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CITY OF COPENHAGEN
MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
ISBN 978-87-91916-28-1 w w w . k k . d k / k p 1 1
M U N I C I P A L P L A N2 0 1 1
C I T Y O F C O P E N H A G E N
The City of Copenhagen, Municipal Plan 2011
can be downloaded at:
www.kk.dk/kp11
or acquired by request to:
City of Copenhagen
Financ Administration
Center for Urban Development
City Hall
1599 Copenhagen V
Telephone 3366 3366
Have questions about Municipal Plan 2011,
please send an email to:
cbu@okf.kk.dk
See The Digital Municipal Plan 2011 to:
www.kk.dk\kp11
CITY OF COPENHAGENMUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
Produced by:
Produced in 2011 by The Finance Administration
in coorporation with other administrations
Published by:
City of Copenhagen, Financ Administration,
Center for Urban Development
Drafting and planning:
City of Copenhagen, Financ Administration,
Center for Urban Development
Pictures and artwork:
COBE
Rishi@HappyLiving.dk
COBE, RAMBØLL, SLETH
Colourbox
City of Copenhagen
Foto of The Lord Mayor by Jakob Carlsen
Pressure at:
Schweitzer A/S
Printed in an edition of 500 copies
Isbn 978-87-91916-28-1
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
This publication is part of the total Municipal Plan 2011.
The full Municipal Plan 2011 including guidelines, framework and
environment impact assesment is available on www.kk.dk/kp11
w w w . k k . d k / k p 1 1
M U N I C I P A L P L A N2 0 1 1
C I T Y O F C O P E N H A G E N
FOREWORD
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
With the City of Copenhagen Municipal Plan 2011, we aim to
prepare Copenhagen for a population of up to 637,000 by 2025. The
city requires up to 45,000 new homes and we aim to provide space
for 2.8 million m2 of new commercial construction. The City of
Copenhagen Municipal Plan 2011 aims to create economic growth
in the entire Øresund Region while at the same time maintaining
Copenhagen as a good city to live in and to visit. We wish to ensure
regional and international collaboration and for this reason, we
have entered into close collaboration with the City of Malmö. We
want Copenhagen-Malmö to be the growth driver of the Øresund
Region and become Scandinavia’s greatest metropolis.
We want to invest in our citizens’ quality of life, maintaining a good
everyday life in Copenhagen and even improving it in some areas.
Our focus areas include construction for children, better conditions
for culture and leisure, improved quality of life for the homeless,
targeted efforts to improve socially troubled neighbourhoods, safety
through joint efforts, more city gardens and a greener city.
Employment must increase in Copenhagen. Hence, we aim to create
20,000 new private-sector jobs and improve businesses’ framework
conditions. We aim for Copenhagen to generate a compound annual
growth rate of 5% towards 2020. Also, 95% of all young people born
in any given year should get secondary education.
Our growth must be sustainable and we want Copenhagen to be the
obvious place to develop and test new environmental and climate
solutions. Our ambitious aim of Copenhagen becoming carbon
neutral by 2025 is one way to achieve this. In order to achieve our
goals, we will establish partnerships for green urban solutions, such
as district cooling and a green lab solution in Nordhavn.
We will optimise the city’s and the region’s accessibility and
mobility by investing in the expansion of our infrastructure,
involving e.g. a harbour tunnel and new metro lines. In the long
term, our vision is that at least one third of all trips in the city
should by made by bike, at least one third by public transport and
not more than one third by car.
We will focus strongly on development to ensure the maximum
return on our investment in urban development and for this reason,
we have identifi ed eight areas that will be subject to new action
plans to ensure the coupling of urban development with the city’s
budgets as well as timely service investments. The City of
Copenhagen cannot do this on its own. We will only succeed if
public and private players team up as partners to invest in urban
development and achieve synergies.
Frank Jensen, Lord Mayor of Copenhagen
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
THE ØRESUND REGION 6Vision 7
The Øresund Region — a growth driver 8
Challenges 10
Our solution 12
COPENHAGEN 14A good everyday–life in Copenhagen 17
Challenges 18
Our solution 19
Knowledge and business in Copenhagen 21
Challenges 22
Our solution 23
Copenhagen as a green growth metropolis 25
Challenges 26
Our solution 27
FOCUSED URBAN DEVELOPMENT 28Action plan areas identifi ed in 2011 30
side 6
T H E Ø R E S U N D R E G I O N —a growth driver
page 7
VISION
page 7
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
BY 2025, COPENHAGEN AND MALMÖ WILL BE AN INTEGRAL METROPOLIS IN WHICH GROWTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE GO HAND IN HAND
BUSINESS HUB, INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE
Copenhagen-Malmö should be Scandinavia’s business hub providing
optimum conditions for the international business sector, and
attracting international head offi ces as well as small innovative
entrepreneurs. The main focus is on enterprises in growth sectors,
such as the cleantech, life science, and creative, maritime and
business service trades and information and communications
technologies. The Øresund Region is Europe’s largest university
region and it should be known for its good study environments, high
research quality and fruitful collaboration with the business sector.
