Post on 19-Jan-2018
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CHAPTER 10 NOTES:
THE 1920S AND 1930S
LESSON 1: “A GROWING ECONOMY”
EQ: WHAT WERE THE 1920’S LIKE? WAS IT A TIME FOR CHANGE?
CHANGES IN PRODUCTIONIn 1920, Americans elected a new
president, Warren G. Harding. He believed that Americans were tired of war and wanted to get back to their normal lives.
Following the war, America’s economy
experienced a boom in sales. A boom is a period of fast economic growth. The reasons for the boom was because America increased trading with other countries and after the war, many countries paid back the money they owed America. This helped America become the richest country in the world.
WARREN G. HARDING
THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
• Henry Ford added to the economic boom by making cars in a new way.
• He began mass production which means using machines to make many products at once.
• To produce a lot of cars, Ford set up assembly lines. Assembly lines are long lines of workers and equipment.
HENRY FORD
Assembly Line Video
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY CONT’D.Each person on the assembly line was
responsible for only one job.
This way of organizing work is called division of labor. When a company uses division of labor, each worker or group of workers has one small task in a big project.
Using Ford’s method of production caused industries to make more money, then hire more workers. When more workers were hired, people spent more money and our economy increased.
ASSEMBLY LINE I LOVE LUCYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmAwcMNxGqM
HOW MASS PRODUCTION CHANGES THE ECONOMY
Industries growing
Creating more jobs
Mass Production
Allowing people to buy more goods
A growing economy
SAVINGS AND INVESTINGMost people in the 1920s put their money
into savings accounts at banks.
Other people invested their money. To invest means to use savings in the hope of earning more money in the future.
Most Americans invested in stocks. A stock is a share of ownership in a company. The place where stocks are bought and sold is called a stock market.
GOVERNMENT IN THE 1920S
• During the 1920s, three new presidents were elected: Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.
• All three were similar because they:-encouraged economic growth in the 1920s-Were Republicans
Campaign Buttons
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRESIDENTS
Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover
Wanted U.S. to return to normalcy.
Wanted the government to act like a business.
Believed that the economy would fix itself.
Encouraged America to focus on homes and jobs.
Kept government spending low so that America could make more money than it was spending.
Believed that real economic growth came from the hard work of ordinary people.
Cut taxes so that Americans would have more money to save and invest.
Did not think the government should do too many things to change economy.
LESSON 2: THE ROARING TWENTIES
Stop at 1minute 50secs
TECHNOLOGY CHANGES LIVES
• During the 1920s, the U.S. became more modern and technology changed the way people lived. Cars allowed people to travel long distances more easily.
• Electricity allowed people to have electrical appliances at home and make housework much easier.
A CHANGING SOCIETY
New kinds of music, art, and literature became popular in the 1920s.
Jazz became popular. Jazz is a type of music that uses a lot of improvisation.
Harlem, a neighborhood in New York, was famous for jazz and in the 1920s it became a center for Black musicians, artists, and writers.
This period was known as the Harlem Renaissance. A renaissance is a time when there is new interest in art, literature, music and learning.
JAZZ MUSIChttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7kqVfD7KOw&list=PL1mZeR4wTBoyJJxhnPO76S3omPhcKWxZNhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3ZspdOFlj0
NEW KINDS OF ENTERTAINMENTRadios became a popular form of
communication in the 1920s.Families would sit around the radio at
night and listen to news reports, music, comedy shows, mystery stories, and sports broadcasts.
Movies also became popular. People crowded into theaters to watch the latest romance, adventure, and comedy films.
EARLY AVIATORSThe Wright Brothers made the first
successful airplane flight in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
An aviator is someone who flies an airplane.In 1927, Charles Lindburgh became the first
aviator to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
Amelia Earhart was a woman who set many flying records.
Bessie Coleman was the first African American woman to earn a pilot’s license.
WRIGHT BROTHERSKitty Hawk North
Carolina was where the Wright Brothers made their first flight.
