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Dust-Om-[o`c Fg`pohcr Hoerary
VNAOJ EOHAH AN@CK
>1;69>2?32
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Fgmtcmts
1- Omtrgkuftogm amk ratogmahc bgr hoedot
5- Bcaturcs gb hoedot
6- [utgroahs om usomi hoedot
;- Omotoahozomi tnc DO[
3- Euohkomi amk fg`pohomi bumftogms wotn tnc DO[
2- @amopuhatomi systc` typcs
9- Ygrjomi wotn tc`pgrary vahucs om tnc DO[
>- Ygrjomi wotn omstruftogms om tnc DO[
?- Ygrjomi wotn easof ehgfjs om tnc DO[
1
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1 Omtrgkuftogm amk ratogmahc bgr hoedot
Dust-Om-[o`c fg`pohcrs arc ecfg`omi omfrcasomihy pgpuhar bgr cxcfutomi kyma`of hamiuaics hojc \crh amk\ytngm amk bgr sc`o-kyma`of hamiuaics hojc Dava amk F& Vtukocs navc sngwm tnat DO[ tcfnmoqucs famict fhgsc tg( amk sg`cto`cs cxfcck( tnc pcrbgr`amfc gb statofahhy-fg`pohck matovc fgkc
Ngwcvcr( tncrc os a prgehc` wotn furrcmt DO[ apprgafncs Om ah`gst cvcry fasc( tnc DO[ os spcfobof tg tnc
gedcft `gkch( rumto`c suppgrt hoerary( iareaic fghhcftgr( gr eytcfgkc pcfuhoarotocs gb a partofuhar systc`[nos omcvotaehy hcaks tg kuphofatogm gb cbbgrt( wncrc ahh gb tnc iggk DO[ wgrj tnat nas igmc omtg gmc vortuah`afnomc fammgt ec rcusck om amgtncr
DO[)s arc mgt gmhy uscbuh bgr o`phc`cmtomi hamiuaics [ncy fam ahsg ec usck om gtncr prgira``omi bochks
Irapnofah apphofatogms fam afnocvc ircatcr pcrbgr`amfc ob tncy fam fg`pohc a spcfoah-purpgsc rcmkcromirgutomc gm tnc bhy( fustg`ozck tg tnc rcmkcromi tasj at namk( ratncr tnam usomi statof rgutomcs Mcckhcss tgsay( sufn apphofatogms navc mg mcck bgr gedcft `gkchs( iareaic fghhcftgrs( gr nuic rumto`c fhasshoerarocs
@gst gb tnc wgrj gm a DO[ os fgmfcrmck wotn arotn`ctof( mu`crof typc fgmvcrsogm( `c`gry hgaks'stgrcs(
hggpomi( pcrbgr`omi kata bhgw amahysos( assoimomi rciostcrs( amk icmcratomi tnc cxcfutaehc `afnomc fgkcGmhy a vcry s`ahh prgpgrtogm gb tnc wgrj os fgmfcrmck wotn hamiuaic spcfobofs
[nc igah gb tnc hoedot prgdcft os tg prgvokc am cxtcmsovc sct gb rgutomcs tnat tajcs farc gb tnc euhj gb tnc
DO[ prgfcss( wotngut tyomi tnc prgira``cr kgwm wotn hamiuaic spcfobofs Yncrc wc prgvokc suppgrt bgrfg``gm gedcft `gkchs( wc kg sg strofthy om akk-gm hoerarocs( mgt as part gb tnc fgrc fgkc
Smhojc gtncr systc`s sufn as tnc DR@( MC[( amk \arrgt( hoedot os mgt a vortuah `afnomc om ots gwm roint
Ot os tnc bgumkatogm upgm wnofn a mu`ecr gb kobbcrcmt vortuah `afnomcs( kyma`of sfroptomi hamiuaics( grfustg`ozck rcmkcromi rgutomcs fam ec euoht
[nc HHR@ prgdcft .nttp4''wwwhhv`gri'/ nas sg`c so`ohar fnaraftcrostofs tg hoedot om tnat ots
omtcr ckoatc bgr`at os icmcrof afrgss brgmt-cmk hamiuaics Ot os wrottcm om F** amk prgvokcs a haric sct gb
fg`pohcr kcvchgp`cmt amk gpto`ozatogm fg`pgmcmts: `ufn haricr tnam hoedot otschb prgvokcs Affgrkomitg ots autngr( Fnros Hattmcr( a suesct gb ots fapaeohotocs fam ec usck tg euohk DO[)s
Hoedot snguhk brcc kcvchgpcrs tg tnomj aegut tnc kcsoim gb tncor brgmt cmks( amk mgt ict egiick kgwm om tnc
kctaohs gb fgkc cxcfutogm @camwnohc( cxpcrts om tnc kcsoim amk o`phc`cmtatogm gb DO[)s fam fgmfcmtratcgm sghvomi fgkc cxcfutogm prgehc`s( omstcak gb brgmt cmk suppgrt ossucs
[nos kgfu`cmt kcsfroecs ngw tg usc tnc hoerary om apphofatogm prgira`s Yc start wotn a host gb bcaturcsamk sg`c so`phc tutgroahs Bomahhy( wc prgvokc a fg`phctc rcbcrcmfc iuokc bgr ahh gb tnc A\O bumftogms
om hoedot( ergjcm kgwm ey bumftogm fatcigry
11 Getaomomi hoedot
[nc hatcst vcrsogm gbhoedot fam ec getaomck brg` Vgutncrm Vtgr` Vgbtwarc( \ty Htk)s Yce sotc4
nttp4''wwwsgutncrm-stgr`fg`au'hoedotnt`h
http://www.llvm.org/http://www.llvm.org/http://www.llvm.org/http://www.southern-storm.com.au/libjit.htmlhttp://www.southern-storm.com.au/libjit.htmlhttp://www.southern-storm.com.au/libjit.htmlhttp://www.llvm.org/7/28/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Jit
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15 Burtncr rcakomi
Ynohc ot osm)t strofthy mcfcssary tg jmgw aegut fg`pohcr omtcrmahs tg usc hoedot( ygu fam `ajc `grc
cbbcftovc usc gb tnc hoerary ob ygu kg Yc rcfg``cmk tnc %Kraigm Eggj% as am cxfchhcmt rcsgurfc gmfg`pohcr omtcrmahs( partofuharhy tnc scftogms gm fgkc icmcratogm amk gpto`ozatogm4
Ahbrck R Ang( Uavo Vctno( amk Dcbbrcy K Shh`am( %Fg`pohcrs4 \romfophcs( [cfnmoqucs( amk [gghs%(Akkosgm-Ycshcy( 1?>2
OE@( Omtch( amk gtncrs navc kgmc a hgt gb rcscarfn omtg DO[ o`phc`cmtatogm tcfnmoqucs gvcr tnc ycars Ob
ygu arc omtcrcstck om wgrjomi gm tnc omtcrmahs gbhoedot( tncm ygu `ay wamt tg `ajc ygurschb ba`ohoarwotn tnc rchcvamt hotcraturc .tnos os ey mg `cams a fg`phctc host/4
OE@)s Dojcs UR@ .Ucscarfn Rortuah @afnomc/(nttp4''www-15;oe`fg`'kcvchgpcrwgrjs'gss'dojcsrv '
Omtch)s GU\ .Gpcm Uumto`c \hatbgr`/(nttp4''grpsgurfcbgricmct'
http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/jikesrvm/http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/jikesrvm/http://orp.sourceforge.net/http://orp.sourceforge.net/http://orp.sourceforge.net/http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/jikesrvm/7/28/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Jit
