.
was lookinglook
wasn’t looking
SpotMac
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
Our son called while we were using the computer.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
time clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
time clause main clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
(b) I took a shower after I exercised.
time clause main clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
(b) I took a shower after I exercised.
time clause main clause
main clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
(b) I took a shower after I exercised.
time clause main clause
time clausemain clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
(b) I took a shower after I exercised.
(a) time clause main clause
time clause main clause
time clausemain clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.
(b) I took a shower after I exercised.
(b) main clause time clause
time clause main clause
time clausemain clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(c) I took a shower after I exercised.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(c) I took a shower after I exercised.
(d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(c) I took a shower after I exercised.
(d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.
after
before
until
as soon as
while
when
subject
and verb
a time
clause+ =
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(e) I exercised I took a shower.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(e) I exercised I took a shower.
(f) I exercised, I took a shower.As soon as
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(e) I exercised I took a shower.
(f) I exercised, I took a shower.
until = to that time and no longer
until
As soon as
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(e) I exercised I took a shower.
(f) I exercised, I took a shower.
until = to that time and no longer
as soon as = immediately after
until
As soon as
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(g) Mary came home I was studying.while
When Mary came home, I was studying.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(g) Mary came home I was studying.
(h)
while
main clause + comma + time clause
When Mary came home, I was studying.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(g) Mary came home I was studying.
(h)
while
main clause + comma + time clause
When Mary came home, I was studying.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(g) Mary came home I was studying.
(h)
while
time clause + comma + main clause
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.
when allows simple past
in both clauses
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
First: I rang the doorbell
Then: it played music
(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.
when allows simple past
in both clauses
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(j) She was learning to ski while he was
playing golf.
two actions at the same time
past progressive okay in both
2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
(j) She was learning to ski while he was
playing golf.
2-10 Let’s Practice
While we ___________, our children
____________ school.
attend
work
2-10 Let’s Practice
While we ___________, our children
____________ school.
attend
work
were working
2-10 Let’s Practice
While we ___________, our children
____________ school.
attend
work
were working
were attending
2-10 Let’s Practice
Lynn _________ while she __________
a book.
fall asleep
read
2-10 Let’s Practice
Lynn _________ while she __________
a book.
fall asleep
read
fell asleep
2-10 Let’s Practice
Lynn _________ while she __________
a book.
fall asleep
was reading
read
fell asleep
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.I went shopping
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away
________________ after ______________.
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away
________________ after ______________.I put the food away
2-10 Let’s Practice
First: I went shopping.
Then: I put the food away.
After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away
________________ after ______________.I went shoppingI put the food away
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play piano, but now
she plays the violin.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play piano, but now
she plays the violin.
(c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she
doesn’t anymore.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(a) I used to swim every afternoon.
Now I work in the afternoon.
(b) Fatima used to play piano, but now
she plays the violin.
(c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she
doesn’t anymore.
used to past situations
no longer exist
used to + simple form of a verb
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon?
(OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon?
(OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)
did + subject + used to
(OR did + subject + use to)
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but
now I swim every afternoon.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but
now I swim every afternoon.
(f) Fatima never used to love school, but
now she loves it.
2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
(e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but
now I swim every afternoon.
(f) Fatima never used to love school, but
now she loves it.
For negative ideas,
never is more common.
2-11 Let’s Practice
Correct?
The children used to swam in the ocean.
The children used to swam in the ocean.
2-11 Let’s Practice
Correct? No
The children used to swim in the ocean.
2-11 Let’s Practice
2-11 Let’s Practice
Correct?
Were you used to ask questions in school?
2-11 Let’s Practice
Correct?
Were you used to ask questions in school?
No
2-11 Let’s Practice
Did you used to ask questions in school?
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