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BIZ-NOVA IT PROJECTMANAGEMENT
“Things an IT PM Should Know”
BIZ-NOVA IT PROJECTMANAGEMENT
“Things an IT PM Should Know”
Instructor: Ty Howard, PMP
Biography:
Ty Howard is the founder and president of Biz-Nova Consulting, LLC® He is an experienced instructor and practitioner with over 15 years training experience. His background extends into corporate, government and academia. Ty is a Project Management Professional (PMP), and has established several Project Management Offices in his career. Ty has not only taught at the university level, but is also a professional speaker and he has been the keynote speaker at large conferences such as the CIO Executive Council, Arizona Governors Office for Information Technology, and the Project Management Institute.
His educational credentials consist of bachelors in Sociology/Criminal Justice, Masters Degree in Public Administration and a Masters in Instructional Technology, he believes education is a life time commitment and that learning should be interactive and motivate learners to grasp the material
International AwardsComputer World “40 IT Leaders of the Future”CIO Magazine “Leaders to Watch”PMI National’s Eric Jenette Award “Advancing the Project Management Profession
For classes and seminars, go to www.biz-nova.com
Contact information:BIZ-NOVA Consulting
P.O. Box 36492 Phoenix, AZ 85067-6492
Customer Care: 877-494-8342, opt 2 Fax: 877-494-8342
customercare@biz-nova.com
Contact information:BIZ-NOVA Consulting
P.O. Box 36492 Phoenix, AZ 85067-6492
Customer Care: 877-494-8342, opt 2 Fax: 877-494-8342
customercare@biz-nova.com
• PM TRAINING THAT WORKS• PM TRAINING THAT WORKS
Objectives
HOW?
Goal
WHAT?
Link Business & Technology
TechnologyVision
Business Vision
TechnologyVision
Business Vision • Business Continuity Disaster Recovery
• Environmental Performance• Maintenance Processes and Procedures• Vendor Management and Service Level Agreements• State-of-the art technology improvements• Technology application to business environments
• Rolls into the Direction of the organization • Tells what needs to be accomplished to reach the the organization’s vision
• How the organization know it reached goal• Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time bound
Tactics
Provides you withinteractive models and simulations to ensure
concrete learning!
Provides you withinteractive models and simulations to ensure
concrete learning!
IT-Business “Align Efforts”
IT
Sponsor
Business
IT-SponsorPlanningSessions
IT-SponsorPlanningSessions
IT IT
Business
SessionLeader
Project Charter
Interactive Facilitation…team buy-inAnd commitment. Very educationalExperience for all
Tricks, tools and techniquesthat work in “real life”
Tricks, tools and techniquesthat work in “real life”
Fishbone Diagram and ADWR Planning Sessions
IT Sponsor Staff
IT-SponsorPlanningSessions
IT-SponsorPlanningSessions
IT IT
HR PAPER SYSTEM
SEPARATION
SCANNED DATA
SEPARATION
ORACLE (PO Tracking)
SEPARATION
HELPSTAR
USAS (DOA)Cobalt
Inventory Tracking Systems
IT
Procurement
Facilities
Accountant
DOA
HR
GITA ReportCustomer SupportTracking
GITA ReportCustomer SupportTracking
Tracking Expenditures•Communication Button•Centralization•Queries•No Yellow Copies
Tracking Expenditures•Communication Button•Centralization•Queries•No Yellow Copies
SPREADSHEET
Track Employee Inventory•Keys•Phones•Purchase Cards•Building Cards•Chairs•Parking Cards•Badges
Track Employee Inventory•Keys•Phones•Purchase Cards•Building Cards•Chairs•Parking Cards•Badges
•Policy &•Training
•Policy &•Training
•Vendor•Serial#•Barcode•Asset#
•Vendor•Serial#•Barcode•Asset#
•Purchase Card•Blg Card•Office Keys•Stairwell keys•PCards•Parking Sticker•Mod Keys•T-Cards•Cell phones
•Purchase Card•Blg Card•Office Keys•Stairwell keys•PCards•Parking Sticker•Mod Keys•T-Cards•Cell phones
•Same as IT•Same as IT
•PO # scheme•PO # scheme
NEW HIRE & TERMINATIONNEW HIRE & TERMINATION
INPUT SYSTEM/PROCESS OUTPUT
Allows you to “make sense outof non-sense!”
