Chap. 3 Tissue Vocabulary

1. Histology

2. Tissue

3. Epithelial Tissue

4. Apical surface

5. Basal surface

6. Basement membrane

7. Goblet Cell

8. Gland

9. Secretion

10. Hormone

11. Connective Tissue

12. Extracellular matrix

13. Ground substance

14. Muscle Tissue

15. Striations

16. Intercalated Disks

17. Nervous Tissue

18. Neuron

• Tissue: groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

• Four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

• Histology: the study of tissues

Tissues Foldable– FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES: Epithelial, Connective,

Muscle, Nerve– SUMMARIZE THE FUNCTIONS/ROLE OF EACH– INCLUDE ANY SUBTYPES & LOCATIONS IN THE

BODY– ORIGINAL PICTURES, WORDS, DIAGRAMS – COLORFUL– DESIGNED TO INSTRUCT ANATOMY STUDENTS– 8.5 x 11 inch white, unlined paper; front & back if

needed; one page for each tissue type.

CONNECTIVE TISSUE• Use 2 separate sides of paper to include all of

these• embryonic tissue: mesenchyme• connective tissue proper

– loose• areolar, adipose, reticular – show examples

– dense (fibrous)• regular, irregular – give an example of each of these

• cartilage– hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage— show examples

• bone• blood

• NERVOUS TISSUE • MUSCLE TISSUE

Use the book to find pictures and locations of these

FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM

PROTECTIONABSORPTIONFILTRATIONEXCRETIONSECRETION

SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets.

• Neighboring cells are bound by desmosomes and tight junctions.

• Always have one free surface, “Apical Surface”• Exposed surface is either slick and smooth or

ciliated.• Lower surface of epithelium rests on top of a

Basement Membrane. • Avascular = No blood supply• Regenerate easily if well nourished

Epithelial Tissue:

Simple—composed of one cell layer•squamous•cuboidal•columnar•psuedostratified columnar

Stratified—two or more cell layers•squamous•columnar•transitional

GLANDULAR EPITHELIA

• Gland—one or more cells that make and secrete (export) a product

• Secretion—an aqueous fluid that usually contains proteins; some are lipids or steroid-rich

Endocrine glands—internal secretion• ductless, secrete hormones: first into extracellular

space then enter blood or lymphatic fluid• structurally diverse• examples: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonads

Exocrine glands—external and internal secretion• more numerous, bound to ducts and secretions

empty into ducts. • examples: sweat, mucous (goblet cells), liver,

pancreas, oil, salivary

simple columnar simple cuboidal

simple squamouspsuedostratified columnar

simple squamous

simple cuboidal

stratified squamous

simple columnarpsuedostratified columnar

stratified cuboidal transitional epithelium

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

• BINDING & SUPPORT

• PROTECTION

• INSULATION

• TRANSPORTATION

CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS

Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue

• Arise from the mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue)

• Variations in blood supply: cartilage is avascular (no blood), Tendons and Ligaments (poor amounts of blood)—other types have rich supply of blood

• Extracellular matrix: most connective tissue is nonliving and made up of different types of cells

structural elements of connective tissue• ground substance: unstructured materials between

cells; holds large amounts of fluid– interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans– provides a medium for diffusion of nutrients between

capillaries & connective tissue cells

• fibers– collagen, elastic, reticular fibers

• cells (-blast: forming cells –cyte: mature cells)– fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hematopoietic stem

cell– other cell types (macrophage, mast)

Connective Tissue Types

• Embryonic Tissue: mesenchyme• Loose Connective Tissue

– areolar, adipose, reticular

• Dense (fibrous) Connective Tissue– regular, irregular

• Cartilage– hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

• Bone• Blood

• Functions– cushions organs– inflammation– macrophage site– hold, convey tissue

fluid

• Locations– under epithelia– lamina propria of

mucous membranes– around organs– surround capillaries

• Functions– muscles to bone– bone to bone– withstands tensile

stress

• Locations– tendons– most ligaments– aponeuroses

• Functions– supports, reinforces– resists compression– resilient cushioning

• Locations– end of long bones– ribs– nose– trachea, larynx

Nervous Tissue

• neurons

• supporting cells

Muscle Tissue

• skeletal

• smooth

• cardiac

Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle:•Has obvious Striations

Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle

•Has Intercalated Discs

Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle•Cells are pointy on each end

Nerve Tissue