Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Chapter 16 The Civil War (1861-1865)
Section 4 The Strain of War
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Which do you feel is the most important quality in a good leader?
A. Enthusiasm
B. Confidence
C. Courage
D. Decisiveness
A B C D
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How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
Battle of Fredericksburg• After Antietam, Lee
retreated to Virginia• General Burnside, marched
his troops toward the Confederate capital at Richmond
• Lee intercepted the troops at Fredericksburg
• Lee moved to a hill and then had trenches built so they could fire down on the enemy
• The army would be protected
• December 13, 1862- Lee’s entrenched forces easily drove back the Union troops
• Burnside resigned and was replaced by General Joseph Hooker
After Fredericksburg• May 1863- Lee split his
men in response to Hooker doing the same thing
• Even though Hooker had twice as many men
• Some Confederate troops stayed to defend Fredericksburg, and some confronted the main Union forces at Chancellorsville
• A third group, under Stonewall Jackson, caught the Union by surprise
• Stonewall Jackson marched around the side of Hooker’s position
Battle of Chancellorsville• Suddenly, Jackson’s
army attacked the Union forces at the rear
• At the same time, Lee struck from the front
• The Union was sandwiched between the two Confederate forces
• Hooker withdrew his men
• One of the Confederate companies fired on Stonewall Jackson’s company by mistake
• Jackson was wounded in the left arm
• Jackson’s arm had to be amputated, and he died a week later
Weak Union Generals• The Union had 3 different
Generals in less than a year• McClellan was reluctant to
engage the enemy• Lincoln said “If McClellan
doesn’t want to use the army, I’d like to borrow it for a while”
• McClellan didn’t follow the retreating Confederate troops (Antietam) into Virginia
• After McClellan was Burnside (Loss at Fredericksburg)
• Then Lincoln appointed Joseph Hooker (Loss at Chancellorsville)
• Hooker resigned within 2 months
• Major General George Meade took command
African Americans in the War• At first, neither side
allowed African Americans to fight
• The North soon relaxed its rules
• African Americans made up 30% of the South’s population
• Confederate leaders feared African Americans would attack their fellow troops
• Or begin a revolt
In the North• The North needed more
soldiers, so Lincoln allowed African Americans to serve
• Congress allowed the formation of all-African American regiments
• Southern troops hated the African American troops and focused their fiercest gunfire on African American regiments
• By the end of the war, they comprised about 10% of the Union army
• These men fought hard and effectively
The 5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts• Best known African
American regiment• 1863- Took part in the siege
of Fort Wagner in South Carolina
• On the front lines• Had nearly 300 casualties in
this regiment alone• NeverthelessNevertheless, the soldiers
bravely fought on• The Union could not capture
the fort• The 54th became famous for
the courage and sacrifice of its members
Going to the North• Spring 1863- The South had the
upper hand• Union loss at Chancellorsville
ruined their plan for taking Richmond
• Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North to impress Britain and France
• The South recalled the Revolutionary War- Getting help from the French
• France and Britain missed the goods the South provided (Mainly cotton)
• If the South could win here, these nations might help
Battle of Gettysburg• Confederates entered
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania looking for supplies
• General Lee hoped to avoid fighting in an unfamiliar area
• But the two sides encounteredencountered one another
• After 4 days of fighting, the Confederates had 25,000 casualties and the Union had 23,000
• The battle started at 5:30 A.M. on July 1
Battle of Gettysburg Continued• The Union troops were
outnumbered and retreated to Cemetery Ridge
• Reinforcements for both sides arrived
• On the second day of fighting, Southern generals tried to remove Union forces from hills called Round Top and Little Round Top
• Union Troops under General Meade held their positions
• That night Meade made the decision not to retreat
• The next day Lee order an attack designed to “create a panic and virtually destroy the [Union] army”
Results of Gettysburg• The Confederates started by firing
nearly 140 cannons at Union lines• The under General George
Pickett, 1000s of Confederates attacked the Union’s center position
• They advanced across open land• At first, it seemed Pickett’s Pickett’s
ChargeCharge might work- the Confederates broke the Union’s first line
• In the end 75% of those that charged were dead or wounded
• Gettysburg put an end to hopes that Britain and France would help
The Vicksburg Siege• July 4th, 1863- Lee
retreated from Gettysburg
• Also on the same day the important river city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, fell to the Union under Grant
• In May, Grant began the siege with 30,000
• Blockading it to prevent food and supplies from entering
• Then the Union gunships on the river supported Grants 77,000 troops by firing 1000s of mortar shells into the city
Battle of Vicksburg• 47 days- Both sides had
many casualties• 9,000 Confederate/10,000
Union deaths• Fewer than 20 civilians
were killed in the siege• A few days later, the South
lost Port Hudson in Louisiana- The last stronghold on the Mississippi
• The Anaconda Plan had worked
• Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas were now cut off
• July 1863 was a major turning point
Lincoln’s Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address• November 19, 1863-
Soldiers’ National Cemetery was dedicated at Gettysburg
• Former Mass. Governor Edward Everett delivered a two-hour speech
• Then it was Lincoln’s turn• Lincoln spoke for about 2
minute (272 words)• Lincoln was able to honor
the soldiers and the cause, as well as state his vision for the country
• “These dead shall not have died in vain”
• Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
How did the events at Gettysburg and Vicksburg change the course of the war?
-Defeat at Gettysburg ended the Confederates hopes for invading the North
-Victory at Vicksburg allowed the Union to divide the Southern states and control the Mississippi
Chapter 16 Section 4 Quiz
General Stonewall Jackson was killed at Chancellorsville by a fall from his horse.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
Lincoln replaced McClellan with General Ambrose Burnside.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
The Union army was comprised of mostly African American soldiers.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
The Gettysburg Address was given at a ceremony to dedicate a cemetery.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
The 54th Massachusetts was an all female regiment.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
Which of the following did not lead the Union forces?
Geo
rge
McC
lella
n
Am
brose
Burn
side
Jose
ph Hooke
r
Rober
t E. L
ee
25% 25%25%25%A. George McClellan
B. Ambrose Burnside
C. Joseph Hooker
D. Robert E. Lee
General Lee hoped that a win in the North might impress
Fra
nce a
nd Spai
n.
Spai
n and B
ritai
n.
Brit
ain a
nd Fra
nce.
Spai
n and G
erm
any.
25% 25%25%25%A. France and Spain.
B. Spain and Britain.
C. Britain and France.
D. Spain and Germany.
General Grant led a 47-day siege against
Port
Hudson,
Loui
sian
a
Vic
ksburg
, Mis
siss
ippi
Atla
nta,
Geo
rgia
Mobi
le, A
labam
a
25% 25%25%25%A. Port Hudson, Louisiana
B. Vicksburg, Mississippi
C. Atlanta, Georgia
D. Mobile, Alabama
By the end of the war, African American volunteers made up nearly what percentage
of the Union army?
20
perc
ent
10
perc
ent
100
per
cent
50
perc
ent
25% 25%25%25%A. 20 percent
B. 10 percent
C. 100 percent
D. 50 percent
President Lincoln’s address at what battlefield helped war-weary Americans
focus on their shared ideals?
Vic
ksburg
Chan
cello
rsvi
lle
Shilo
h
Get
tysb
urg
25% 25%25%25%A. Vicksburg
B. Chancellorsville
C. Shiloh
D. Gettysburg
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