Allows you to “make sense outof non-sense!”
Project Charter
X_______APPROVAL
X_______APPROVAL
Product or
Service
WBS
X_______APPROVAL
Scope Change Doc
Archive
INITIATIONINITIATION PLANNINGPLANNING EXECUTINGEXECUTING CLOSINGCLOSING
CONTROL/MONITORINGCONTROL/MONITORING
1.1.
X_______APPROVAL
2.2.
3.3.
4.4.
Baseline Project Plan
6.6.
Project Plan
Risk Log
Timeline
Network Diagram
CommunicationPlan
Budget
Roles/Responsibilities
5.5.
Project Binder 7.7.
Status Reports
8.8.
9.9.
X_______APPROVAL
10.10.
Eagles View ofProject ManagementSIMULATED
Contract
11.11.
ConnectedConnected
LessonsLearned
Doc
1212`AssessmentAssessment Requirements DefinitionRequirements Definition Design & DevelopmentDesign & Development ImplementationImplementation TestingTesting Post ImplementationPost Implementation
Need identification & Conceptual Need identification & Conceptual Preliminary DesignPreliminary Design Detailed design & DevelopmentDetailed design & Development Construction or ProductionConstruction or Production Operation & supportOperation & support
GIVING YOU THE ‘BIG PICTURE’!
GIVING YOU THE ‘BIG PICTURE’!
5.95.9
Essentials ofSystems Analysis and DesignThird Edition Joseph S. ValacichJoey F. GeorgeJeffrey A. Hoffer
5.105.10
Essentials ofSystems Analysis and DesignThird Edition Joseph S. ValacichJoey F. GeorgeJeffrey A. Hoffer
Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering
• Example: IBM Credit• Credit approval process is
required six days before Business Process Reengineering (see Fig 5-12)
5.115.11
Essentials ofSystems Analysis and DesignThird Edition Joseph S. ValacichJoey F. GeorgeJeffrey A. Hoffer
Components of CBIS
• Networks: Connected computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communication
• Intranet: Internal network based on Web technologies that allows people within an organization to exchange information and work on projects
• Extranet: Network based on Web Technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers , to access authorized resources of the intranet to a company
• Procedures: Strategies, policies, methods and rules for using CBIS
e-Commerce
• Any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as:– B2B – Business to Business
– B2C – Business to Consumer
– C2C – Consumer to Consumer
• M-Commerce: Transactions conducted anywhere and anytime
Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning
• Transaction: Any business-related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers and payments to suppliers
• Transaction Process System: Organization collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System: Set of integrated programs capable of managing a company’s vital business operations for an entire multi site, global organization
Management Information System (MIS)
• Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine info to managers and decision makers
Decision Support Systems
• Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making
• Example: ADWR DSS
Systems Development
• Activity of creating or modifying existing business systems– Organizations: Collection of people and other resources established to
accomplish a set of goals
Value Chain
• Series (chain) of activities that include inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service
THINGS AN IT PM SHOULD KNOW!THINGS AN IT PM SHOULD KNOW!
Organizational Culture Change
• Culture – set of major assumptions and understanding shared by a group
• Technology Diffusion – Measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
• Technology Infusion – Extent in which technology is deeply integrated into an area or department
• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) – Model describes the factors that can lead to higher acceptance and usage of technology
Seeking Competitive Advantage
Five Forces Model:• Rivalry amongst competitors• Threat of new entrants• Threat of substitute products and services• Bargaining power of buyers• Bargaining power of suppliers
Concepts
OUTPUT10 HR
INPUT5 HR
• Productivity= (Output/Input)X100%• ROI• Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
Division X 100Division X 100
Hardware Components
ControlUnit
ControlUnit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Register Storage AreaRegister Storage Area
Processing Device
CommunicationDevices
OutputDevicesInput
Devices
SecondaryStorage
Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of:The control unit, arithmetic/logic unit, andThe register storage area.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of:The control unit, arithmetic/logic unit, andThe register storage area.
Processing Characteristics and Functions:Clock Speed: “Electronic Cycle or Pulse (Measured inMega Hertz MHZ) or millions of cycles per second
Word Length: Number of bits the CPU can process at any oneTime.