GROWTH DRIVER
Copenhagen-Malmö should be a coherent and sustainable
metropolis creating growth in the Øresund Region as well as in
Denmark and Sweden. Growth created in cities rub off on the
surrounding region and on the entire nation.
SOCIAL BALANCE AND HEALTHY AND GREEN GROWTH
Copenhagen-Malmö should be a socially well-balanced area with
room for everybody. By 2025, the entire Øresund Region will have
grown from 3.7 million inhabitants to a metropolis with 4 million
inhabitants. The two cities should be recognised as good places to
live and to visit and focus should be on healthy and green growth,
giving the citizens the best opportunity to live healthy, meaningful
and long lives.
CARBON NEUTRALITY AND MOBILITY
The Øresund Region should be the fi rst carbon neutral border region
by 2030. Copenhagen-Malmö should be the place to go if you want
to study and test state-of-the-art solutions for renewable energy,
sustainable urban planning and sustainable transport. The two cities
should be linked closer together by improving traffi c connections to
and inside the region.
page 8
The Øresund Region — a growth driver
THE ØRESUND REGION — A GROWTH DRIVER
NEUTRAL
HEALTHY AND GREEN GROWTH
Copenhagen and Malmö must be CO2 neutral in 2025 and 2030 respectively
CO2
Copenhagen and Malmö will be a laboratory for testing new healthcare technologies and cleantech solutions
MOBILITYCopenhagen and Malmö will create efficient traffic connections to and from the region
EURO
PE
THE WO
RLD
page 9
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
SOCIAL BALANCECopenhagen and Malmö must remain one of the world's best places to live and visit
INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE
BUSINESS
Copenhagen and Malmö want to attract international talent and strengthen cooperation between research institutions and businesses
Copenhagen and Malmö must be Scandinavia's business hub for business service and transport and logistics
THE
NO
RTH
page 10
The Øresund Region — a growth driver
CHALLENGES
MANY NEW CITIZENS MOVING TO COPENHAGEN-MALMÖ
Today, Copenhagen and Malmö make up Scandinavia’s largest urban
area and both cities are seeing the strongest population growth
since World War II. Cities play a central role in the global
development and so do Copenhagen and Malmö in relation to the
Øresund Region and the rest of Denmark and Sweden. The
population growth in the Øresund Region indicates that the cities
are good places to live, work and invest in. Hence, the challenge of
making room for the many new citizens is a positive one that can
only be met through hard work and strong focus.
LACK OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE ØRESUND REGION
Growth is generated in large cities – 90% of all innovation takes
place in the large cities around the world, among other things
because cities have the best access to knowledge, which is the
foundation of all innovation. For many years, the Øresund Region
has recorded only average growth compared with its usual peer
regions. Growth in Copenhagen is slightly below 2%, while Malmö
posts growth slightly above 3%. Hence, the Øresund Region is not
performing satisfactorily in terms of GDP growth and in terms of
attracting foreign students and researchers, number of employees
in high-tech enterprises or number of patents per capita. For this
reason, focus should be on strengthening growth and employment
in the coming years. Also, the Øresund Region is facing a challenge
when it comes to unemployment.
BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE
Copenhagen and Malmö must deal with the increasing motor traffi c
in and to the two cities. There is no doubt that the region’s traffi c
hub, the Øresund Bridge and Copenhagen Airport, will come under
pressure. Even if the fi nancial crisis has temporarily curbed growth
in traffi c across Øresund, both the motorway and railway capacity
will become a bottleneck in the longer term, especially with the
opening of the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link between Denmark and
Germany. In addition, both Malmö and Copenhagen are already
experiencing problems with congestion on the main access roads
and in the city centres. Copenhagen Airport’s status as an
international hub in Northern Europe is being challenged by
competing airports. Hence, Copenhagen Airport has declined from
the 10th place to no. 15 on the list of the busiest European airports.
AMBITIOUS CLIMATE GOALS
75% of the world’s carbon emissions comes from urban areas and
for this reason, meeting the ambitious goals of carbon neutrality by
2025 in Copenhagen and by 2030 in Malmö is quite a challenge.
Collaboration between the two cities must be strengthened with a
view to making the Øresund Region a power house for green
growth. This will contribute to reducing carbon emissions and at the
same time improve general health.
