CHAPTER 20

Section 1Kennedy and the Cold War

JACK

John F. Kennedy President 1961-1963 Former Democrat Senator from Massachusetts Presidential Terms known as Camelot Presidency known for 3 crises.

Bay of Pigs Invasion Berlin Wall Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1960

1960 ELECTION NOTES

JOHN F. KENNEDY

CONTRAST OF COLD WAR PRESIDENTS

KennedyTrumanEisenhower

MAKE A TABLE IN YOUR NOTES…

Event Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Wall Crisis

When

Where

What Happened

The Outcome

BAY OF PIGS – APRIL 1961 The Bay of Pigs is a small, southern inlet on the

island of Cuba. (Bay of Triggerfish) It was a failed invasion in attempt to overthrow the

Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Eisenhower’s Idea Headed by the CIA (approved by JFK) Main force was Cuban exiles trained by the CIA.

BAY OF PIGS

Immediate Outcome: Totally unsuccessful. 115 Killed/1,189 Captured Embarrassment for the U.S.

Long Term Effects: More Soviet weapons for Cuba. Increased hostility between the 2 nations. Helped pave the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis.

U.S. = “looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.”

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS – OCTOBER 1962 Cuba & the Caribbean Sea The U.S. confronted Cuba and the Soviet Union

about nuclear weapons that had been placed 90 miles from the U.S.

Kennedy issued a “quarantine” to restrict more ships with weapons from going to Cuba.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

Result: Both Kennedy and Khrushchev feared the start of a

nuclear war. They successfully negotiated an agreement to end the

stand-off. Soviet Union had to remove missiles from Cuba U.S. had to remove missiles from Turkey (secretly).

Outcome: The world was saved. Khrushchev loses power.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISISLong Term Effects: Hot-Line Created: a direct line between the White

House and the Kremlin for communication between the two.

Limited Test Ban Treaty: barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.

BERLIN WALL CRISIS – 1961-1989 Conflict: Too many East Germans are defecting to

West Berlin for freedom. Khrushchev’s Response : Wall around West Berlin The Berlin Wall created many tense moments:

Checkpoint Charlie 133 People killed trying to cross the wall.

THE BERLIN WALL

BERLIN WALL CRISIS

Outcome: Demonstrated the divide between Communism

and Democracy. Example of the powerful will’s by both

superpowers. Tearing down of the wall in 1989 signaled the

coming end of Communism in Europe. Gave David Hasselhoff a chance to show his guitar

skills to a national audience.