Chapter 6

Chapter 61

Mobile, Wireless and Pervasive Computing

Need for Mobile Computing-1

Chapter 62

To make computer small enough so that they can be easily carried around.Laptop computers were invented.PDAs and other handheld devices.Much lighter and more powerful in

processing speed and storage.

Need for Mobile Computing-2

Chapter 63

To replace wires with wireless communication media.Wireless systems used in radio, TV and

telephones led to adaption of WCM to the computing environment

Need for Mobile Computing-3

Chapter 64

To use mobile devices in a wireless environment.Wireless mobile computing: enables

combination of a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments such as Internet and intranet.

-cont…

Chapter 65

Used in education, health care, entertainment, security.

Available anywhere, anytime.

Driving factors for Mobile computing : Intel Centrino Chip-2003

Chapter 66

Standard feature in most laptop.Capabilities:

A connection device to a wireless LANLow usage of electricity, enabling users to do

more work on a single battery chargeA high level of security

Driving factors for Mobile computing :3G and 4G

Chapter 67

Introduction of 3rd generation and 4th generation wireless environments.

Adoption of a Wi-fi as a wireless LAN

Mobile Commerce

Chapter 68

The impact of mobile computing on human lives is very significant.

It also has its impact occurring in the way of conducting the business.

This impact is described as mobile commerce (also known as m-commerce and m-business),

M-commerce/business

Chapter 69

M-commerce/business is basically any e-commerce or e-business done in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet.

-cont…

Chapter 610

m-commerce can be done via the Internet, private communication lines, smart cards, or other infrastructures

-cont…

Chapter 611

M-commerce is a variation on existing Internet services;

it is a natural extension of e-business.Mobile devices create an opportunity to

deliver new services to existing customers and to attract new ones

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 612

Global positioning system (GPS). A satellite-based tracking system that

enables the determination of a GPS device’s location.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 613

Personal digital assistant (PDA). A small portable computer, such as the

family of Palm handhelds and the Pocket PC devices from companies like HP.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 614

Short Message Service (SMS)A technology, in existence since 1991, that

allows for the sending of short text messages.

SMS messages can be sent or received concurrently, even during a voice or data call.

Used by hundreds of millions of users, SMS is known as the e-mail of m-commerce.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 615

Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS).An extension of SMS that is capable of

simple animation, tiny pictures, and short melodies.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 616

Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS).The next generation of wireless

messaging, this technology will be able to deliver rich media.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 617

Bluetooth. A chip technology wireless standard

designed for temporary, short-range connection (data and voice) among mobile devices and/or other devices

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 618

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).A technology that offers Internet

browsing from wireless devices

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 6 19

SmartphonesInternet-enabled cell phones that can

support mobile applications.These “phones with a brain” are becoming

standard devices. They include WAP microprocessors for

Internet access and the capabilities of PDAs as well.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 620

Wi-Fi (short for wireless fidelity)Refers to a standard 802.11b on which

most of the wireless local area networks (WLANs) run.

Mobile Computing Basic Terminology

Chapter 621

WLAN (wireless local area network)A broad term for all 802.11 standards.Basically, it is a wireless version of the

Ethernet networking standard.

Attributes and Drivers of MobileComputing

Chapter 622

Mobility Broad reach

Mobility

Chapter 623

Mobile computing and m-commerce are based on the fact that users carry a mobile device everywhere they go.Mobility implies portability.Users can initiate a real-time contact with

other systems from wherever they happen to be if they can connect to a wireless network.

Broad Reach

Chapter 624

In mobile computing, people can be reached at any time.Of course, users can block certain hours or

certain messages, but when users carry an open mobile device, they can be reached instantly.

Value-added attributes

Chapter 625

attributes that drive the development of m-commerce: ubiquity, convenience, instant connectivity, personalization, and localization of products and services

Drivers Of Mobile Computing And M-commerce

Chapter 626

Widespread Availability of Mobile DevicesNo Need for a PCThe Handset CultureVendors’ PushDeclining Prices and Increased

FunctionalitiesImprovement of Bandwidth

M-Commerce Value Chain andRevenue Models

Chapter 627

m-commerce is a complex process involving a number of operations and a number of players (customers, merchants, mobile operators, and the like)

Mobile Computing – Value Chain

Link Function Provider

Transport Maintenance and operation of the infrastructure supporting data communication between mobile users and application providers

Technology platform vendors

Enabling services

Server hosting, data backup, and system integration

Infrastructure equipment vendors

Transaction support

Mechanisms for assisting with transactions, security, and billing

Application platform vendor

Presentation services

Conversion of content of Internet-based applications to applications suitable for mobile devices

Application developer

Chapter 628

Mobile Computing – Value Chain

Chapter 629

Link Function Provider

Personalization support

Gathering of users’ preferences, information, and devices in order to provide individualized applications

Content developer

User applications

General and specialized applications for mobile users

Mobile service provider

Content aggregators

Design and operation of portals that offer categorized information and search facilities

Mobile portal provider

WLAN

Chapter 630

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is like a wired LAN without the cables.

WLANs transmit and receive data over the airwaves.

Wi-fi

Chapter 631

a transmitter with an antenna, called a wireless access point, connects to a wired LAN from a fixed location or to satellite dishes that provide an Internet connection.

-cont…

Chapter 632

A wireless access point provides service to a number of users within a small geographical perimeter (up to a couple hundred feet), known as a “hot spot” or hotspot zone.

Chapter 633

Several wireless access points are needed to support larger numbers of users across a larger geographical area.

End users can access a WLAN with their laptops, desktops, or PDAs by adding a wireless network card.

Wireless Personal Area Networks (Wpans)

Chapter 634

A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a kind of WLAN that people have at their home offices.

-cont…

Chapter 635

With 6.2 MOBILE COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE 249 Wireless Local Area Networks and Wi-Fi such a network, one can connect PCs, PDAs, mobile phones,

and digital music players that detect each other and can interact

Problems with Wi-Fi

Chapter 636

Roaming – users cannot roam from hotspot to hotspot if the hotspots use different Wi-Fi network services

Security – because Wi-Fi uses radio waves, it is difficult to protect

Cost – commercial Wi-Fi services are low cost but not free and each service has its own fees and separate accounts for users to logon

Mobile Computing Infrastructure – WWAN’s

Chapter 637

Mobile Computing – L-Commerce Applications

Chapter 638

Landscape of Mobile Computing

Chapter 639