page 10
side 11
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
2010 2015 2020 2025 20302
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
GOAL FOR CO EMISSIONS IN THOUSAND TONS / YEAR
MALMÖ
COPENHAGEN
THE REGION SHALL BE-NEUTRAL
CO2
637.000
4 MIO
370.000
2011 2015 2020 20250
400
800
3200
3600
4000
THE ØRESUND REGION
POPULATION PROGNOSES IN THOUSAND PEOPLE
COPENHAGEN
MALMÖ
THE CITIES MUST ACCOMODATE THE POPULATION
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
5,7
5,4
UNEMPLOYMENT AS PERCENTAGE
COPENHAGEN
MALMÖ
UNEMPLOYMENT HAS GROWNI THE ØRESUND REGION
0
10
20
30
40
50
HA
MBU
RG
MA
LMÖ
CO
PEN
HA
GEN
OSL
O
HEL
SIN
KI
STO
CKH
OLM
PERCENT OF POPULATION BETWEEN 25 AND 64 YEARS OF AGE WITH HIGHER LEVEL EDUCATION - 2004
HIGHLY EDUCATED PEOPLEMUST BE ATTRACTED
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
CO
PEN
HA
GEN
MA
LMÖ
HEL
SIN
KI
STO
CKH
OLM
COMPETITIVENESSSHALL BE STRENGTHENED
PERCENT OF GROWTH IN GDP IN THE YEARS 1995-2007
COPENHAGEN AIRPORTIS LOW IN RANKINGS
BRUMXPOSLVIEMAN
ORY
LGW
LHRCDG
FRAMAD
AMS
FCOMUC
BCN
DUB PMI STN ZRHCPH
LHR
FRA
CDG ORY AMSLGW FCO
MADZHR CPH MUC FBU PMI MAN DUS ARN IST BRU BCN LIN
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 million. passenger
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20RANKING OF AIRPORTS IN EUROPE
2008
1998
page 12
The Øresund Region — a growth driver
OUR SOLUTION
CARLSBERG
SYDHAVN
ØRESTAD
COPENHAGEN AIRPORT
The City Ring
VALBY
NORDHAVN
Cruise Ship terminal
Cycle paths
Copenhagen Uni HospitalSCIENCE CITY NORTH CAMPUS
Partnership for Tingbjerg
City net 18
IT Uni.
DTU
CBS KAA
KU
ESS
Setting up of infrastucturefor cars running on electricity and hydrogen
Bispebjerg Hospital
UN-CityEU
ROPE
HEALTHY, GREEN GROWTH AND SOCIAL BALANCE
• promote wind energy in the Øresund Region. A number of public
and private players in and around Copenhagen and Malmö are
working with the storing of energy and supply of new urban
development areas.
• increase growth and employment by improving conditions for
cleantech enterprises in the Øresund Region.
• host more international climate, energy and environmental
congresses together with relevant NGOs.
• improve the methods of working with social innovation,
especially in troubled neighbourhoods. This is done in
collaboration with universities on both sides of Øresund, Region
Skåne and a number of creative players and social entrepreneurs.
MOBILITY AND CARBON NEUTRALITY
• examine the capacity on the Øresund Bridge, including e.g. a
new direct and rapid transit connection between the two city
centres and a faster connection to Hamburg.
• strengthen existing fl ight connections and attracting new direct,
international connections to Copenhagen. Copenhagen
Connected is a route development project supported by the
government, regional, local-government and private partners on
both sides of Øresund.
THE BUSINESS SECTOR, INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE
• develop European Spallation Source (ESS) and Max IV to become
one of the world’s largest and most advanced research facilities.
With ESS, Scandinavia will have its fi rst, major pan-European
research facility.
• ensure space for future enterprises and eliminate barriers for
entrepreneurs in the region. In addition, Copenhagen and
Malmö have adopted joint strategies to attract and retain
qualifi ed labour.
• convince 1,200 enterprises to initiate collaboration and trade
across Øresund in the project Øresund Business Match. The aim
is to combine Danish-Swedish capital investments in business
development projects. This collaboration covers the entire
Øresund Region.
page 13
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
TH
E N
OR
TH
SUS Malmö
Area program Lindängen etc.
SUS Lund
NYHAMNEN
NORRA SORGENFRI
Cleantech City
VÄSTRA HAMNEN
HYLLIE
The City Tunnel
The City Circle
Better bus connections
BETTER CONNECTION OVER ØRESUND
Trains
NORRA HAMNEN
COMMON PROJECTS
Cycle paths
Promotion of wind energy
Sustainable Business Hub
MAH
Copenhagen Connected
Better connection over Øresund
System Export of cleantech solutions
Localization of growth industries
Øresund Business Match
Combined commercial and residential units in Rosengård
Solar City
LU
LTH
World Village of Women Sports
Stapelbäddsparken
MEDEON
MAXLAB IV
THE WORLD
Setting up of infrastucturefor cars running on electricity and hydrogen
SLU Alnarp
VISION
Copenhagen —green growth and quality of life
C O P E N H A G E N —green growth and quality of life
page 15
VISION
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
• A GOOD EVERYDAY-LIFE IN COPENHAGEN
By 2025, Copenhagen will still be one of the best cities in the world
to live in and be a safe, inspiring and diverse city with its own
special and unique character with a mix of old and new buildings,
green lungs and people in the city space.
• KNOWLEDGE AND BUSINESS IN COPENHAGEN
By 2025, Copenhagen will be a knowledge city attracting and
retaining foreign students, researchers, employees and enterprises.
Going towards 2020, average annual growth should be 5%. Growth
and prosperity go hand in hand because the sectors which the city
lives by support a greener, healthier and more exiting city.
• COPENHAGEN AS A GREEN GROWTH METROPOLIS
By 2025, Copenhagen will be the world’s fi rst carbon neutral capital
and have a leading edge on green technology and innovation in
Europe. Also, Copenhagen will be the no. 1 bike city in the world.
