Post on 12-Jan-2016
CHAPTER
16
RESCUE PROCEDURES
Copyright© 2000. Delmar is a division of Thomson Learning.
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Objectives 1 of 2
• Recognize the hazards associated with various rescue operations.
• Describe the difference between primary and secondary searches.
• Demonstrate the proper procedures for victim drags and carries.
• Define proper terminology used during motor vehicle extrication operations.
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Objectives 2 of 2
• Demonstrate proper and safe use of vehicle extrication tools and equipment.
• Explain the various types of specialized rescue situations presented and the hazards associated with them.
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Introduction
• Rescues are performed to remove someone from immediate danger or to extricate them.
• This lesson designed to provide an awareness level of rescue situations.
• Teamwork and safety are the key points to remember.
CHAPTER
16Hazards Associated with Rescue
Operations
• Every rescue operations has hazards.• Tunnel vision is a big hazard.• It is easy to get tunnel vision in a complex and lengthy
rescue.• Tunnel vision can keep rescuers from seeing obvious
solutions and impending danger.
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Search of Burning Structures 1 of 3
• One of the most dangerous rescue situations.• Training, practicing, and planning best way to reduce
danger.• Always enter in teams of two or more.• Two firefighters in full gear and a charged line should
be ready to go in if needed.• Known as two-in/two-out rule.
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Search of Burning Structures 2 of 3
• Perform a quick survey of structure and surroundings.• Always carry a tool, flashlight, and radio when
searching.• Single family structures may be searched using wall as
reference.• Known as “right-handed” or “left-handed” search.
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Search of Burning Structures 3 of 3
• Commercial or industrial structures require use of lifeline or guideline.
• Two operations to searching a building:• Primary search.• Secondary search.
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Search Team
CHAPTER
16Rapid Intervention Team Standing-By
CHAPTER
16Survey Structure Prior to
Entering
CHAPTER
16Searching a Residential
Occupancy
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Commercial Occupancies
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Primary Search
• First and most dangerous of the two.• Search team is often ahead of attack lines.• Often above the fire.• Rapid, but thorough, search.
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Secondary Search
• Conducted after fire is out or well under control.• A more thorough search.• Areas that still need to be extinguished may be found.
CHAPTER
16Victim Removal, Drags and
Carries
• Victims must be removed carefully and expeditiously.• Try and not cause further injury or aggravate existing
injury.• May not be able to give care due to hazardous or
hostile environment.
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Firefighter’s Carry
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Extremity Carry
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Seat Carry
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Blanket Drag
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Clothing Drag
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Webbing Sling Drag
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Sit and Drag
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Firefighter’s Drag
CHAPTER
16Rescue of a Firefighter Wearing
SCBA
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16
Placing a Patient on a Backboard
CHAPTER
16Placing a Patient on an
Ambulance Cot
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Extrication From Motor Vehicle
• Motor vehicle crashes are common rescue situations.• Knowledge, experience, and skill are most valuable
tools.• Extrication means to free, release, or disentangle a
patient from entrapment.• Operations at an extrication incident should follow a
pre-determined sequence of events.
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Plan Of Action
1. Scene size up.2. Vehicle stabilization.3. Accessing the patient.4. Disentangling the patient.5. Removing the patient.
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Extrication Tools 1 of 3
• Range from basic to specialized tools.• Hydraulic tools are operated by gasoline engine,
motor, or air-driven motor.• Spreaders used to push and pull.• Cutters used for different tasks.• Rams used for pushing.• Combination tools spread and cut.
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Extrication Tools 2 of 3
• Air bags come in high-pressure and low/medium-pressure.
• High-pressure bags operate at a maximum inflation pressure of about 130 psi.
• Bags come in sizes ranging from 6”x 6” to 36”x 36”.• Low/medium-pressure bags can lift very heavy loads.
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Extrication Tools 3 of 3
• Air chisels are valuable tools for rescue operations.• Reciprocating saws are also gaining popularity.
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Gasoline Engines
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Spreaders and Cutters
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Rams and Combination Tools
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High-Pressure Air Bags
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Low-Pressure Air Bags
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Air Chisel and Reciprocating Saw
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Crash Scene Assessment
• Number and types of vehicles involved.• Number and apparent extent of injuries.• Traffic and non-traffic hazards.• Disentanglement requirements.• Support needs.
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Additional Resources
• Additional ambulances.• Specialized extrication equipment.• Additional law enforcement.• Specialized technical rescue equipment.
CHAPTER
16Specialized Rescue Situations and Tools
• There are a variety of other rescues a firefighter may be sent on.
• Specialized training beyond this course is needed.• This is designed as a familiarization.
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Vertical Rescue
• NFPA 1983 deals with rope safety.
• Rescuers must be well-trained.
• All should be familiar with equipment and techniques.
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Water Rescue
• Very dangerous operations.
• All rescuers should wear PFD around water.
• Do not attempt rescue if not trained.
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Structural Collapse Rescue
• Pancake collapse.• Lean-to collapse.• V-type collapse.
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Trench and Below-Grade Rescue
• Most occur at construction, utilities, maintenance or well digging sites.
• Asphyxiation is a major concern.
• Team work is essential.
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Confined Space Rescue
• Come in many different forms.• Oxygen deficient atmosphere is major concern.• Space must be constantly monitored.• Proper PPE and equipment must be used.• Back-up crew must always be ready.
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Other Rescue Situations
• Rescue from electrical situations.• Industrial entrapment rescue.• Elevator and escalator rescue.• Farm equipment rescue.
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WRAP-UP
• Address common rescue situations you may have to deal with.
• Specialized training is required.• Goal was to present broad spectrum of situations and
some concepts to deal with them.• Never attempt a complex rescue without proper
training.