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5 Bcaturcs gb hoedot
[nc pro`ary omtcrbafc os om F( bgr `axo`ah rcusaeohoty Fhass omtcrbafcs arc avaohaehc bgrprgira``crs wng prcbcr F**
Kcsoimck bgr pgrtaeohoty tg ahh `adgr 65-eot amk 2;-eot phatbgr`s
Vo`phc tnrcc-akkrcss A\O bgr hoerary uscrs( eut gpaquc cmguin tnat gtncr rcprcscmtatogms fam ecusck omsokc tnc hoerary om buturc wotngut abbcftomi cxostomi uscrs
Sp-brgmt gr gm-kc`amk fg`pohatogm gb amy bumftogm
Om-euoht suppgrt tg rc-fg`pohc bumftogms wotn ircatcr gpto`ozatogm( autg`atofahhy rckorcftomi
prcvogus fahhcrs tg tnc mcw vcrsogm
Bahheafj omtcrprctcr bgr rummomi fgkc gm phatbgr`s tnat kgm)t navc a matovc fgkc icmcratgr yct[nos rckufcs tnc mcck bgr prgira``crs tg wrotc tncor gwm omtcrprctcrs bgr sufn phatbgr`s
Arotn`ctof( eotwosc( fgmvcrsogm( amk fg`parosgm gpcratgrs bgr >-eot( 12-eot( 65-eot( gr 2;-eot omtcicrtypcs: amk 65-eot( 2;-eot( gr hgmicr bhgatomi pgomt typcs Omfhukcs gvcrbhgw kctcftomi arotn`ctof bgromtcicr typcs
Haric sct gb `atnc`atofah amk troigmg`ctrof gpcratogms .sqrt( som( fgs( `om( aes( ctf/ bgr omhomomi
bhgatomi-pgomt hoerary bumftogms
Vo`phobock typc haygut amk cxfcptogm namkhomi `cfnamos`s( upgm wnofn a varocty gb kobbcrcmtgedcft `gkchs fam ec euoht
Vuppgrt bgr mcstck bumftogms( aehc tg affcss tncor parcmt)s hgfah varoaehcs .bgr o`phc`cmtomi\asfah-styhc hamiuaics/
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6 [utgroahs om usomi hoedot
Om tnos fnaptcr( wc kcsfroec ngw tg usc hoedot wotn a mu`ecr gb sngrt tutgroah cxcrfoscs Buhh sgurfc bgr
tncsc tutgroahs fam ec bgumk om tnc tutgroah korcftgry gb tnc hoedot sgurfc trcc
Bgr so`phofoty( wc wohh oimgrc crrgrs sufn as gut gb `c`gry fgmkotogms( eut a rcah prgira` wguhk eccxpcftck tg namkhc sufn crrgrs
61 [utgroah 1 - `uhWakk
Om tnc borst tutgroah( wc wohh euohk amk fg`pohc tnc bghhgwomi bumftogm .tnc sgurfc fgkc fam ec bgumkom tutgroah't1f/4
omt `uhWakk.omt x( omt y( omt z/{
rcturm x $ y * z:}
[g usc tnc DO[( wc borst omfhukc tnc 8dot'dotn= bohc4
&omfhukc 8dot'dotn=
Ahh gb tnc ncakcr bohcs arc phafck omtg tnc dot sue-korcftgry( tg scparatc tnc` gut brg` rciuhar systc`
ncakcrs Yncm hoedot os omstahhck( ygu wohh typofahhy bomk tncsc ncakcrs
om 'usr'hgfah'omfhukc'dot gr'usr'omfhukc'dot( kcpcmkomi upgm ngw ygur systc` os
fgmboiurck _gu snguhk ahsg homj wotn tnc -hdot gptogm
Cvcry prgira` tnat uscs hoedot mccks tg fahh dotWfgmtcxtWfrcatc4
dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt:fgmtcxt 0 dotWfgmtcxtWfrcatc./:
Ah`gst cvcrytnomi tnat os kgmc wotn hoedot os kgmc rchatovc tg a fgmtcxt Om partofuhar( a fgmtcxt nghks ahh
gb tnc bumftogms tnat ygu navc euoht amk fg`pohck
_gu fam navc `uhtophc fgmtcxts at amy gmc to`c( eut mgr`ahhy ygu wohh gmhy mcck gmc @uhtophc fgmtcxts`ay ec uscbuh ob ygu wosn tg rum `uhtophc vortuah `afnomcs sokc ey sokc om tnc sa`c prgfcss( wotngut tnc`omtcrbcromi wotn cafn gtncr
Yncmcvcr wc arc fgmstruftomi a bumftogm( wc mcck tg hgfj kgwm tnc fgmtcxt tg prcvcmt `uhtophc tnrcaksbrg` usomi tnc euohkcr at a to`c4
dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart.fgmtcxt/:
[nc mcxt stcp os tg fgmstruft tnc bumftogm gedcft tnat wohh rcprcscmt gur `uhWakk bumftogm4
dotWbumftogmWt bumftogm:
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bumftogm 0 dotWbumftogmWfrcatc.fgmtcxt( soimaturc/:
[nc soimaturc os a dotWtypcWt gedcft tnat kcsfroecs tnc bumftogm)s para`ctcrs amk rcturm vahuc [nos
tchhs hoedot ngw tg icmcratc tnc prgpcr fahhomi fgmvcmtogms bgr tnc bumftogm4
dotWtypcWt para`sZ6P:dotWtypcWt soimaturc:para`sZ
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dotWomsmWrcturm.bumftogm( tc`p5/:Yc navc fg`phctck tnc prgfcss gb euohkomi tnc bumftogm egky Mgw wc fg`pohc ot omtg ots cxcfutaehc bgr`4
dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc.bumftogm/:
dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk.fgmtcxt/:
As a sokc-cbbcft( tnos wohh kosfark ahh gb tnc `c`gry assgfoatck wotn tnc vahucs amk omstruftogms tnat wc
fgmstruftck wnohc euohkomi tnc bumftogm [ncy arc mg hgmicr rcquorck( ecfausc wc mgw navc tnccxcfutaehc bgr` tnat wc rcquorc
Yc ahsg umhgfj tnc fgmtcxt( ecfausc ot os mgw sabc bgr gtncr tnrcaks tg affcss tnc bumftogm euohkomiprgfcss
Sp umtoh tnos pgomt( wc navcm)t cxcfutck tnc `uhWakk bumftogm Ahh wc navc kgmc os euohk amk fg`pohc ot(
rcaky bgr cxcfutogm [g cxcfutc ot( wc fahh dotWbumftogmWapphy4
dotWomt ari1( ari5( ari6:vgok $arisZ6P:dotWomt rcsuht:ari1 0 6:ari5 0 3:
ari6 0 5:arisZ
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Om tnos scfgmk tutgroah( wc o`phc`cmt tnc suetraftomi Cufhokcam Ircatcst Fg``gm Kovosgr .IFK/ahigrotn` gvcr pgsotovc omtcicrs [nos tutgroah kc`gmstratcs ngw tg namkhc fgmkotogmah eramfnomi amk
bumftogm fahhs Om F( tnc fgkc bgr tnc ifk bumftogm os as bghhgws4
umsoimck omt ifk.umsoimck omt x( umsoimck omt y/{
ob.x 00 y/{
rcturm x:}chsc ob.x 8 y/
{rcturm ifk.x( y - x/:
}chsc{
rcturm ifk.x - y( y/:}
}
[nc sgurfc fgkc bgr tnos tutgroah fam ec bgumk om tutgroah't5f @amy gb tnc kctaohs arc so`ohar tg tnc