The urban development will remain sustainable, which means that
environmental, social and economic development go hand in hand.
page 16 page 16
A G O O D E V E R Y D A Y – L I F E I N C O P E N H A G E N
page 17
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
A GOOD EVERYDAY–LIFE IN COPENHAGEN
BY 2025, COPENHAGEN WILL STILL BE ONE OF THE BEST CITIES IN THE WORLD TO LIVE IN AND BE A SAFE, INSPIRING AND DIVERSE CITY WITH ITS OWN SPECIAL AND UNIQUE CHARACTER WITH A MIX OF OLD AND NEW BUILDINGS, GREEN LUNGS AND PEOPLE IN THE CITY SPACE
AN INCLUSIVE AND SAFE CITY
Copenhagen should be the place where you feel at home, trust your
neighbour and participate in your community, e.g. on school boards
or in sports club. Copenhagen should be the most inclusive city in
Europe by 2015. Copenhageners should be able to move around
their city at all hours of day and everybody should feel safe all
everywhere. By 2025, Copenhagen wants to be a diverse and socially
balanced capital characterised by respect and inclusiveness.
GOOD CULTURAL AND LEISURE FACILITIES AND GREEN LUNGS
The design of the city space impacts how Copenhageners move
around the city and how they use the city in their spare time.
Copenhagen should have cultural and leisure facilities for both
organised and non-organised sports which should refl ect and
encourage the city’s diverse cultural life. Copenhagen should
remain a green city with active green areas and peaceful green
lungs giving Copenhageners valuable experiences in their everyday
life.
A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE
By 2025, Copenhagen will have up to 637,000 inhabitants and most
of them will be young people and families with children.
Copenhageners should have easy access to child care in the city’s
day care institutions, schools should be modern and attractive and
culture and leisure offers should be up-to-date. Up to 45,000 new
rented and owner-occupied homes of various sizes and price ranges
should be built to ensure homes for everybody. Disadvantaged areas
should be better integrated with the rest of the city. The many new
homes should contribute to creating life and variation in old as well
as new urban areas and should refl ect innovative and sustainable
architecture.
page 18
Copenhagen —green growth and quality of life
CHALLENGES
70% OF WORLD POPULATION
WILL LIVE IN CITIES BY 2050
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CORE SERVICES UNDER PRESSURE
Copenhagen has undergone some major changes since the late
1990s. New urban areas have emerged with more than 18,000 new
homes being built between 2000 and 2010. This has resulted in
pressure on local government core services which are necessary for
the city and everyday life. According to population forecasts, by
2025 there will be almost 22,000 more children and young people
under the age of 18 and around 33,000 more citizens between the
age of 18 and 29. This means that more schools, day care
institutions, sports and cultural facilities are required in the years
ahead together with investments in an expanded infrastructure.
MORE HOMES REQUIRED
With More Copenhageners on the way, more homes are needed in
the city. Larger homes which are affordable to young families and
fi rst-home buyers as well as more housing for young people are on
the city’s wish list. Small and outdated homes for senior citizens
should be refurbished and adapted to future needs. Some of the
city’s social housing areas are monotonous in terms of architecture
and functionality. Efforts should be made to create more variation,
among other things by fi tting in business functions and workplaces
to attract visitors from outside to such areas.
DISADVANTAGED RESIDENTIAL AREAS
In the autumn of 2010, central government identifi ed ten
disadvantaged residential areas in Copenhagen. The City of
Copenhagen and central government have a joint responsibility to
lift these areas and at the same time reduce the social and health
inequalities. The quality of life in troubled residential areas should
be increased by ensuring more integration with the remaining city,
both socially and physically. The large health and income related
differences across neighbourhoods will divide the city, if steps are
not taken to prevent it.
MORE LEISURE ACTIVITIES, RECREATIONAL AREAS AND CULTURAL OFFERS
Copenhagen needs to prioritise a broader framework for its cultural
life, an active leisure life and recreational offers in the green areas.
The green areas should inspire adults who do not usually exercise to
use the areas actively in their leisure life. With more Copenhageners
in the future, new and improved cultural and leisure facilities as
well as new green areas are required. Temporary city space, city
gardens, playing fi elds, local sports facilities and halls should be
established.
SAFETY COULD BE BETTER
Compared with other cities, Copenhagen is a city with low crime
rates where the citizens feel relatively safe. Unfortunately, not all
citizens feel safe and some have experienced crime. This applies
particularly to areas which attract many visitors from the outside.
Also, there are areas in which crime, physical isolation and a bad
reputation combine to compromise safety.
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
OUR SOLUTION
side 19
1. CONSTRUCTION FOR THE CITY’S CHILDREN
Copenhagen is an attractive city for families with children. For this
reason, we focus on expanding our day care services and schools to
make room for the city’s children. Our aim is that all children in
Copenhagen should be offered day care services within four
kilometres from their home.
2. INCREASED FOCUS ON DISADVANTAGED RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND URBAN RENEWAL
The City of Copenhagen has identifi ed six areas which cover the ten
disadvantaged residential areas identifi ed by central government.