PROBLEMS OF THE 1920S• Discrimination and crime were big
problems in the 1920s.• African Americans, Asian Americans,
and Mexican Americans still faced prejudice. The KKK was on the rise again during this time period.
• Another problem was the 18th Amendment to the constitution. This amendment made selling and drinking alcohol in the U.S. against the law.
• The time that this law was in effect is called the Prohibition Era. Prohibition means the act of forbidding something.
PROBLEMS CONT’DDuring this time period, criminals still
made and sold alcohol. These illegal activities led to violence in
many cities.When the violence in cities became too
bad, the government repealed, or ended, prohibition.
Prohibition ended with the 21st amendment in 1933.
Prohibition lasted from 1920-1933.
Brain Pop “Roaring Twenties”http://www.brainpop.com/video_tutorials/roaring_20s/
LESSON 3: THE GREAT DEPRESSION
THE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
Economic problems in the U.S. increased after the stock market crashed in 1929.
Many people thought that the economic boom of the 1920s would last forever. So many people borrowed money and invested money into the stock market.
Unfortunately, on October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed. This means that the total value of all stocks fell very quickly.
ECONOMIC DEPRESSION CONT’DAfter the stock market crash of 1929, many
people began to panic and they sold all of their stocks.
The crash caused many people to feel less confident in the economy, therefore, store owners ordered fewer goods because consumers were buying fewer things. As a result, fewer orders caused factories to fire workers.
Unemployment increased. Unemployment is the number of people who are looking for a job but can’t find one.
Because people had little money to spend, businesses began to close. Within a few years, millions of people were unemployed and many businesses shut down.
ECONOMIC DEPRESSION CONT’DThis period of unemployment was called
the Great Depression. A depression is a time when people can’t find work and many businesses close.
The Great Depression lasted through the 1930s.
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSIONMany people were in debt. Debt is money
that one person owes to another.Banks were failing and they went out of
business. Because people could not pay the banks back and banks could not give loans, banks could not make any money.
The economy began to slow down because consumers were not spending money and the result was the Great Depression.
HARD TIMES FOR AMERICANSThe Great Depression caused much
hardship.Charities donated free meals to hungry
people. A charity is an organization that helps people in need.
People who did not have money lined up at soup kitchens and formed bread lines to wait for free bread and other food.
Additionally, many people built shacks out of cardboard boxes, broken cars, and scraps of wood.
SOUP KITCHENS
Shantytowns
IMPACT ON FARMERSThe Great Depression was especially
hard on tenant farmers and sharecroppers in the south.
A severe drought on the Great Plains in the early 1930s made things worse for farmers. Little rain fell so crops could not grow.
Thousands of families living in this area, called the Dust Bowl, went to California to look for work on ranches and in orchards.
LESSON:4ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW DEAL
THE ELECTION OF 1932Because Herbert Hoover felt that the government should not do
much to help the economy, many Americans did not approve of him.
Therefore, in 1932, Americans elected a new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Roosevelt gave Americans new hope during the Depression.
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
THE NEW DEALRoosevelt promised Americans a new deal. As soon as he was in office, he started a variety of programs that
became known as the New Deal. These new programs gave people food, shelter, and jobs during
the Depression.
PEOPLE WERE HAPPY WITH ROOSEVELT
NEW DEAL PROGRAMSCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC)-
this program created jobs and protected the natural environment.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- this program built dams on the Tennessee River that created hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity is electricity produced by moving water.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)- this program hired people to build streets, libraries, and schools.
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS THAT STILL EXIST…Social Security Act of 1935- Social
security provides money to people over the age of 65. It also helps those who have disabilities and cannot work.
Some regulations still affect the economy. Regulations are rules or laws. One regulation Roosevelt started was setting a minimum wage. Minimum wage is the lowest amount of money most workers can be paid.
ROOSEVELT HELPED
The economy improved during Roosevelt’s presidency, but by 1939, millions of Americans were still out of work.
Nevertheless, Roosevelt’s New Deal gave Americans hope. No other president had set up programs that provided jobs for so many people.
Because of Roosevelt, the government began to play a larger role in the economy.