prcvogus tutgroah Yc g`ot tngsc kctaohs ncrc amk fgmfcmtratc gm ngw tg euohk tnc bumftogm egky Vccscftogm[utgroah 1 - `uhWakk( bgr `grc ombgr`atogm
Yc start ey fncfjomi tnc fgmkotogm x 00 y4
dotWvahucWt x( y( tc`p1:x 0 dotWvahucWictWpara`.bumftogm(
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dotWomsmWhaech.bumftogm( "haech1/:Yc usc so`ohar fgkc tg fncfj tnc fgmkotogm x 8 y ( amk eramfn tg haech5 ob ot os mgt truc4
dotWvahucWt tc`p5:
dotWhaechWt haech5 0 dotWhaechWumkcbomck:tc`p5 0 dotWomsmWht.bumftogm( x( y/:dotWomsmWeramfnWobWmgt.bumftogm( tc`p5( "haech5/:
At tnos pgomt( wc mcck tg fahh tnc ifk bumftogm wotn tnc ariu`cmts x amk y - x [nc fgkc bgr tnos os baorhy
straoint-bgrwark [nc dotWomsmWfahh omstruftogm fahhs tnc bumftogm hostck om ots tnork ariu`cmt Om tnos
fasc( wc arc fahhomi gurschvcs rcfursovchy4
dotWvahucWt tc`pWarisZ5P:dotWvahucWt tc`p6:tc`pWarisZ
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Yncm tnc `uhWakk bumftogm os frcatck( wc kgm)t frcatc ots bumftogm egky gr
fahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc Yc omstcak prgvokc a F bumftogm fahhck fg`pohcW`uhWakk tnatpcrbgr`s gm-kc`amk fg`pohatogm4
dotWbumftogmWt bumftogm:
bumftogm 0 dotWbumftogmWfrcatc.fgmtcxt( soimaturc/:dotWbumftogmWsctWgmWkc`amkWfg`pohcr.bumftogm( fg`pohcW`uhWakk/:
Yc fam mgw fahh tnos bumftogm wotn dotWbumftogmWapphy( amk tnc systc` wohh autg`atofahhy
fahh fg`pohcW`uhWakk bgr us ob tnc bumftogm nasm)t eccm euoht yct [nc fgmtcmts
gbfg`pohcW`uhWakk arc baorhy gevogus4
omt fg`pohcW`uhWakk.dotWbumftogmWt bumftogm/{
dotWvahucWt x( y( z:dotWvahucWt tc`p1( tc`p5:
x 0 dotWvahucWictWpara`.bumftogm(
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dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc.bumftogm/:dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk.fgmtcxt/:
Abtcr tnos( amy cxostomi rcbcrcmfcs tg tnc bumftogm wohh ec rckorcftck tg t nc mcw vcrsogm Ngwcvcr( ob sg`c
tnrcak os furrcmthy cxcfutomi tnc prcvogus vcrsogm( tncm ot wohh jccp kgomi sg umtoh tnc prcvogus vcrsogmcxots Gmhy abtcr tnat wohh suescqucmt fahhs ig tg tnc mcw vcrsogm
Om tnos tutgroah( wc usc tnc sa`c gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr wncm wc rcfg`pohc `uhWakk Om a rcah prgira`(
ygu wguhk prgeaehy fahh dotWbumftogmWsctWgmWkc`amkWfg`pohcr tg sct a mcw gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr
tnat pcrbgr`s ircatcr hcvchs gb gpto`ozatogm
Ob ygu mg hgmicr omtcmk tg rcfg`pohc tnc bumftogm( ygu snguhkfahh dotWbumftogmWfhcarWrcfg`pohaehc sg tnat hoedot fam `amaic tnc bumftogm `grc cbbofocmthybrg` tncm gm
[nc cxaft fgmkotogms umkcr wnofn a bumftogm snguhk ec rcfg`pohck arc mgt spcfobock ey hoedot Ot `ay ec
ecfausc tnc bumftogm nas eccm fahhck scvcrah to`cs amk nas rcafnck sg`c tnrcsnghk Gr ot `ay ececfausc sg`c gtncr bumftogm tnat ot fahhs nas ecfg`c a famkokatc bgr omhomomi Ot os up tg tnc brgmt cmk tg
kcfokc wncm rcfg`pohatogm os warramtck( usuahhy easck gm hamiuaic -spcfo bof ncurostofs
6; [utgroah ; - `uhWakk( F** vcrsogm
Ynohc hoedot fam ec casohy affcssck brg` F** prgira`s usomi tnc F A\O)s( ygu `ay omstcak wosn tg
usc am A\O tnat ecttcr rcbhcfts tnc F** prgira``omi parakoi` Yc kc`gmstratc ngw tg kg tnos ey
rcwrotomi [utgroah 6 usomi tnc hoedotphus hoerary
[g usc tnc hoedotphus hoerary( wc borst omfhukc tnc 8dot'dot-phusn= bohc4
&omfhukc 8dot'dot-phusn=
[nos bohc omfgrpgratcs ahh gb tnc kcbomotogms brg` 8dot'dotn=( sg ygu navc buhh affcss tg tnc umkcrhyomi FA\O ob ygu mcck ot
[nos to`c( omstcak gb euohkomi tnc `uhWakk bumftogm wotn dotWbumftogmWfrcatc amk brocmks( wc kcbomca fhass tg rcprcscmt ot4
fhass `uhWakkWbumftogm 4 puehof dotWbumftogm{
puehof4`uhWakkWbumftogm.dotWfgmtcxt" fgmtcxt/ 4 dotWbumftogm.fgmtcxt/{
frcatc./:
sctWrcfg`pohaehc./:}
vortuah vgok euohk./:
prgtcftck4
vortuah dotWtypcWt frcatcWsoimaturc./:}:
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Yncrc wc usck dotWbumftogmWt amk dotWfgmtcxtWt ecbgrc( wc mgw usc tnc
F** dotWbumftogm amk dotWfgmtcxt fhasscs
Om gur fgmstruftgr( wc attafn gurschvcs tg tnc fgmtcxt amk tncm fahh tnc frcatc./ `ctngk [nos os om turm
wohh fahh gur gvcrrokkcm vortuah `ctngk frcatcWsoimaturc./ tg getaom tnc soimaturc4
dotWtypcWt `uhWakkWbumftogm44frcatcWsoimaturc./{
'' Ucturm typc( bghhgwck ey tnrcc para`ctcrs('' tcr`omatck wotn %cmkWpara`s%rcturm soimaturcWnchpcr
.dotWtypcWomt( dotWtypcWomt( dotWtypcWomt(dotWtypcWomt( cmkWpara`s/:
}
[nc soimaturcWnchpcr./ `ctngk os prgvokck bgr ygur fgmvcmocmfc( tg nchp wotn euohkomi bumftogm
soimaturcs _gu fam frcatc ygur gwm soimaturc `amuahhy usomi dotWtypcWfrcatcWsoimaturc ob ygu
wosn
[nc bomah tnomi wc kg om tnc fgmstruftgr os fahh sctWrcfg`pohaehc./ tg `arj tnc `uhWakk bumftogm asrcfg`pohaehc( dust as wc kok om [utgroah 6
[nc F** hoerary wohh frcatc tnc bumftogm as fg`pohaehc gm-kc`amk bgr us( sg wc kgm)t navc tg kg tnat
cxphofothy Eut wc kg navc tg gvcrrokc tnc vortuah euohk./ `ctngk tg euohk tnc bumftogm)s egky gm-kc`amk4
vgok `uhWakkWbumftogm44euohk./{
dotWvahuc x 0 ictWpara`.