When it comes to the city’s general development, these six areas
are lagging behind and they are in special need of social
development and physical investments. In this respect, the City of
Copenhagen is preparing a ’Policy for disadvantaged urban areas’
which is to result in an actual strategy for troubled residential areas.
3. IMPROVED CONDITIONS FOR CULTURE AND LEISURE
The City of Copenhagen will continue to restore and modernise the
city’s worn-down cultural and leisure facilities and build new ones.
We aim to fi nd innovative and unconventional solutions, e.g. by
placing culture houses, libraries and schools in the same building.
At the same time, our urban design of new and existing areas
should favour non-organised sports and ensure a good framework
for a healthy and active leisure life. For instance, we want to
promote peaceful green lungs, super bike paths, combined sports
and play grounds, jogging paths, multi-purpose fi elds and city
beaches.
4. MORE CITY GARDENS AND GREEN SPOTS
The City of Copenhagen focuses on creating city gardens/small parks
which stimulate your senses, surprise you and encourage physical
exercise and recreation. In 2012, Copenhagen will have two new city
gardens, one at Litauens Plads on Vesterbro and one in Gammel
Valby. Also, we are working on planting more trees and other
plantation and on establishing green roofs and roof gardens to
make the city more green.
page 20 page 20
K N O W L E D G E A N D B U S I N E S S I N C O P E N H A G E N
page 21
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
KNOWLEDGE AND BUSINESS IN COPENHAGEN
BY 2025, COPENHAGEN WILL BE A KNOWLEDGE CITY ATTRACTING AND RETAINING FOREIGN STU-DENTS, RESEARCHERS, EMPLOYEES AND ENTERPRISES. GOING TOWARDS 2020, AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH SHOULD BE 5%. GROWTH AND PROSPERITY GO HAND IN HAND BECAUSE THE SECTORS WHICH THE CITY LIVES BY SUPPORT A GREENER, HEALTHIER AND MORE EXITING CITY
IMPROVED PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUSINESSES
Enterprises’ conditions for achieving economic growth should
improve. These conditions include the physical framework, a well-
functioning public transport system and car access for enterprises
which need cars in their day-to-day operation. It should be easier to
be a small or medium sized enterprise in Copenhagen and it should
be easier to start a new enterprise. Going forward towards 2025, 2.8
million m2 of new commercial construction in Copenhagen is on the
drawing boards. In addition to improving basic conditions, public-
private collaboration should be strengthened through the
establishment of partnerships.
STRENGTHENING OF INNOVATION, KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION
The quality of Copenhagen’s labour force should be boosted. The
level of education should be high and the share of Copenhageners
with short educations should be low. 95% of all young people born
in any given year should receive more than primary education and
the city’s public schools are an important source of students for
secondary and higher education. Copenhagen should be better at
attracting foreign students, researchers and employees.
International schools should be available, and integration efforts
should be in focus, ensuring fi rst-rate and inspiring study, research
and work environments. Copenhagen should spearhead research
and innovation within the health area.
INCREASING EMPLOYMENT
Employment must increase in Copenhagen and by 2025, 20,000 new
private jobs are needed in the city, especially within business
services, the retail trade, hotels and restaurants, education as well
as creative and maritime jobs. Hence, Copenhagen should attract
Danish and foreign enterprises which can help create jobs in the
city. Also, Copenhagen should be an attractive tourist destination
and a platform for international conferences and events.
page 22
Copenhagen —green growth and quality of life
CHALLENGES
LACK OF QUALIFIED LABOUR
In Copenhagen and the rest of the Capital Region of Denmark,
qualifi ed labour will become an even scarcer resource over the next
ten years. According to forecasts, the capital region will lack more
than 100,000 skilled people while unskilled jobs will decrease
rapidly. Upgrading unskilled people and fi nding jobs to the many
people of working age who are out of work today is a huge
challenge. In order to attract bright heads, Copenhagen should be
able to offer housing, advisory services in respect of Danish rules
and systems and better integration and introduction into Danish
ways and traditions in the sports and leisure life. Copenhagen
should improve its skills in this respect.
THE PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENTERPRISES IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH
In a survey of the local business climate conducted by the
Confederation of Danish Industry, Copenhagen ranked as no. 83 out
of 96 municipalities. Enterprises’ growth conditions, including the
physical framework, should be improved. The city should make room
for modern industry and production which is compatible with life in
the city.
INNOVATION AND COLLABORATION WITH KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTIONS
Only 34% of the capital’s enterprises are innovative and only 13%
collaborate with universities. Copenhagen’s framework for
innovative collaboration across knowledge institutions, enterprises
and public players should be optimised with a view to exploiting the
growth potential associated with exporting welfare initiatives and
environmental solutions.
TOURISM AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS TO BE STRENGTHENED
Over the last 10 years, the number of hotel rooms in Copenhagen
has increased by around 40% and this larger capacity implies a
stronger need for attracting tourists. The City of Copenhagen should
be better at attracting and holding international events such as
knowledge-based congresses contributing to attracting
international enterprises and labour. Copenhagen is also lagging
behind when it comes to attracting foreign investments.