Byte: 8 bits together represents a single character
Processing Characteristics and Functions:Clock Speed: “Electronic Cycle or Pulse (Measured inMega Hertz MHZ) or millions of cycles per second
Word Length: Number of bits the CPU can process at any oneTime.
Byte: 8 bits together represents a single character
1.231.23Taken from Essentials of System Analysis, Valcich, George, Hoffer, 2006
Taken from Essentials of System Analysis, Valcich, George, Hoffer, 2006
Memory Characteristicsand Functions
Note: 8 Bits in a Byte
NAME ABBREVIATIONS EXACT # OF BYTES APPROX # OF BYTES
Byte B 1 1
Kilobyte KB 1024 Bytes 1 Thousand
Megabyte MB 1024 Kilobytes 1 Million
Gigabyte GB 1024 Megabytes 1 Billion
Terabyte TB 1024 Gigabytes 1 Trillion
Petabyte MB 1024 Terabytes 1Quardrillion
Types of Memory: RAM (Temporary)ROM (Permanent)
Types of Memory: RAM (Temporary)ROM (Permanent)
Multi-Processing: The simultaneous execution ofTwo or more instructions at the same time (involvesCo-processor)
•Parallel Processing: Links several processors together•Grid Computing: Multiple computers being coordinated to solve a common problem
Multi-Processing: The simultaneous execution ofTwo or more instructions at the same time (involvesCo-processor)
•Parallel Processing: Links several processors together•Grid Computing: Multiple computers being coordinated to solve a common problem
Operation Program Interface
OperatingSystem
ComputerSystem
Hardware
ApplicationSoftware
HardwareHardwareOperating
Operating
ApplicationSoftware
ApplicationSoftware
Palm OS
Red Hat Linux
Linux
Solaris
UNIX
MAC OS X
MAC OS
Windows XP, Windows Mobile, & Windows Embedded
Operating SystemsOperating Systems
APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS
Operating Systems
Popular Operating Systems Across All Three Spheres of Influence
PERSONAL WORKING GROUP ENTERPRISE
Windows XP, Windows Mobile, & Windows Embedded
Windows NT Server Windows NT Server
MAC OS Windows 2003 Server Windows 2003 Server
MAC OS X MAC OS ServerWindows Advanced Server,
Limited Edition
UNIX Unix Unix
Solaris Solaris Solaris
Linux Linux Linux
Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux Red Hat Linux
Palm OS Netware
IBM OS/390 IBM OS/390
IBM z/0S IBM z/0S
HP MPE/IX HP MPE/IX
Week 3 Organizing Data and Information
DatabaseDatabase
FilesFiles
RecordsRecords
FieldsFields
Characters(bytes)
Characters(bytes)
Hierarchy of dataHierarchy of data ExampleExample
Personnel FilePersonnel File
Department TitleDepartment Title
Payroll FilePayroll File
(Project Database)(Project Database)
098-40-1370 Fiske, Steven 01-05-199500510549-77-1001 Buckley, Bill 02-17-1989005-10-6321 Johns, Francine 10-07-2005
098-40-1370 Fiske, Steven 01-05-199500510549-77-1001 Buckley, Bill 02-17-1989005-10-6321 Johns, Francine 10-07-2005(Personnel File)
(Personnel File)
098-40-1370 Fiske, Steven 01-05-199500510098-40-1370 Fiske, Steven 01-05-199500510
(Records containing SSN), Last, and
First Name, and Hire Date
(Records containing SSN), Last, and
First Name, and Hire Date
FiskeFiske
Letter F in ASCIILetter F in ASCII
Last Name FieldLast Name Field
10001001000100
What is a Database…really?