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arisZ
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[g rum a Kyma`of \asfah prgira`( usc kpas ma`cpas _gu `ay ahsg mcck tg pass tnc -O gptogm tg
spcfoby tnc hgfatogm gb tnc systc` hoerary ob ygu navc usck am o`pgrt fhausc om ygur prgira` ci kpas
-O+NG@C'hoedot'kpas'hoerary ma`cpas
[nos \asfah ira``ar os easck gm tnc CEMB kcsfroptogm at tnc bghhgwomi SUH4
nttp4''wwwfsqueafuj'~VBotzpatrofj'[cafnomi'\asfah'CEMBnt`h
[ncrc arc a bcw kobbcrcmfcs tg %Vtamkark \asfah%4
1 Okcmtobocrs arc fasc-omscmsotovc( eut fasc-prcscrvomi
5 \rgira` ncakomis arc mgr`ahhy prgira` Ma`c .Omput( Gutput/: [nos fam ec aeercvoatck
tg prgira` Ma`c: as tnc prgira` `gkobocrs arc oimgrck
6 Vg`c IMS \asfah gpcratgrs hojc xgr( snh( L( ctf navc eccm akkck
; [nc omtcicr typc ma`cs .Omtcicr( Farkomah( HgmiOmt( ctf/ bghhgw tngsc usck om IMS \asfah
ahsg [nc Omtcicr typc os ahways 65-eots om sozc( wnohc HgmiOmt os ahways 2;-eots om sozc
3 [nc typcs VysOmt( VysFark( VysHgmi( VysHgmiFark( VysHgmicstOmt(
amk VysHgmicstFark arc iuaramtcck tg ec tnc sa`c sozc as tnc umkcrhyomi F
systc`)s omt( umsoimck omt( hgmi( umsoimck hgmi( hgmi hgmi( amk umsoimck hgmihgmitypcs
2 [nc typc Akkrcss os hgiofahhy cquovahcmt tg F)s vgok $ Amy pgomtcr gr array fam ec o`phofothy
fast tg Akkrcss Am cxphofot fast os rcquorck tg fast eafj tg a typck pgomtcr .ygu fammgt fast
eafj tg am array/9 [nc Vtromi typc os kcfharck as ]Fnar Vomihc-ko`cmsogmah arrays gbFnar fam ec o`phofothy fast
tg amy Vtromi kcstomatogm Vtromis arc mgt egumks-fncfjck( sg ec farcbuh Arrays arc egumks-
fncfjck
> \gomtcrs fam ec usck as arrays ci pZmP wohh affcss tnc m)tn otc` gb am umegumkck array
hgfatck at p Ssc wotn farc
? Yc kgm)t suppgrt bohc gb typcs Kata fam ec wrottcm tg stkgut usomi Yrotc amk YrotcHm( eut
tnat os tnc cxtcmt gb tnc O'G bafohotocs
1
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fatfn Ma`c 4 [ypc
bomahhy
cmk
13 [nc fatfn ehgfj wohh ec omvgjck wotn tnc cxfcptogm pgomtcr tnat was supphock tg tnrgw( abtcrfastomi ot tg [ypc .wnofn `ust ec a pgomtcr typc/ Vpcfobyomi tnrgw gm ots gwm wotngut am
ariu`cmt wohh rctnrgw tnc furrcmt cxfcptogm pgomtcr( amk fam gmhy ec usck omsokc a fatfn ehgfj
12 Kyma`of \asfah kgcs mgt aftuahhy fncfj tnc typc gb tnc tnrgwm pgomtcr Ob ygu navc `uhtophc jomksgb cxfcptogms( tncm ygu `ust stgrc sg`c jomk gb typc omkofatgr om tnc ehgfj tnat os tnrgwm amk tncmomspcft ]Ma`c tg scc wnat tnc omkofatgr says
19 [nc cxot jcywgrk fam ec usck tg ercaj gut gb a hggp
1> Bumftogm fahhs fam ec usck as prgfckurc fahhs [nc rcturm vahuc os oimgrck
1? Ncxakcfo`ah fgmstamts fam ec cxprcssck as ^^N [nc borst koiot `ust ec ectwccm < amk ?( eut
tnc rc`aomomi koiots fam ec amy ncx koiot
5
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; Omotoahozomi tnc DO[
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWomot .vgok/
[nos os mgr`ahhy tnc borst bumftogm tnat ygu fahh wncm usomi hoedot Ot omotoahozcs tnc hoerary amk
prcparcs bgr DO[ gpcratogms
[nc dotWfgmtcxtWfrcatc bumftogm ahsg fahhs tnos( sg ygu fam avgok
usomi dotWomot obdotWfgmtcxtWfrcatc os tnc borst DO[ bumftogm tnat ygu usc
Ot os sabc tg omotoahozc tnc DO[ `uhtophc to`cs Vuescqucmt omotoahozatogms arc quocthy oimgrck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWuscsWomtcrprctcr .vgok/
Kctcr`omc ob tnc DO[ uscs a bahh-eafj omtcrprctcr tg cxcfutc fgkc ratncr tnam icmcratomi amk
cxcfutomi matovc fgkc [nos fam ec fahhck progr tg dotWomot
Cvcrytnomi tnat os kgmc wotn hoedot os kgmc rchatovc tg a fgmtcxt Ot os pgssoehc tg navc `grc tnam gmcfgmtcxt at a to`c - cafn afts as am omkcpcmkcmt cmvorgm`cmt bgr fg`pohomi amk `amaiomi fgkc
Yncm ygu wamt tg fg`pohc a bumftogm( ygu frcatc ot wotn dotWbumftogmWfrcatc( amk tncm pgpuhatc ots
egky wotn fahhs tg tnc vahuc amk omstruftogm bumftogms Vcc Vcc scftogmYgrjomi wotn tc`pgrary vahucs omtnc DO[( amkYgrjomi wotn omstruftogms om tnc DO[bgr `grc ombgr`atogm gm ngw tg kg tnos
;1 Ssomi hoedot om a `uhto-tnrcakck cmvorgm`cmt
[nc hoerary kgcs mgt namkhc tnc frcatogm( `amaic`cmt( amk kcstruftogm gb tnrcaks otschb Ot os up tg tncbrgmt-cmk cmvorgm`cmt tg tajc farc gb tnat Eut tnc hoerary os tnrcak-awarc( as hgmi as ygu tajc sg`c vcryso`phc stcps
Om a `uhto-tnrcakck cmvorgm`cmt( ygu `ust cmsurc tnat gmhy gmc tnrcak fam euohk bumftogms at amy gmc
to`c Gtncrwosc tnc DO[)s fgmtcxt `ay ecfg`c fgrruptck [g prgtcft tnc systc`( ygu snguhkfahh dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart ecbgrc frcatomi tnc bumftogm Amk tncm
fahh dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk gmfc tnc bumftogm nas eccm buhhy fg`pohck
_gu fam fg`pohc `uhtophc bumftogms kuromi tnc gmc euohk prgfcss ob ygu wosn( wnofn os tnc mgr`ah fascwncm fg`pohomi a fhass
Ot os usuahhy a iggk okca tg suspcmk tnc bomahozatogm gb iareaic-fghhcftck gedcfts wnohc bumftogm euohkomi osom prgircss Gtncrwosc ygu `ay ict a kcakhgfj wncm tnc bomahozcr tnrcak trocs tg fahh tnc euohkcr tgfg`pohc a bomahozatogm rgutomc Vuspcmsogm gb bomahozatogm os tnc rcspgmsoeohoty gb tnc fahhcr
;5 Fgmtcxt bumftogms
[nc bghhgwomi bumftogms arc avaohaehc tg frcatc( `amaic( amk uhto`atchy kcstrgy D O[ fgmtcxts4
Bumftogm4 dotWfgmtcxtWt dotWfgmtcxtWfrcatc .vgok/
