Dr. Vijay Marakala, MBBS, MD.

Assistant professor BIOCHEMISTRY SIMS & RC

CELL AND SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE

CONTENT

Introduction Cell membrane

Subcellular organelles

Membrane Transport

CELL

Structural and

functional unit of life

Major components

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm with organelles

Nucleus

Animal Cell

Cell wall

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plant Cell

PROKARYOTES – NO WELL DEFINED NUCLEUS

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)

• Chemical composition

Lipids

Phospholipids

Glycolipids

Cholestrol

Proteins

Integral proteins

Peripheral proteins

Carbohydrates

Glycoproteins

Glycolipids

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL OF CELL MEMBRANE

MEMBRANE LIPIDS

Phospholipids

Glycolipids Cholesterol

MOST MEMBRANE LIPIDS ARE AMPHIPATHIC HAVING NONPOLAR END AND POLAR END.

MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Integral proteins

Peripheral protein

MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES • Play a key role in cell-cell recognition– ability of a cell to distinguish one cell from

another• antigens

– important in organ & tissue development

– basis for rejection of foreign cells by immune system

CELL MEMBRANE

DISORDER OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEIN

Defect in Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein

A Cl

transporter

Cystic Fibrosis

STUDY QUESTIONS

Describe the Fluid mosaic model of Cell membrane.

Describe the composition of Cell

membrane.

Describe the functions of plasma

membrane.