CONGESTION IMPAIRS MOBILITY
Every day, citizens and businesses waste around 160,000 hours in
traffi c jams. Experience from other cities show that the introduction
of congestion charges reduces traffi c jams and signifi cantly
improves passability. Also, the introduction of the metro city circle
line (Cityringen), will strengthen the alternative to cars
considerably, but public regional transport should also be
strengthened to encourage commuters to take the train.
ENTREPRENEURS FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES ARE NOT GROWING
Today, entrepreneurs account for the major part of Copenhagen’s
enterprises and they will continue to do so in the future, but only
few of these enterprises survive for more than two years. The City of
Copenhagen must be able to offer the right framework for the many
small enterprises and should help them grow, among other things
by stimulating their international perspectives.
90%OF ALL INNOVATIONHAPPENS IN METROPOLISES
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
page 23
OUR SOLUTION
1. INVESTMENTS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT – EMPLOYMENT FOR IDLE HANDS
The City of Copenhagen creates jobs for idle hands in the building
and construction sector by investing in urban development. Up to
2014, the City of Copenhagen will invest DKK 11 billion in 530
building and construction projects which will benefi t
Copenhageners of all ages and all neighbourhoods. During the
construction phase, the projects will create 11,000 jobs and increase
growth in the city.
2. BETTER TRAFFIC CONNECTIONS AND PARKING CAPACITY
The need for developing and planning a harbour tunnel still exists
and for this reason, central and local government have joined forces
to examine the possibilities of establishing an eastward by-pass
road in the form of a harbour tunnel. The purpose of the tunnel is to
improve accessibility to the city and contribute to reducing through
traffi c in the city centre. Also, the City of Copenhagen is examining
the required parking capacity for the entire city and its inhabitants
and business community. Furthermore, the regional railways should
be strengthened to ensure enterprises better access to labour from
all over Zealand.
3. HEALTHY GROWTH
Good health is a prerequisite for growth. Healthy growth is about
employment, investments and knowledge. Copenhagen focuses on
new solutions supporting its citizens’ health and encouraging private
enterprises and research and knowledge institutions to contribute
to meeting the challenges we are facing. This way, enterprises and
research and educational institutions contribute to developing better
and cheaper public services for the benefi t of citizens, employees
and the public sector. Also, new products and services are developed
which improve enterprises’ competitiveness and generate growth in
society.
4. IMPROVED PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK AND MARKETING OF COMMERCIAL AREAS
An overall plan should be prepared for Copenhagen’s ability to
match enterprises’ requirements. In collaboration with Copenhagen
Capacity and Invest in Denmark, the City of Copenhagen will promote
its commercial areas and market the city as a good place to invest in
and operate a business.
page 24 page 24
C O P E N H A G E N A S A G R E E N G R O W T H M E T R O P O L I S
page 25
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
COPENHAGEN AS A GREEN GROWTH METROPOLIS
BY 2025, COPENHAGEN WILL BE THE WORLD’S FIRST CARBON NEUTRAL CAPITAL AND HAVE A LEADING EDGE ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN EUROPE. ALSO, COPENHAGEN WILL BE THE NO. 1 BIKE CITY IN THE WORLD. THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT WILL REMAIN SUSTAINABLE, WHICH MEANS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GO HAND IN HAND
THE WORLD’S FIRST CARBON NEUTRAL CAPITAL
Copenhagen wants to become the world’s fi rst carbon neutral
capital by 2025, while at the same time increasing employment and
spurring growth. Copenhagen should continue to develop a
framework for joint urban solutions which have a positive impact on
the environment, growth and on the Copenhageners’ health.
Among other things, future district heating will be based on green
energy and the City of Copenhagen will work for the installation of
around 130 large wind turbines and retrofi t its own buildings.
GREEN MOBILITY
Copenhagen should promote accessibility with the world’s best
biking system and an up-to-date and coherent public transport
system. In the long term, the vision is that at least one third of all
driven traffi c in the city should be made by bike, at least one third
by public transport and not more than one third by car. Towards
2025, the aim is that the main part (at least two thirds) of growth in
total traffi c should be by green means of transport, i.e. walking, bike
and public transport, hence gradually developing more sustainable
traffi c patterns. Compared with 2011, the number of passengers in
public transport in Copenhagen should increase by 2% in 2015 and
by 20% in 2023. The target in terms of biking is that half of all trips
to and from work or educational institutions should be made by bike
in 2015. Also, the aim for pedestrians is an increase of 20% by 2015.
GREEN GROWTH LAB
Copenhagen should be a green growth lab, where enterprises from all
over the world can develop, test and showcase the most up-to-date
and inspiring environmental solutions and energy supply. Copenhagen
is acknowledged worldwide as a green and environmental-friendly
city, which should be exploited to create even better conditions for
the region’s cleantech enterprises and attract investments. During the
period 2011-2015, employment in cleantech enterprises should grow
by 20% in the capital region. With the development of Nordhavn, the
City of Copenhagen wishes to test and introduce major system
solutions covering e.g. geothermal energy, central solar collector
facilities and heat storage.
page 26
Copenhagen —green growth and quality of life
CHALLENGES
FIERCE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION ON GREEN GROWTH
The word’s cities are fi ghting hard to top the green growth agenda.