Frcatc a mcw fgmtcxt ehgfj bgr tnc DO[ Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_8.html#SEC18http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_8.html#SEC18http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_8.html#SEC18http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_8.html#SEC18http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC17http://www.gnu.org/software/dotgnu/libjit-doc/libjit_7.html#SEC177/28/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Jit
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Bumftogm4 vg ok dotWfgmtcxtWkcstrgy .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt/
Kcstrgy a DO[ fgmtcxt ehgfj amk cvcrytnomi tnat os assgfoatck wotn ot Ot os vcry o`pgrtamt tnat mgtnrcaks wotnom tnc prgira` arc furrcmthy rummomi fg`pohck fgkc wncm tnos bumftogm os fahhck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWfgmtcxtWsuppgrtsWtnrcaks .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt/
Kctcr`omc ob tnc DO[ suppgrts tnrcaks
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt/
[nos rgutomc snguhk ec fahhck ecbgrc ygu start euohkomi a bumftogm tg ec DO[)ck Ot afquorcs a hgfj
gm tnc fgmtcxt tg prcvcmt gtncr tnrcaks brg` affcssomi tnc euohk prgfcss( somfc gmhy gmc tnrcakfam ec pcrbgr`omi euohk gpcratogms at amy gmc to`c
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt/
[nos rgutomc snguhk ec fahhck gmfc ygu navc bomosnck euohkomi amk fg`pohomi a bumftogm amk arc
rcaky tg rcsu`c mgr`ah cxcfutogm [nos rgutomc wohh rchcasc tnc euohk hgfj( ahhgwomi gtncr tnrcakstnat arc waotomi gm tnc euohkcr tg prgfcck
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWfgmtcxtWsctWgmWkc`amkWkrovcr .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt(
dotWgmWkc amkWkrovcrWbumf kr ovcr/
Vpcfoby tnc F bumftogm tg ec fahhck tg krovc gm-kc`amk fg`pohatogm
Yncm gm-kc`amk fg`pohatogm os rcqucstck tnc kcbauht krovcr prgvokck ey hoedot tajcs tncbghhgwomi aftogms4
1 [nc fgmtcxt os hgfjck ey fahhomi dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart
5 Ob tnc bumftogm nas ahrcaky eccm fg`pohck( hoedot umhgfjs tnc fgmtcxt amk rcturmso``ckoatchy [nos fam nappcm ecfausc gb rafc fgmkotogms ectwccm tnrcaks4 sg`c gtncrtnrcak `ay navc ecatcm us tg tnc gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr
6 [nc uscr)s gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr os fahhck Ot os rcspgmsoehc bgr euohkomi tnc omstruftogms omtnc bumftogm)s egky Ot snguhk rcturm gmc gb tnc rcsuhtfgkcs DO[WUCVSH[WGJ( DO[WUCVSH[WFG@\OHCWCUUGU (
grDO[WUCVSH[WGS[WGBW@C@GU_
; Ob tnc uscr)s gm-kc`amk bumftogm nasm)t ahrcaky kgmc sg( hoedot wohh
fahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc tg fg`pohc tnc bumftogm
3 [nc fgmtcxt os umhgfjck ey fahhomi dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk amk hoedot du`ps tg tnc
mcwhy-fg`pohck cmtry pgomt Ob am crrgr gffurs( a euoht-om cxfcptogm gbtypc DO[WUCVSH[WFG@\OHCWCUUGU grDO[WUCVSH[WGS[WGBW@C@GU_ wohh ec tnrgwm
2 [nc cmtry pgomt gb tnc fg`pohck bumftogm os rcturmck brg` tnc krovcr
_gu `ay mcck tg prgvokc ygur gwm krovcr ob sg`c akkotogmah aftogms arc rcquorck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWfgmtcxtWsctW`cta .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( omt typc( vgok $kata(
dotW`ctaWbrccWbumf brccWkata/
[ai a fgmtcxt wotn sg`c `ctakata Ucturms zcrg ob gut gb `c`gry
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@ctakata `ay ec usck tg stgrc kcpcmkcmfy irapns( eramfn prckoftogm ombgr`atogm( gr amy gtncrombgr`atogm tnat os uscbuh tg gpto`ozcrs gr fgkc icmcratgrs Ot fam ahsg ec usck ey noincr hcvch
uscr fgkc tg stgrc ombgr`atogm aegut tnc fgmtcxt tnat os spcfobof tg tnc vortuah `afnomc grhamiuaic
Ob tnc typc ahrcaky nas sg`c `ctakata assgfoatck wotn ot( tncm tnc prcvogus vahuc wohh ec brcck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWfgmtcxtWsctW`ctaWmu`crof .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( omt typc( dotWmuomt kata/
[ai a fgmtcxt wotn mu`crof `ctakata Ucturms zcrg ob gut gb `c`gry [nos bumftogm os `grcfgmvcmocmt bgr affcssomi tnc fgmtcxt)s spcfoah gptogm vahucs4
DO[WG\[OGMWFAFNCWHO@O[
A mu`crof gptogm tnat omkofatcs tnc `axo`u` sozc om eytcs gb tnc bumftogm fafnc Ob sct tg zcrg.tnc kcbauht/( tnc bumftogm fafnc os umho`otck om sozc
DO[WG\[OGMWFAFNCW\AICWVOTC
A mu`crof gptogm tnat omkofatcs tnc sozc om eytcs gb a somihc paic om tnc bumftogm fafnc @c`gry os
ahhgfatck bgr tnc fafnc om fnumjs gb tnos sozc Ob sct tg zcrg( tnc fafnc paic sozc os sct tg am
omtcrmahhy-kctcr`omck kcbauht .usuahhy 15>j/ [nc fafnc paic sozc ahsg kctcr`omcs tnc `axo`u`sozc gb a somihc fg`pohck bumftogm
DO[WG\[OGMW\UCWFG@\OHC
A mu`crof gptogm tnat omkofatcs tnat tnos fgmtcxt os ecomi usck bgr prc-fg`pohatogm ob o t os sct tg a
mgm-zcrg vahuc Fgkc wotnom prc-fg`pohck fgmtcxts fammgt ec cxcfutck korcfthy Omstcak( tncy famec wrottcm gut tg kosj om CHB bgr`at tg ec rchgakck at sg`c buturc to`c
DO[WG\[OGMWKGM[WBGHK
A mu`crof gptogm tnat kosaehcs fgmstamt bghkomi wncm ot os sct tg a mgm-zcrg vahuc [nos os uscbuh
bgr kceuiiomi( as ot bgrfcs hoedot tg ahways cxcfutc fgmstamt cxprcssogms at rum to`c( omstcak gb
at fg`pohc to`c
