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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
Microbiology
B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein
AN INTRODUCTIONEIGHTH EDITION
TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE
Chapter 17, part BSpecific Defenses of the Host:
The Immune Response
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The Results of Ag-Ab Binding
Figure 17.9
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Antibody titer:
• Is the amount of Ab in serum
Figure 17.10
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Monoclonal Antibodies
• Hybridomas are produced by fusing a cancer cell with an Ab-secreting plasma cells
• The hybridoma cell culture is immortal and produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs)
• Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells
• Chimeric Mabs: Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region
• Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Monoclonal Antibodies
Figure 17.11
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• Interleukin-1Stimulates TH cells
• Interleukin-2Activates TH, B, TC, and NK cells
• Interleukin-12 Differentiation of CD4 cells
• -Interferon Increase activity of macrophages
• Chemokines Cause leukocytes to move to an infection
Immune system cells communicate via cytokines
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Specialized lymphocytes, mostly T cells, respond to intracellular Ags
• After differentiating in the thymus, T cells migrate to lymphoid tissue
• T cells differentiate into effector T cells when stimulated by an Ag
• Some effector T cells become memory cells
Cell-Mediated Immunity
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• Helper T Cells (CD4, TH)
• TH1 Activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity
• TH2 Activate B cells to produce eosinophils, IgM, and IgE
• Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8, TC)
• Destroy target cells with perforin
T Cells
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• Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cells (TD)
• Associated with allergic reaction, transplant rejection, and tuberculin skin test
• Suppressor T cells (TS)
• Turn off immune response when Ag no longer present
T Cells
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Helper T Cells
Figure 17.13
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Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
Figure 17.14
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Nonspecific Cells
• Activated macrophages: Macrophages stimulated by ingesting Ag or by cytokines
• Natural killer cells: Lymphocytes that destroy virus-infected cells, tumor
Figure 17.15
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T-independent Antigens
Figure 17.17
B cell
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T-independent Antigens
Figure 17.16
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Figure 17.18