Biology 107Biology 107General BiologyGeneral Biology

Pat AkrabawiPat Akrabawi

Michael CullenMichael Cullen

Brian ErnstingBrian Ernsting

Introduction to General BiologyIntroduction to General Biology

Themes in the Study of Life:Themes in the Study of Life: As a result of this lecture and the As a result of this lecture and the assigned reading, you should understand the following:assigned reading, you should understand the following:

1. Life is associated with 1. Life is associated with emergent propertiesemergent properties. . These properties are These properties are the consequence of the hierarchies of structure.the consequence of the hierarchies of structure.

2. Cells form the simplest, independent units of organization of living 2. Cells form the simplest, independent units of organization of living organisms. Cells arise from other cells. organisms. Cells arise from other cells.

3. Biological information is carried in DNA.3. Biological information is carried in DNA.

4. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological 4. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.organization.

Hierarchy of Biological Hierarchy of Biological OrganizationOrganization

Atoms Molecules (organelles) Atoms Molecules (organelles) CELLS CELLS

Organisms Organ Systems Organs TissuesOrganisms Organ Systems Organs Tissues

Population Community Ecosystem BiospherePopulation Community Ecosystem Biosphere

Figure 1.2 The hierarchy of biological organization

Figure 1.1 Biologists study life on many different scales of size and time

Introduction to General BiologyIntroduction to General Biology

5., and 6. Living organisms interact with the environment: 5., and 6. Living organisms interact with the environment:

orderorder

energy utilizationenergy utilization

response to the environmentresponse to the environment

reproductionreproduction

growth and developmentgrowth and development

homeostasishomeostasis

evolutionary adaptationevolutionary adaptation

7. Living things are unified and diverse.

Figure 1.3 Some properties of life

Figure 1.3ax Order

Figure 1.3bx Reproduction

Introduction to General BiologyIntroduction to General Biology

8.8. Evolution is the central theme of biologyEvolution is the central theme of biology

9.9. Science involves repeated observations and testable Science involves repeated observations and testable hypotheses.hypotheses.

10.10. Science and technology are human endeavors.Science and technology are human endeavors.

Table 1.1 Review of Ten Unifying Themes in Biology

Table 1.1 Review of Ten Unifying Themes in Biology (continued)

Figure 1.19 Idealized version of the scientific method

Figure 1.20 Applying hypothetico-deductive reasoning to a campground problem

Figure 1.21 Controlled experiments to test the hypothesis that selective predation affects the evolution of guppy populations