DO[WG\[OGMW\GVO[OGMWOMKC\CMKCM[
A mu`crof gptogm tnat bgrfcs icmcratogm gb pgsotogm-omkcpcmkcmt fgkc .\OF/ o b ot os sct tg a mgm-zcrg vahuc [nos `ay ec `aomhy uscbuh bgr prc-fg`pohck fgmtcxts
@ctakata typc vahucs gb 1
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Ict tnc `ctakata assgfoatck wotn a partofuhar tai Ucturms zcrg obtypc kgcs mgt navc amy
`ctakata assgfoatck wotn ot [nos vcrsogm os `grc fgmvcmocmt bgr tnc prc -kcbomck mu`crof gptogmvahucs
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWfgmtcxtWbrccW`cta .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( omt typc/
Brcc `ctakata gb a spcfobof typc gm a fgmtcxt Kgcs mgtnomi ob tnc typc kgcs mgt navc amy`ctakata assgfoatck wotn ot
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3 Euohkomi amk fg`pohomi bumftogms wotn tnc DO[
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumftogmWfrcatc .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( dotWtypcWt soimaturc/
Frcatc a mcw bumftogm ehgfj amk assgfoatc ot wotn a DO[ fgmtcxt Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
A bumftogm pcrsosts bgr tnc ho bcto`c gb ots fgmtaomomi fgmtcxt Ot omotoahhy starts ho bc om tnc %euohkomi%statc( wncrc tnc uscr fgmstrufts omstruftogms tnat rcprcscmts tnc bumftogm egky Gmfc tnc euohkprgfcss os fg`phctc( tnc uscr fahhsdotWbumftogmWfg`pohc tg fgmvcrt ot omtg ots cxcfutaehc
bgr`
Ot os rcfg``cmkck tnat ygu fahh dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart ecbgrc
fahhomi dotWbumftogmWfrcatc ( amk tncm fahh dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk abtcr ygu navc
fahhck dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc [nos wohh prgtcft tnc DO[)s omtcrmah kata strufturcs wotnom a`uhto-tnrcakck cmvorgm`cmt
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumftogmWfrcatcWmcstck .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt(
dotWtypcWt soimaturc( dotWbumftogmWt parcmt/
Frcatc a mcw bumftogm ehgfj amk assgfoatc ot wotn a DO[ fgmtcxt Om akkotogm( tnos bumftogm os mcstck
omsokc tnc spcfobock parcmt bumftogm amk os aehc tg affcss ots parcmt)s .amk iramkparcmt)s/ hgfahvaroaehcs
[nc brgmt cmk os rcspgmsoehc bgr cmsuromi tnat tnc mcstck bumftogm fam mcvcr ec fahhck ey amygmccxfcpt ots parcmt amk soehomi bumftogms [nc brgmt cmk os ahsg rcspgmsoehc bgr cmsuromi tnat tncmcstck bumftogm os fg`pohck ecbgrc ots parcmt
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWbumftogmWaeamkgm .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Aeamkgm tnos bumftogm kuromi tnc euohk prgfcss [nos snguhk ec fahhck wncm ygu kctcft a batah
crrgr tnat prcvcmts tnc bumftogm brg` ecomi prgpcrhy euoht [nc bumfgedcft os fg`phctchy kcstrgyckamk kctafnck brg` ots gwmomi fgmtcxt [nc bumftogm os hcbt ahgmc ob ot was ahrcaky fg`pohck
Bumftogm4 dotWfgmtcxtWt dotWbumftogmWictWfgmtcxt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ict tnc fgmtcxt assgfoatck wotn a bumftogm
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWbumftogmWictWsoimaturc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ict tnc soimaturc assgfoatck wotn a bumftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWsctW`cta .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( omt typc( vgok $kata(
dotW`ctaWbrccWbumf brccWkata( omt euohkWgmhy/
[ai a bumftogm wotn sg`c `ctakata Ucturms zcrg ob gut gb `c`gry
@ctakata `ay ec usck tg stgrc kcpcmkcmfy irapns( eramfn prckoftogm ombgr`atogm( gr amy gtncr
ombgr`atogm tnat os uscbuh tg gpto`ozcrs gr fgkc icmcratgrs Ot fam ahsg ec usck ey noincr hcvchuscr fgkc tg stgrc ombgr`atogm aegut tnc bumftogm tnat os spcfobof tg tnc vortuah `afnomc grhamiuaic
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Ob tnc typc ahrcaky nas sg`c `ctakata assgfoatck wotn ot( tncm tnc prcvogus vahuc wohh ec brcck
ObeuohkWgmhy os mgm-zcrg( tncm tnc `ctakata wohh ec brcck wncm tnc bumftogm os fg`pohckwotn dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc Gtncrwosc tnc `ctakata wohh pcrsost umtoh tnc DO[ fgmtcxt os
kcstrgyck( grdotWbumftogmWbrccW`cta os fahhck bgr tnc spcfobocktypc
@ctakata typc vahucs gb 1
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tnc bumftogm tnc borst to`c Gm tnc scfgmk to`c argumk( euohk tnc bumftogm)s omstruftogms aiaom( amkfahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc a scfgmk to`c
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWfg`pohcWcmtry .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( vgok $$cmtryWpgomt/
Fg`pohc a bumftogm tg ots cxcfutaehc bgr` eut kg mgt `ajc ot avaohaehc bgr omvgfatogm yct Ot `ay ec
`akc avaohaehc hatcr wotn dotWbumftogmWsctupWcmtry
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWsctupWcmtry .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( vg ok $cmtryWpgomt/
@ajc a bumftogm fg`pohck wotn dotWbumftogmWfg`pohcWcmtry avaohaehc bgr omvgfatogm amkbrcc tnc rcsgurfcs usck bgr fg`pohatogm ObcmtryWpgomt os muhh tncm ot gmhy brccs tnc rcsgurfcs
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWosWfg`pohck .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Kctcr`omc ob a bumftogm nas ahrcaky eccm fg`pohck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWsctWrcfg`pohaehc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