File CabinetFile Cabinet
Database (symbol)Database (symbol)
Microsoft Office Access Application
Traditional Approach to Data Management
PayrollPayroll
InvoicingInvoicing
InventoryControl
InventoryControl
ManagementInquires
ManagementInquires
PayrollProgramPayroll
Program
InvoicingProgramInvoicingProgram
InventoryControlProgram
InventoryControlProgram
MgmtInquiriesProgram
MgmtInquiriesProgram
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
DataData
FilesFiles Application
Programs
ApplicationPrograms Users
UsersPeopleThingsPlacesProductsCosts…
PeopleThingsPlacesProductsCosts…
Database Approach to Data Management
PayrollPayroll
InvoicingInvoicing
InventoryControl
InventoryControl
ManagementInquires
ManagementInquires
PayrollProgramPayroll
Program
InvoicingProgramInvoicingProgram
InventoryControlProgram
InventoryControlProgram
MgmtInquiriesProgram
MgmtInquiriesProgram
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
UsersUsers
PayrollData
InventoryData
Invoicing Data
OtherData
PayrollData
InventoryData
Invoicing Data
OtherData
DatabaseManagement
System
DatabaseManagement
System
PayrollProgramPayroll
Program
InvoicingProgramInvoicingProgram
InventoryControl
Program
InventoryControl
Program
ManagementInquiries
ManagementInquiries
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
ReportsReports
DatabaseDatabase
InterfaceInterface Application
Programs
ApplicationPrograms
Logical and Physical Access Paths
Data onStorage
Data onStorage
DBMSDBMS
Physical accessPath (PAP)
Physical accessPath (PAP)
Agemenqiries
Agemenqiries
Othersoftware
Othersoftware
Applicationprograms
Applicationprograms
Logical AccessPatch (LAP)
Logical AccessPatch (LAP)
6.326.32Taken from Essentials of System Analysis, Valcich, George, Hoffer, 2006
Taken from Essentials of System Analysis, Valcich, George, Hoffer, 2006
Table 1. Project Table
Project Number Description Dept. Number
155 Payroll 257
498 Widgets 632
226 Safe Manual 598
Table 2. Department Table
Dept. Department Name Manager SSN
257 Accounting 005-10-6321
632 Manufacturing 549-77-1001
598 Marketing 098-40-1370
Table 3. Manager Table
SSN LAST NAME FIRST NAME Department Number
005-10-6321 JOHNS FRANCINE 257
549-77-1001 BUCKLEY BILL 632
098-40-1370 FISKE STEVEN 598
Relational DatabaseModel
Relational DatabaseModel
Data WarehouseData Warehouse
Data ExtractionProcess
Data ExtractionProcess
Query andAnalysis
Tools
Query andAnalysis
Tools
DataWarehouse
DataWarehouse
RelationalDatabaseRelationalDatabase
Flat FilesFlat Files
SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets
Data CleanupProcess
Data CleanupProcess
End-userAccess
End-userAccess
Computer Language
• Machine Language (fast)– Computer only understands 0’s and 1’s
– 0010 1010 0001 1101
• Assembly Language: (became easier)– Allowed you to write programs faster and easier using machine
language
– Provided easy phrases JMP, MOV, ADD as instructions as oppose to 0’s and 1’s
Computer Language
• Machine Language (fast)– Computer only understands 0’s and 1’s
– 0010 1010 0001 1101
• Assembly Language: (became easier)– Allowed you to write programs faster and easier using machine
language
– Provided easy phrases JMP, MOV, ADD as instructions as oppose to 0’s and 1’s
Challenge: with Moving from one computer to another
Solution: Portable AssemblerFORTRAN (Math), COBAL (Bus.) (Did not have HW Access)
Invented “C” which looks more like words
C Programming Language
• Equivalent to assembly language• Program that you write in C runs slower and creates larger
programs than assembly language equivalent
You must convert your C Program into machine languageUsing a special program “Compiler”
Parallel: Converting a famous French NovelTo English
Popularity of C: Very popular and some C derivativesSuch as C++. Well known programs such asWindows 95/98/Me/NT/2000, Unix and LinuxQuicken, Netscape, Microsoft Word
High-Level Programming
• Machine Language gave way to language that resembled “more human” language– FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal and Ada
Example of “BASIC” PRINT “Take a nap!”
Example of “Pascal” Program Message (Input, Output):Begin
Writeln (‘Take a nap!’) ;End
Note: The Higher the Language—the slower!
“RAD Movement”
• Fancy interfaces allowed programs to e quickly created and mocked-up. (Rapid Application Development)– Concrete view (“look and feel”)
– Popular RAD Languages:• Visual Basic (based on BASIC)• Delphi (based on Pascal)• Visual C# (based on C++)• C++ Builder (based on C++)
Database Programming Language
• Most databases include a programming language• Popular languages:
– Dbase, FileMaker, FoxPro, and Microsoft Access
– Mainframe computers typically use SQL (Structured Query Language)
Data onStorage
Data onStorage
Example of “dBase Code” Row = 15Column = 15Clear@ row, column SAY “Take a nap!” Database Programs
Often tie to a specificComputer.
