Chapter 18 Classification. What is Classification? Classification is the grouping of objects based...

Post on 18-Dec-2015

258 views 2 download

Tags:

Transcript of Chapter 18 Classification. What is Classification? Classification is the grouping of objects based...

Chapter 18Classification

What is Classification?Classification is the grouping of

objects based on similarities◦Classifying Biology and Chemistry as

Science is a type of classification◦We classify organisms to help name

them and to create orderTaxonomy is the branch of biology that

groups and names organisms

How did taxonomy begin?What do you call this animal?

◦Mountain lion, cougar, puma, panther

What is Classification?Binomial nomenclature gives each

species a two-part scientific name◦The first word is the genus, the

second is the species◦Grizzly bear: Ursus arctos◦Polar bear: Ursus maritimus◦Giant panda: Alluropoda

melanoleuca◦Most are Latin◦Developed by Carolus Linnaeus in

late 1700s

What is Classification?Linnaeus’s classification included a

hierarchal system with 7 levelsTaxon: grouping (categories) of organisms,

plural is taxa◦Kingdom: taxon of similar phyla◦Phylum: taxon of similar classes◦Class: taxon of similar orders◦Order: taxon of similar families◦Family: taxon of similar genera; example

cat family is Felidae◦Genus: taxon of similar species◦Species: specifies organism; Homo

sapiens

Taxonomy

Taxonomy

ClassificationHow do we determine how to group

organisms together?◦What similarities/differences are

most important?◦How do you classify a dolphin? Is it

more similar to a fish or a cat?Darwin’s ideas of evolution led to the

study of phylogeny (evolutionary relationships among organisms)

ClassificantionGrouping organisms based on their

evolutionary history is called evolutionary classification◦Species with the same genus are

more closely related than another genus

◦Same genus all share a common ancestor

◦The farther you go up in taxa, the further back the common ancestor was

Cladograms show relationships of evolutionary classification

Cladograms

Dichotomous KeyA dichotomous key is multiple sets of

paired statements used to identify organisms

http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Education/ConservationCentral/walk/walk4.html

3 DomainsBacteria, Archaea, and EukaryaBacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes.

◦Domain Bacteria has Kingdom Eubacteria. “normal” bacteria

◦Domain Archaea has Kingdom Archebacteria. “weird” bacteria

EukaryaKingdom Protista

◦Most are unicellular◦Live in moist environments◦Diverse in ways they obtain

nutrition. Ex. amoeba http://www.cellsalive.com/parasit.htm

Kingdom Fungi◦Heterotrophic decomposers◦Cell walls of chitin, ex. mushroom;

pictures

EukaryaKingdom Plantae

◦Autotrophic, multicellular, have tissues◦Cell walls of cellulose◦Vascular plants – have vessels that

transport water and sugars (ferns, conifers, flowering plants) Xylem – tissue that moves water Phloem – tissue that moves sugars

◦Nonvascular plants do not have these vessels., ex. mosses

Kingdom Animalia – multicellular heterotrophs. Do NOT have cell walls

Classification of Living Things

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum…Did DomainKing KingdomPhilip PhylumCross ClassOver OrderFor FamilyGood GenusSoup Species