@arj tnos bumftogm as a famkokatc bgr rcfg`pohatogm [nat os( ot os pgssoehc tnat wc `ay
fahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc `grc tnam gmfc( tg rc-gpto`ozc am cxostomi bumftogm
Ot os vcry o`pgrtamt tnat tnos ec fahhck ecbgrc tnc borst to`c tnat ygufahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc Bumftogms tnat arc rcfg`pohaehc arc omvgjck om a shointhy kobbcrcmt
way tg mgm-rcfg`pohaehc bumftogms Ob ygu kgm)t sct tnos bhai( tncm cxostomi omvgfatogms gb tncbumftogm `ay fgmtomuc tg ec scmt tg tnc groiomah fg`pohck vcrsogm( mgt tnc mcw vcrsogm
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWbumftogmWfhcarWrcfg`pohaehc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Fhcar tnc rcfg`pohaehc bhai gm tnos bumftogm Mgr`ahhy ygu wguhk usc tnos gmfc ygu navc kcfokck
tnat tnc bumftogm nas eccm gpto`ozck cmguin( amk tnat ygu mg hgmicr omtcmk tgfahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc aiaom
Buturc uscs gb tnc bumftogm wotn dotWomsmWfahh wohh gutput a korcft fahh tg tnc bumftogm( wnofn os
`grc cbbofocmt tnam fahhomi ots rcfg`pohaehc vcrsogm \rc-cxostomi fahhs tg tnc bumftogm `ay stohh uscrckorcftogm stues( amk wohh rc`aom sg umtoh tnc prc-cxostomi bumftogms arc tnc`schvcs rcfg`pohck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWosWrcfg`pohaehc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Kctcr`omc ob tnos bumftogm os rcfg`pohaehc
Bumftogm4 vg ok $ dotWbumftogmWtgWfhgsurc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Fgmvcrt a fg`pohck bumftogm omtg a fhgsurc tnat fam fahhck korcfthy brg` F Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb`c`gry( gr ob fhgsurcs arc mgt suppgrtck gm tnos phatbgr`
Ob tnc bumftogm nas mgt eccm fg`pohck yct( tncm tnos wohh rcturm a pgomtcr tg a rckorcftgr tnat wohharramic bgr tnc bumftogm tg ec fg`pohck gm-kc`amk wncm ot os fahhck
Frcatomi a fhgsurc bgr a mcstck bumftogm os mgt rcfg``cmkck as F kgcs mgt navc amy way tg fahhsufn fhgsurcs korcfthy
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Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumftogmWbrg`Wfhgsurc .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( vgok $f hgsurc/
Fgmvcrt a fhgsurc eafj omtg a bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc fhgsurc kgcs mgt fgrrcspgmk tg abumftogm om tnc spcfobock fgmtcxt
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumftogmWbrg`Wpf .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( vgok $pf( vgok
$$namkhcr/
Ict tnc bumftogm tnat fgmtaoms tnc spcfobock prgira` fgumtcr hgfatogm Ahsg rcturm tnc akkrcss gb
tnc fatfn namkhcr bgr tnc sa`c hgfatogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc prgira` fgumtcr kgcs mgt
fgrrcspgmk tg a bumftogm umkcr tnc fgmtrgh gbfgmtcxt
Bumftogm4 vgok $ dotWbumftogmWtgWvtaehcWpgomtcr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ucturm a pgomtcr tnat os suotaehc bgr rcbcrromi tg tnos bumftogm brg` a vtaehc Vufn pgomtcrs snguhk
gmhy ec usck wotn tnc dotWomsmWfahhWvtaehc omstruftogm
Ssomi dotWomsmWfahhWvtaehc os icmcrahhy `grc cbbofocmt
tnam dotWomsmWfahhWomkorcft bgr fahhomi vortuah `ctngks
[nc vtaehc pgomtcr `oint ec tnc sa`c as tnc fhgsurc( eut tnos osm)t iuaramtcck Fhgsurcs fam ecusck wotn dotWomsmWfahhWomkorcft
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumftogmWbrg`WvtaehcWpgomtcr .dotWfgmtcxtWt fgmtcxt( vgok
$vtaehcWpgomtcr/
Fgmvcrt a vtaehcWpgomtcr eafj omtg a bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc vtaehcWpgomtcr kgcs mgtfgrrcspgmk tg a bumftogm om tnc spcfobock fgmtcxt
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWbumftogmWsctWgmWkc amkWfg`pohcr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf(
dotWgmWkc amkWbumf gmWkc`amk/
Vpcfoby tnc F bumftogm tg ec fahhck wncm bumfmccks tg ec fg`pohck gm-kc`amk [nos snguhk ecsct dust abtcr tnc bumftogm os frcatck( ecbgrc amy euohk gr fg`pohc prgfcsscs eciom
_gu wgm)t mcck am gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr ob ygu ahways euohk amk fg`pohc ygur bumftogms ecbgrcygu fahh tnc` Eut ob ygu fam fahh a bumftogm ecbgrc ot os euoht( tncm ygu `ust supphy am gm -kc`amkfg`pohcr
Yncm gm-kc`amk fg`pohatogm os rcqucstck( hoedot tajcs tnc bghhgwomi aftogms4
1 [nc fgmtcxt os hgfjck ey fahhomi dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWstart
5 Ob tnc bumftogm nas ahrcaky eccm fg`pohck( hoedot umhgfjs tnc fgmtcxt amk rcturmso``ckoatchy [nos fam nappcm ecfausc gb rafc fgmkotogms ectwccm tnrcaks4 sg`c gtncr
tnrcak `ay navc ecatcm us tg tnc gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr6 [nc uscr)s gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr os fahhck Ot os rcspgmsoehc bgr euohkomi tnc omstruftogms om
tnc bumftogm)s egky Ot snguhk rcturm gmc gb tnc rcsuht
fgkcs DO[WUCVSH[WGJ( DO[WUCVSH[WFG@\OHCWCUUGU (
grDO[WUCVSH[WGS[WGBW@C@GU_
; Ob tnc uscr)s gm-kc`amk bumftogm nasm)t ahrcaky kgmc sg( hoedot wohh
fahh dotWbumftogmWfg`pohc tg fg`pohc tnc bumftogm
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3 [nc fgmtcxt os umhgfjck ey fahhomi dotWfgmtcxtWeuohkWcmk amk hoedot du`ps tg tnc
mcwhy-fg`pohck cmtry pgomt Ob am crrgr gffurs( a euoht-om cxfcptogm gbtypc DO[WUCVSH[WFG@\OHCWCUUGU grDO[WUCVSH[WGS[WGBW@C@GU_ wohh ec tnrgwm
