Post on 31-Dec-2015
description
Biotechnology and Crop Engineering
GROUP MEMBERS :
Cristina Maria LucaIoana Florea
TECHNICAL ADVISER :
lecturer Ph.D. Cristina Felea
BABES-BOLYAI UNIVERSITYFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
BIOTECHNOLOGYapplied biology that involves the use of living organisms and
bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts.[ 15 ]
GENETIC CROP ENGINEERING
it represents the manipulation of a plants genetic material by :
introducing, enhancing, eliminating
specific genes
bacterium mixed withplant cells
heavy metal coatedwith plasmid DNA
cell shot with
gene gun
gene
replication
PLANT CELLwith DNA insert into chromosome
plasmid inserted
in cell
gene inserted
into plasmid
GENEidentified & isolated
TRANSFORMED CELLidentified with selectable marker
gene screened
for transgene
TRANSGENIC PLANT
ADVANTAGES
the conventional seeds are usually treated with fungicides and insecticides
are used synthetic fertilisers
toxic pesticides to control "pests" & weed
In conventional farming
Enhanced taste and quality
Reduced maturation time
Increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance
Improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides
New products and growing techniques[11]
DISADVANTAGES
human health impacts
allergens,
transfer of antibiotic resistance markers,
unintended transfer of transgenes through cross-pollination,
unknown effects on other organisms
loss of biodiversity
Violation of natural organisms
Tampering with nature by mixinggenes among species
Objections to consuming animal genes in plants and vice versa
Stress for animal[1]
ETHICS
SAFETY FOODS AROUND THE WOLRD
maize cultivation MON810 banned in :
Germany - april 2009
France
Austria
Greece
Hungary
Luxembourg
no objections...for now, in :
USA Canada - from Health Canada 'MON810 offers the Canadian grower protection against the loss of yield due to infestation with the European Corn Borer (ECB),...'[ 5 ]
UE - Directive 90/220/EEC [ 4 ]
Ordinul MAPDR nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 337 din14.04.2006;(pdf, 94 KB)
Ordinul MAPDR nr.471/2006 pentru completarea şi modificarea Ordinul MAPDR nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 663 din 2.08.2006; (pdf, 71 KB) OUG nr.43/2007 privind introducerea deliberata în mediu şi introducerea pe piaţă a organismelor modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.435 din 28.06.2007; (pdf, 340 KB) OUG nr.195/2005 privind protecţia mediului, publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.1196 din 30.12.2005; (pdf, 275 KB)
Legea 265/2006 pentru aprobarea Ordonantei de urgenţă a guvernului nr.195/2005 privind protecţia mediului, publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.586 din 6.07.2006; (pdf, 68 KB)
HG nr. 173/2006 privind trasabilitatea si etichetarea organismelor modificate genetic si trasabilitatea alimentelor si hranei pentru animale, obtinute din organisme modificate genetic, publicat in Monitorul Oficial nr. 206/6.03.2006.
SAFETY FOODS IN ROMANIA
RESPONSE :
country
papers
analytical methods for
GM's
concerning GM's food
influences on mouse (Italy)
concerning heat
influences on GM's
(Gemany)
EU 46 1 1
Japan 13
2002 2010China 18
USA 3
'The vast majority of the 41 articles published in 2008 and 2009 indicate no impact on these organisms and only two articles indicate a minor effect, which is either inconsistent during the planting season or represents an indirect effect. Publications from 1996 to 2008 (376 publications) and recent meta-analyses do not allow to conclude on consistent effects either.'
replied Monsanto to german goverment after they decided to ban MON180
WHAT THE SCIENTISTS THINK ABOUT IT :
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
UEJCHUSA0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
nu
mbe
r
year
articles
UE J CH USA
98% detection of GMO's 1% heat degradation of DNA 1% immune response of a mouse to GMO's food
In fact looking into a prestigious magazine like Journal of Agriculture, Food & Chemystry, from 2002 to 2010, we find 80 articles about GMO
alfalfa
[ 11 ]
Tomato
[ 14 ]
alfalfa
[ 12 ]
cotton
[ 10 ]
[8]
Squash
Rapeseed
[ 6 ]
Hawaiian papaya
[ 7 ]
rice[ 13 ]
Sweet Peppers
1. D.S.T. Nichols, Genetical Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 2008 2. A. Ricroch, & all, 'Is the German suspension of MON810 maize cultivation
scientifically justified ?', Springer Science & Business Media B.V.2009 3. * * * Detection and Quantification of Genetically Modified Organisms, UE 4. * * * Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2 5. * * * www.all-creatures.org 6. * * * www.gazeley.com 7. * * * www.growhawaii.com 8. * * * www.meristem.com 9. * * * www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Humangenome10. * * * www.oklahoma4h.okstate.edu 11. * * * www.seedland.com12. * * * www.soils.wisc.edu 13. * * * www.treehugger.com 14. * * * www.tumbledownfarm.com 15. * * * www.wikipeidia.org
Liste of references