Group Members

Khushbkht Khan Sehrish Khan Huma Iqbal Maryum Batool Muryum Farooq

Biotransformation In Plant Tissue Culture and Animal Cell Culture

Biotransformation

"Biotransformation is the process whereby a substance is changed from one chemical to another (transformed) by a chemical reaction within the body”.

HOW???

Chemical reaction: Hydroxylation. Oxidation (of hydroxyl group), Reduction (of carbonyl group), Hydrogenation, Glycosyl conjugation, Hydrolysis.

Hydroxylation

By hydroxylases.

Oxidation

By oxidases

Reduction

By Reductase

Hydrogenation

Transferases Isomerases Reductases

Hydrolysis

Glycosyl conjugation

By transferases

Biotransformation in Plant tissue culture

Plants

cellulose, wood, and rubber.

terpenoids, cardenolides, coumarins,anthraquinonesflavonoids, glucosinolates, alkaloids

drugs, flavors, pigments (food ingredients), agrochemicals

Basic

materials

Secondary metabolites

PROBLEM

the formation and the accumulation of some secondary metabolites does not normally occur in the cultured cells of higher plants.

SOLUTION

The biotransformation of exogenous substrates by the plant cultured cells.

Case StudyLavandula angustifolia

Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

a shrub with a well-developed woody base,

growing to a height of about 2 ft, A native of the West Mediterranean

region

Oil Of Lavender Anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, mutagenic activities analgesic property natural repellant, pharmaceutical and industrial auxiliaries

Cell suspension culturing MS media MT media SH media

Main Growth Regulators: 2,4-D IAA Kinetin Sucrose Coconut water Vitamin complexes

Study of biotransformation Exogenous Compounds:

octanal, citronellal, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, linalool, borneol, citronellol menthol.

ester hydrolysis and oxidation were the main reactions which occurred in

biotransformation process.

The data in this work indicates that the natural metabolite

monoterpenoids such as linalool were not converted but linalool with

added functional groups (linalyl acetate) was efficiently transformed

using cells.

Biotransformation in animal cell cultures

A Case Study

2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate(HEMA)

Greatly found on unsterilized dental material.

Hazards: I. Contact dermatitis in dentists.II. Inhalation has potential effects on

lung cells.

The main CYP-metabolizing capacity of the lungs is found in the bronchiolar Clara cells and alveolar type 2 cells.

Lung diseases such as lung cancer caused by chemical pollutants are often suggested to originate from these cells.

Biotransformation

Beneficial as toxic compounds are inactivated and removed from the body.

However, biotransformation of xenobiotics sometimes results in the formation of reactive metabolites that may cause severe damage to cellular molecules.

Biotransformation enzymes which results in HEMA toxicity in lungs is

tested.

Culture and media

Alveolar type 2 cells are cultured on Williams E medium epidermal growth factor Insulin Hydrocortisone

Analysis through

Immunofluorescence RT-PCR microscopy

HEMA induces apoptotic like morphology in primary cultures of rat alveolar type 2 cells by a different mechanism.

the increased toxicity could be expressed via metabolic activation by the CYP2E1 enzyme.

Conclusion