CH.35 “First Aid”Lesson 1: Administrating First Aid

Health Ed.

First AidIs the emergency care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured.

The first 5 The first 5 minutes are the most

critical6 things to remember:1-check: surroundings

2-check: is victim conscious

3-Check: breathing

4-Control bleeding

5-Check : victim for poisoning

6-Send for medical help

* learn about what happened, and devise a plan of action

Poison- any substance- solid, liquid, or gas that causes injury, illness, or death when introduced to the body

4 types of Wounds..ScrapeCutPunctureAvulsion

ScrapeAlso called an “abrasion”

Little or no bleeding

Caused by scraping or rubbing

CutAlso called an “incision or

laceration”

Deep cuts damage nerves, large blood vessels, and soft tissue

Important to stop bleeding

PunctureWhen pointed object pierces the

skin Potential for internal bleeding to

occur Increase risk for infection occurs if

object remains in the skin

Avulsion

Wound that results when tissue is separated partly or completely from the victim’s body

(occurs in auto accidents and animal bites)

First Aid for Open Wounds4 steps: Stop the bleeding Protect the wound from infection Treat the victim for shock Seek medical care

Stop the bleedingApply pressure to the top of the wound;

elevate wound above level of victims heart

1.Place cloth over the wound

2-Place palm over cloth; if blood soaks through do not remove original cloth, just add cloth

*If this is not enough…..

Pressure-Point TechniqueApply pressure to main artery supplying

blood to affected limb

2 main arteries: Brachial artery- bring blood to the

arms Femoral artery-brings blood to the

legs

Treatment For ShockShock= failure of the cardiovascular

system to keep blood circulating to vital organs

Common symptoms of shock: Confused behavior Trembling Enlarged pupils Bluish lips/nails

What to DO1- Keep victim lying down on back (feet

elevated 8 to 2 inches above the head)

2-Make sure victim maintains normal body temp.

3-Get medical help

*Never give victim food/drink

Seeking Medical Help…Send someone for

help; never leave the victim

CH: 35 Lesson 2: “First Aid and Poisoning”

Health Ed.

Most poisoning involves children under the age of 6

Between 1 and 2 million occur each year

Symptoms… Sharp abdominal cramps Drowsiness followed by loss of

consciousness Vomiting Chemical odor on the breath

First Aid for Swallowing Poison1- Call poison control center

2-Be prepared to give information on victim

3-Treat victim for shock

*Do not force victim to throw-up

First Aid for Snake Bites….1- keep victim calm

2-keep bitten area below the heart

3-Call for help

4-delay the absorption of venom; because snakes are cold-blooded their venom does the most damage in cold environments; don’t put anything cold on the bite

5-maintain breathing

Only 1% of people bitten by poisonous snakes die each year

First Aid for Touching Poisonous Plant…1- remove contaminated clothing

2-pour water on affected area

3-wash area with soap and water

First Aid for Touching a Poisonous Chemical..

Same procedure as the plant; except that you flood area with water for at least 15 minutes

CH: 35 Lesson 3: “First Aid For Other Injuries”

Health ed.

Nosebleeds…1- keep person quiet

2-lean person forward

3-apply direct pressure to bleeding nostrils

4-apply cold towel to person face

Fractures…Keep the bone end from moving;

Do not try to set the bone immobilize it with a splint

Sprains..Condition caused by

stretching/tearing ligaments

Ligaments= hold bones to joints

1-immoblize

2-elevate

3-cold pack

R.I.C.ER= rest

I= Ice

C=Compression

E=elevate

Burns First degree - sun burn (healing

occurs in 5 to 6 days) Second degree – skin will have

blisters and appear blotchy

( healing 3 to 4 wks) Third degree- all layers of skin

destroyed…nerves…muscles.. fat

Treatment

To treat a first degree burns- submerge the burn in water

Cover with dry, sterile dressings

3rd degree- hospital

(Aloe)

Fainting… 1- DO not prop person up 2- loosen tight clothing 3- maintain open airway 4-sponge person’s face

First Aid for Frostbite..Never rub

affected; re-warm frozen body part by soaking in water

Hurricanes/ Tornados(pg. 708) Watch vs. warning Storm cellar safest place or

hallway/bathtub away from windows If outside, find ditch lay face down

Earthquakes California-

averages 5,000 per yr.

Most casualties result from falling objects or collapsing structures

BlizzardsVisibility is less

than 500 ft

-make sure to stay indoors

-if caught outside keep moving

Other Neat Facts to Remember… The average wait for patients being admitted

to the hospital is – 10 hr

Rabies is treated with antibodies

First degree burn are not life threatening

Skin banks save tissue for skin grafts