Post on 26-Dec-2015
5’ Soil Backfill
Trench bottom 1’ Below tile invert
20’ section of tile
Length dependent on treatment area
DiversionStructure
CapacityControlStructure
Woodchips
Bioreactors for the Bioreactors for the Reduction of Nutrient Reduction of Nutrient
TransportTransport
Why Bioreactors ? Proven technology
Requires no modification of current practices
No land taken out of production
No decrease in drainage effectiveness
Very low maintenance
Estimated life - 15 to 20 years
Cost effective
CapacityControlStructure
5’ Soil Backfill
Woodchips
Trench bottom 1’ Below tile invert
20’ section of tile
Length dependent on treatment area
DiversionStructure
Second Generation Bioreactors
Capacity controlstructure
Up
to
so
ilsu
rfac
e
Side View
Trench bottom 1’ below tile invert
5’ section of non-perforated tile
Length dependent on treatment area
Diversionstructure
Top View
5’ Soil backfill
10’ W
ide
Third Generation BioreactorsThird Generation Bioreactors
Solid pipe
Solid pipe
Perforated pipePerforated pipe
Plastic Liner
Managed Drainage28 acres
100 ft Spacing
Free Drainage31 acres
100 ft Spacing
W
Managed DrainageWith Bioreactor
34 acres100 ft Spacing
Managed DrainageWith Bioreactor
28 acres100 ft Spacing
Free Drainage31 acres
100 ft Spacing
W
Managed DrainageWith Bioreactor
34 acres100 ft Spacing
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1/3 2/2 3/3 4/2 5/2 6/1 7/1 7/31 8/30 9/29 10/29 11/28
Nit
rate
-N (m
g/L)
Flow
Rat
e (c
m/d
ay)
Deland East 2008
Flow Rate Inlet Nitrate-N Outlet Nitrate-N
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1/3/08 2/22/08 4/12/08 6/1/08 7/21/08 9/9/08 10/29/08 12/18/08
Nitr
ate-
N (m
g/L)
Monticello 2008
Inlet Nitrate-N Outlet nitrate-N
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11/08/08 11/28/08 12/18/08 01/07/09 01/27/09 02/16/09 03/08/09 03/28/09
Nit
rate
-N (
mg
/L)
Nitrate Concentrations at Monticello Site 2009
Inlet Outlet Free
ProgressCity
FP3/4FP5/6FP7/8
FP1/2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
1/3 2/2 3/3 4/2 5/2 6/1 7/1 7/31 8/30 9/29 10/29 11/28
Nit
rate
-N (m
g/L)
Flow
Rat
e (L
/s)
FP07/08 2008
Flow Rate Inlet Nitrate-N Outlet Nitrate-N
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
10
2/2 3/3 4/2 5/2 6/1 7/1 7/31 8/30 9/29 10/29 11/28
Nit
rate
-N (m
g/L)
Flow
Rat
e (L
/s)
FP03/04 2008
Flow Rate Inlet Nitrate-N Outlet Nitrate-N
SiteContributing area
(acres)Loading Density (acre/ 100sq. ft.)
Load Reduction(%)
Decatur West 5 1.25 81
Decatur East 16 4 54
DeLand East 34 8.5 42
Bioreactor EfficacyBioreactor Efficacy
LR = 87.3LD-0.343
R² = 0.99
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Lo
ad
Re
du
cti
on
, L
R(%
)
Loading Density LD (acres/100 square ft of bioreactor)
Bioreactor Efficacy
Sizing a system for a 60% removal from
40 acres ?
LR = 87.3LD-0.343
R² = 0.99
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Lo
ad
Re
du
cti
on
, L
R(%
)
Loading Density LD (acres/100 square ft of bioreactor)
Bioreactor Efficacy
100*40/3 = 1333 sq. ft.
LR = 87.3LD-0.343
R² = 0.99
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Lo
ad
Re
du
cti
on
, L
R(%
)
Loading Density LD (acres/100 square ft of bioreactor)
Bioreactor EfficacyCurrent Work
Unintended Consequences?Unintended Consequences?
Sampling Bioreactors
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a sub-surface bioreactor (R. Cooke).
Inlet Samples
Outlet Samples
Dissolved MeHg in Bioreactor Inlets
-Eight non-detects-Eight non-detects
-Six samples contained detectable MeHg-Six samples contained detectable MeHg
- Maximum: - Maximum: 0.16 ng/L0.16 ng/L
- Average:- Average: 0.09 ng/L0.09 ng/L
Dissolved MeHg in Bioreactor Outlets
Dissolved MeHg in Bioreactor Outlets
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
6/1 6/16 7/1 7/16 7/31 8/15 8/30 9/14 9/29 10/14 10/29 11/13
Dis
solv
ed M
ethy
lmer
cury
(ng
/L)
Inlet
Outlet
Outflow
2/10/09
No Outflow
Capacity controlstructure
Up
to
so
ilsu
rfac
e
Side View
Trench bottom 1’ below tile invert
5’ section of non-perforated tile
Length dependent on treatment area
Diversionstructure
Top View
5’ Soil backfill
10’ W
ide
Trench bottom at tile invert
What about Phosphorus?
P R
em
oval?
Four 6” PVC Bioreactor Cells
20 ft Woodchips5 ft Iron Filings
Two Cells with Filings Upstream
Two Cells with Woodchips Upstream
Temperature Sensors
Gas Extraction Ports
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
48
1216
2024
28
NO
3+N
O2
as N
(mg/
L)
Time from start (hrs)
Column A
ABCD.0 A.1 A.2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
48
1216
2024
28
NO
3+N
O2
as N
(mg/
L)
Time from start (hrs)
Column B
ABCD.0 B.1 B.2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
48
1216
2024
28
NO
3+N
O2
as N
(mg/
L)
Time from start (hrs)
Column C
ABCD.0 C.1 C.2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
48
1216
2024
28
NO
3+N
O2
as N
(mg/
L)
Time from start (hrs)
Column D
ABCD.0 D.1 D.2
Phosphorus Removal Chamber
Solid pipe
Solid 6” pipe
Perforated pipePerforated pipe
Plastic Liner
87.576.565.554.543.532.521.510.50
150,000
140,000
130,000
120,000
110,000
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
14131211109876543210
1,000
950
900
850
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650
600
550
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450
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50
0