1Chapter 17 Key Terms

AlveoliLarynx

TracheaSurfactantRespirationEpiglottisGlottis

Pleural CavityInspirationBronchiBronchiolesInternal RespirationPartial PressureVocal foldsThyroid Cartilage Nasal SeptumEustachian TubeNasopharynx

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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYCHAPTER 17: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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Respiratory System

PurposeExchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the

atmosphere and the blood

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP

RespirationThe overall exchange of gases between the

atmosphere, blood, and cells

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Respiratory Organs

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

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The Nose

External nares (Nostrils) Nasal cavity

Divided into left and right nasal cavities by nasal septum

Anterior portion has 3 functionsWarm, moisten, and filter airOlfactory stimuli are detectedResonating chambers (sinuses) help create speech

sounds

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The Nose

Nasal cavityChonchae extend from cavity wallNasal cavity divided into passageways

Superior meatusMiddle meatusInferior meatus

Chonchae and nasal cavity are lined with mucous membraneTraps particles filtered by hairsCilia moves mucus to back of throat to be swallowed

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The Nose

Olfactory receptors line the membrane of the superior meatusOlfactory region

Goblet cells in the membrane secrete mucus Mucus moistens air and traps particles Capillaries in the membrane help warm the air

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The Sinuses

SinusAir filled space inside bone

4 SinusesSphenoidalFrontalEthmoidalMaxillary

Help reduce some of the weight of the head

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Pharynx

Also called the throat Lined with mucous membrane Nasopharynx – posterior portion of nasal cavity

Connected to the Eustachian tubesConnect to the middle ear (pressure control)

Oropharynx – passageway for air and food Laryngopharynx – connection for the mouth and

esophagus, and the nose and trachea

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Larynx

AKA voice box Thyroid cartilage is most prominent feature (Adam’s

apple)Moves up and down when swallowing/talking

Epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowingCough reflex functions when anything other than air enters

larynx False vocal folds – close to keep food from entering lungs Vocal folds – vibrate to produce speech Trachea carries air from larynx to the bronchi

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Bronchi

Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi Trachea and bronchi contain incomplete rings of

hyaline cartilage Bronchi branch into bronchioles

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The Lungs

2 lungs enclosed in pleural membrane Parietal pleura – attaches lung to wall of thoracic

cavity Visceral pleura – covers the lungs Pleural cavity – space between those two

membranes Right lung has 3 lobes Left lung has 2 lobes Bronchioles contain alveoli

Very thin walls for diffusion (respiratory membrane)

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The Respiration Process

Purpose Supply cells with O2 and remove CO2

3 processes Ventilation/breathing

Exchange of gases between atmosphere and lungsInspiration/inhalation and expiration/exhalation

External respirationExchange of gases between blood and lungs

Internal respirationExchange of gases between blood and cells of the body

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The Respiration Process

Diaphragm contracts lungs expand, forcing air into lungs O2 and CO2 exchanged diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out

Hemoglobin transports gases in blood The pressure of a gas determines the rate it diffuses

from one area to anotherPartial pressure = amount of pressure that gas

contributes to the total pressure

Air = 21% O2

21% x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg

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