Cities like Stockholm, Seoul and Singapore are already squeezing
Copenhagen in this competition. If the city does not have a clear
strategy and remain in control, Copenhagen is at risk of becoming
marginalised in low-growth Europe.
STRONGER CLEANTECH SECTOR REQUIRED
On a global scale, the cleantech sector is growing and this sector is
essential in the efforts to create the innovation required in the
climate area. The cleantech enterprises in the Copenhagen area
should be strengthened, if Copenhagen is to boost its
competitiveness on green growth and generate new jobs and
stronger growth. The City of Copenhagen has adopted massive
investments in green growth and climate initiatives which are
expected to generate around 1,400 new jobs (full-time equivalents)
in the years ahead.
PARTNERSHIPS, PLEASE!
Copenhagen is facing a serious challenge of ensuring the required
innovation and the competencies relevant for achieving the
ambitious carbon aims. For this reason, new innovative
collaboration forms should be developed between the City of
Copenhagen and private players and knowledge institutions to show
the way for public/private partnership.
REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS AND THE CITY’S ENERGY CONSUMPTION
The energy consumption accounts for around 75% of the city’s total
carbon emission. According to the green accounts for 2010,
Copenhagen emitted the same amount of carbon in 2010 as in 2005,
which was 2.5 million tonnes. Adjusted for the extra heating
requirement due to the cold winter in 2010, carbon emissions for
2010 were 4% lower than emissions in 2009. At the same time, the
number of citizens in Copenhagen increased by 6%, whereas the
electricity consumption increased by only 3% in the same period.
This indicates that carbon emissions and electricity consumption
have now decoupled from the city’s growth and this development
should be maintained.
ACCESSIBILITY IS CHALLENGED WITH THE INCREASING POPULATION
The number of cars in Copenhagen has increased over the past years
and motor traffi c in the city streets has increased by 5% over the
past 10 years. If motor traffi c increases in line with the city’s growth,
it would imply declining average speed, more time lost due to traffi c
jams, increased air pollution and higher carbon emissions. However,
from 2000 to 2010, biking traffi c increased by 13% and the number
of passengers using public transport has gone up since 2002, mainly
due to the metro.
75% OF THE WORLD´S CO2 EMISSIONS
IT ORIGINATES FROM URBAN AREAS
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
OUR SOLUTION
page 27
1. PARTNERSHIPS FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
The City of Copenhagen establishes partnerships for green urban
solutions ensuring a reduction of carbon emissions as well as
improving the framework for green mobility, green energy
production and green energy consumption. Joint projects between
the City of Copenhagen, energy companies, enterprises, land
owners, investors, universities and other public authorities will
result in innovation and serve as a showcase for a future sustainable
city.
2. EXPANSION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND GREEN MOBILITY
The City of Copenhagen wants to encourage both new and old road
users to choose greener and healthier means of transport. The
urban development will be concentrated around stations and
existing and new railways and metro lines. With the plan Bynet
2018, we aim to integrate buses, metro and S-trains, creating an
effi cient public transport system. Also, we will examine the
possibilities of expanding the metro system and constructing a light
rail line. Cyclists and pedestrians will also be integrated into the
public transport plans. Finally, we are working with electric and
hydrogen vehicles.
3. NEW SYSTEM SOLUTIONS IN COPENHAGEN SUITABLE FOR EXPORT
We want to give cleantech enterprises the opportunity to test new,
green solutions on a larger scale in our new urban development
areas, such as Nordhavn, including new energy forms, district
cooling and waste handling. With the right promotion, Copenhagen
could become a leading player in these areas and the cleantech
enterprises could export their solutions to other cities.
4. RETROFITTING OF BUILDINGS
In order to achieve the ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral
by 2025, the City of Copenhagen will invest in retrofi tting of its own
buildings. In addition, we need to enter into new collaboration
forms with private players on retrofi tting of the remaining stock of
buildings.
side 28
F O C U S E D U R B A N D E V E L O P M E N T
page 29
VISION
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
With 637,000 Copenhageners by 2025, we need to focus on urban
development enabling the City of Copenhagen to target its
investments. Depending on the demographical changes in the city
and on the size of government and private investments, the City of
Copenhagen can achieve its visions by prioritising the development
areas.
By supporting urban development in the areas already benefi ting
from government or private investments, we can achieve synergies
and intensify the effect of these investments by adding local
government investments and for this purpose, the City of
Copenhagen will identify new action plan areas each year. Hence,
focused urban development is a dynamic tool which can identify
new areas on a current basis, while other areas are cut out as they
are completed.
Our efforts concerning the action plans and focused urban
development should be viewed in the context of the efforts already
being made within urban renewal, overall plans and troubled urban
areas.
9page 29
page 30
Focused urban development
ACTION PLAN AREAS IDENTIFIED IN 2011
NORDVESTThe area covers Bispebjerg Hospital, Nørrebro Station and Dorthea-
vej. Bispebjerg Hospital will be expanded at a cost of DKK 3.98
billion and the Bispebjerg area will be opened and integrated with
the city with better connections to the surrounding neighbourhoods.