Can you see a problemWith this?
Similar C-Level Languages
• C-Family– C++
– Java
– C#All three added object orientationWhich allows the reuse andModifications of small code
Scripting Language
• Rather buying an entire program from scratch (ie word processor), you can buy an existing one for your baseline and then use scripting language to do what you want to it.– Most Microsoft Programs offer this via (Visual Basic for Applications
(VBA)• Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access
– Macintosh offers this via (AppleScript)
Example: AppleScripton DisplayMessage ( )
Display dialog “Take a nap!” buttons (“OK”)end DisplayMessageDisplayMessage ( )
Web-page programming Languages
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)– Tells browser to display a page
– Browser automatically converts to HTML Code into fancy graphics
• Evolved into language that provides interactivity for end-user. (Forms, Games…etc)– Languages created: Java, Javascript, and VB Script)
• Java can create both stand-alone applications and smaller applets which run off of web page
Example of “Java” Public class DisplayMessage {Pulic static void main ( String args [ ] {System.out.println (“Take a nap!” ) ; }}
OSI AND TCP/IP
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
ApplicationApplication
Host-to-hostHost-to-host
InternetInternet
Network AccessNetwork Access
OSI ModelOSI Model TCP/IP ModelTCP/IP Model
OSI…protocol to protocol
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Logical data movement
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
OSI Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
OSI Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Each OSI Layer adds its own information to theData packet
Network Bridging (Data Link Level)
S1S1 S2S2
Sales ServerSales Server
RD1RD1 RD2RD2RD ServerRD Server
Before BridgingBefore BridgingToo Many Collisions!
SalesReportSales
Report
SalesReportSales
Report
SalesReportSales
Report
SalesReportSales
Report
Network Bridging (Layer 2)
S1S1 S2S2
Sales ServerSales Server
RD1RD1 RD2RD2RD ServerRD Server
After BridgingAfter Bridging
1.1.
4.4.
5.5.
6.6.
7.7.
8.8.
20 % TrafficCross Bridge
20 % TrafficCross Bridge
SalesReportSales
Report
RD ReportRD Report
SalesReportSales
Report
SalesReportSales
Report
Switches Layer 2
SwitchA324AAB3
A324AAB3
A32A33AA32A33A
A34A33AA34A33A
1145B2AF1145B2AF
235C65AF235C65AF
235C65AF235C65AF
1.1.
2.2.
3.3.
4.4.
5.5.
6.6.
7.7.
8.8.
PortPort Address
Address
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
A34A33AA34A33A
A32A33AA32A33A
1145B2AF1145B2AF
236A65AF236A65AF
MAC ADDRESS TABLEMAC ADDRESS TABLE
A324AAB3A324AAB3
235C65AF235C65AF
A324AAB3A324AAB3
235C65AF235C65AF
• More intelligent than standard hub• Builds a table of MAC Addresses of the receiving and forwards
to the correct port
ROUTING COMPONENTS (Layer 3)
S2S2
Routing Table for BRouting Table for B
Routing Table for ARouting Table for A
Routing Table for CRouting Table for C
S1S1
S3S3
Router ARouter A
Router CRouter C
Router BRouter B
“PORTS”“PORTS”
• Routing is the process of moving data throughout theNetwork.
• Routers get information about what paths to take fromFiles on the routers called “routing tables”
• A router will not “broadcast”—it will only route a packet toa specific destination
Two ways to route:•Static (Based on the administrator’s manual updates•Dynamic (based on route discovery protocol)
Two ways to route:•Static (Based on the administrator’s manual updates•Dynamic (based on route discovery protocol)
Token Ring
PROTOCALSPROTOCALS
MAIN MENUMAIN MENU
DATABASEBASICS
DATABASEBASICS
HOW NETWORKSWORK
HOW NETWORKSWORK
PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES
PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES
COMPUTERMEMORY
COMPUTERMEMORY
COMPUTERCOMPONENTS
COMPUTERCOMPONENTS
DATAWAREHOUSE
DATAWAREHOUSE CONNECTIVITYCONNECTIVITY CPUCPUOPERATING
SYSTEMSOPERATING
SYSTEMS