The area around Nørrebro Station (where a new metro station will
open in 2018) requires a strengthening of coherence and safety.
Furthermore, the effects of the many projects in the area should be
strengthened. The area around Dortheavej will see the construction
of a youth centre, culture house, library and a neighbourhood square,
a traffi c safety project and new social housing projects (Almen
Bolig+). Better relations should be created between users and citizens
in the area and the public space should be exploited in a better way.
SCIENCE CITY NORTH CAMPUSIn the years ahead, investments will be made in the modernisation
of the university facilities of the North Campus (Niels Bohr Science
Park, Panum and Pharma Science Park), Copenhagen University
Hospital and public transport. Central government investments in
the area amount to more than DKK 4 billion and a development plan
has been prepared for the area covering a strategy and various
project proposals. The aim is to ensure better physical correlation in
the area, to strengthen collaboration between the University of
Copenhagen, the business sector and the city and to upgrade the
area in general.
VALBY SOUTHOnce the relocation of the former industrial area has been completed,
Valby Syd should be prepared for establishing new interesting neigh-
bourhoods which maintain the historical references. The construction
of the new railway line between Copenhagen and Ringsted will pave
the way for new road and path systems. With Ny Ellebjerg station as the
main hub, Valby Syd will become an important traffi c hub in the city.
SYDHAVNSluseholmen consists of residential blocks surrounded by canals and
is characterised by its special maritime environment. Sydhavn will
be completed and developed with residential areas, cultural and
service industries, providing homes for many new Copenhageners.
Sydhavn supports the use of the harbour for recreational purposes,
upgrades the waterfront and ensures the connection to the
surrounding neighbourhoods and the rest of the city.
CARLSBERG
page 31
CITY OF COPENHAGEN MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
NORDHAVNNordhavn could become one of the largest urban development
projects in Scandinavia and the ambition is for Nordhavn to become
a model for sustainable urban development. Hence, Nordhavn must
be prepared for future developments. The area has room for a potential
40,000 inhabitants and a corresponding number of workplaces.
Nordhavn should contribute to realising the vision of Copenhagen
as a green lab for sustainable urban solutions and make room for
many new Copenhageners.
NORDØST AMAGERThe area of Nordøstamager has attracted substantial investments
over the past years in public transport, including the metro, and in
recreational facilities, such as Amager Strandpark and the coming
marina. The area is close to the airport but also contains worn-down
industrial areas which could be exploited much better. The area
could potentially attract enterprises and hence workplaces to the
city. Amager Strandpark and the marina could also be deployed in a
better way, which would help improve safety in the area.
ØRESTADØrestad is bordering on areas of natural beauty with easy access to
the city centre. Over the past few years, Ørestad has developed into
an effi cient, modern city with residential and commercial areas and
rapid transit public transport. In addition, the neighbourhood is
well-known for its architecture. This development must continue to
complete the Ørestad area. The completion of Ørestad should
contribute to ensuring room for the many new Copenhageners, who
would like to live close to areas of natural beauty and the city, and
to attracting enterprises requiring a large domicile and fast access
to the capital region, Sweden and the rest of the world.
KØDBYEN AND POLITITORVETThe area from Kødbyen (the old meat district) to Polititorvet covers
Kødbyen, Kalvebod Brygge, which will be expanded by Kalvebod
Bølgen, Falckhuset and Polititorvet, which is to be developed. This
urban development will contribute to generating growth and jobs,
e.g. in creative trades, and to improving the use of public transport
and the relations to the surrounding areas. Also, the various projects
are to ensure attractive access to new leisure activities, a good
connection between city and waterfront and support the use of the
harbour for recreational purposes.
The City of Copenhagen, Municipal Plan 2011
can be downloaded at:
www.kk.dk/kp11
or acquired by request to:
City of Copenhagen
Financ Administration
Center for Urban Development
City Hall
1599 Copenhagen V
Telephone 3366 3366
Have questions about Municipal Plan 2011,
please send an email to:
cbu@okf.kk.dk
See The Digital Municipal Plan 2011 to:
www.kk.dk\kp11
CITY OF COPENHAGENMUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
Produced by:
Produced in 2011 by The Finance Administration
in coorporation with other administrations
Published by:
City of Copenhagen, Financ Administration,
Center for Urban Development
Drafting and planning:
City of Copenhagen, Financ Administration,
Center for Urban Development
Pictures and artwork:
COBE
Rishi@HappyLiving.dk
COBE, RAMBØLL, SLETH
Colourbox
City of Copenhagen
Foto of The Lord Mayor by Jakob Carlsen
Pressure at:
Schweitzer A/S
Printed in an edition of 500 copies
Isbn 978-87-91916-28-1
CITY OF COPENHAGEN
MUNICIPAL PLAN 2011
ISBN 978-87-91916-28-1 w w w . k k . d k / k p 1 1
M U N I C I P A L P L A N2 0 1 1
C I T Y O F C O P E N H A G E N