Mgr`ahhy ygu wohh mcck sg`c jomk gb fgmtcxt ombgr`atogm tg tchh ygu wnofn noincr-hcvch fgmstruft osecomi fg`pohck _gu fam usc tnc `ctakata bafohoty tg akk tnos fgmtcxt ombgr`atogm tg tnc bumftogm
dust abtcr ygu frcatc ot wotn dotWbumftogmWfrcatc
Bumftogm4 dotWgmWkc amkWbumf dotWbumftogmWictWgmWkc`amkWfg`pohcr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ucturms bumftogm)s gm-kc`amk fg`pohcr
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWapphy .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( vgok $$aris( vgok $rcturmWarca/
Fahh tnc bumftogm bumfwotn tnc supphock ariu`cmts Cafn chc`cmt om aris os a pgomtcr tg gmc gb tnc
ariu`cmts( amk rcturmWarca pgomts tg a eubbcr tg rcfcovc tnc rcturm vahuc Ucturms zcrg ob amcxfcptogm gffurrck
[nos os tnc pro`ary `cams bgr cxcfutomi a bumftogm brg` grkomary F fgkc wotngut frcatomi afhgsurc borst wotn dotWbumftogmWtgWfhgsurc Fhgsurcs `ay mgt ec suppgrtck gm ahh phatbgr`s(
eut bumftogm apphofatogm os iuaramtcck tg ec suppgrtck cvcrywncrc
Bumftogm apphofatogms afts as am cxfcptogm ehgfjcr Ob amy cxfcptogms gffur kuromi tnc cxcfutogmgbbumf( tncy wgm)t travch up tnc stafj amy burtncr tnam tnos pgomt [nos prcvcmts grkomary F fgkc
brg` ecomi affokcmtahhy prcscmtck wotn a sotuatogm tnat ot fammgt namkhc [nos ehgfjomi prgtcftogm osmgt prcscmt wncm a bumftogm os omvgjck voa ots fhgsurc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWbumftogmWapphyWvarari .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWtypcWt soimaturc( vg ok
$$aris( vgok $rcturmWarca/
Fahh tnc bumftogm bumfwotn tnc supphock ariu`cmts [ncrc `ay ec `grc ariu`cmts tnam arc
spcfobock om tnc bumftogm)s groiomah soimaturc( om wnofn fasc tnc akkotogmah vahucs arc passck asvaroaehc ariu`cmts [nos bumftogm os gtncrwosc okcmtofah tgdotWbumftogmWapphy
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWbumftogmWsctWgpto`ozatogmWhcvch .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( umsoimck omt hcvch/
Vct tnc gpto`ozatogm hcvch bgrbumf Omfrcasomi vahucs omkofatc tnat tnc hoedot kyma`of fg`pohcr
snguhk cxpcmk `grc cbbgrt tg icmcratc ecttcr fgkc bgr tnos bumftogm Ssuahhy ygu wguhk omfrcasctnos vahuc dust ecbgrc bgrfomi bumf tg rcfg`pohc
Yncm tnc gpto`ozatogm hcvch rcafncs tnc vahuc rcturmck
ey dotWbumftogmWictW`axWgpto`ozatogmWhcvch./ ( tncrc os usuahhy hotthc pgomt om
fgmtomuomi tg rcfg`pohc tnc bumftogm ecfausc hoedot `ay mgt ec aehc tg kg amy ecttcr
[nc brgmt cmk os usuahhy rcspgmsoehc bgr fnggsomi famkokatcs bgr bumftogm omhomomi Ob ot nas
okcmtobock `grc sufn famkokatcs( tncm ot `ay stohh wamt tg rcfg`pohc bumfaiaom cvcm gmfc ot nasrcafnck tnc `axo`u` gpto`ozatogm hcvch
Bumftogm4 umsoimck omt dotWbumftogmWictWgpto`ozatogmWhcvch .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ict tnc furrcmt gpto`ozatogm hcvch bgrbumf
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Bumftogm4 umsoimck omt dotWbumftogmWictW`axWgpto`ozatogmWhcvch .vgok/
Ict tnc `axo`u` gpto`ozatogm hcvch tnat os suppgrtck ey hoedot
Bumftogm4 dotWhaechWt dotWbumftogmWrcscrvcWhaech .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ahhgfatc a mcw haech bgr hatcr usc wotnom tnc bumftogm bumf @gst omstruftogms tnat rcquorc a haechfguhk pcrbgr` haech ahhgfatogm tnc`schvcs A scparatc haech ahhgfatogm fguhk ec uscbuh tg bohh adu`p taehc wotn okcmtofah cmtrocs
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2 @amopuhatomi systc` typcs
[nc bumftogms tnat arc kcbomck om 8dot'dot-typcn= ahhgw tnc hoerary uscr tg frcatc amk `amopuhatc
gedcfts tnat rcprcscmt matovc systc` typcs Bgr cxa`phc( dotWtypcWomt rcprcscmts tnc soimck 65-eot
omtcicr typc
Cafn dotWtypcWt gedcft rcprcscmts a easof systc` typc( ec ot a pro`otovc( a struft( a umogm( a pgomtcr( gra bumftogm soimaturc [nc hoerary uscs tnos ombgr`atogm tg hay gut vahucs om `c`gry
[nc bghhgwomi prc-kcbomck typcs arc avaohaehc4
dotWtypcWvgok
Ucprcscmts tnc vgok typc
dotWtypcWseytc
Ucprcscmts a soimck >-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWueytc
Ucprcscmts am umsoimck >-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWsngrt
Ucprcscmts a soimck 12-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWusngrt
Ucprcscmts am umsoimck 12-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWomt
Ucprcscmts a soimck 65-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWuomt
Ucprcscmts am umsoimck 65-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWmomt
Ucprcscmts a soimck omtcicr typc tnat nas tnc sa`c sozc amk ahoim`cmt as a matovc pgomtcr
dotWtypcWmuomt
Ucprcscmts am umsoimck omtcicr typc tnat nas tnc sa`c sozc amk ahoim`cmt as a matovc pgomtcr
dotWtypcWhgmi
Ucprcscmts a soimck 2;-eot omtcicr typc
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dotWtypcWuhgmi
Ucprcscmts am umsoimck 2;-eot omtcicr typc
dotWtypcWbhgat65
Ucprcscmts a 65-eot bhgatomi pgomt typc
dotWtypcWbhgat2;
Ucprcscmts a 2;-eot bhgatomi pgomt typc
dotWtypcWmbhgat
Ucprcscmts a bhgatomi pgomt typc tnat rcprcscmts tnc ircatcst prcfosogm suppgrtck gm tnc matovcphatbgr`
dotWtypcWvgokWptr
Ucprcscmts tnc systc`)s vgok $ typc [nos fam ec usck wncrcvcr a matovc pgomtcr typc osrcquorck
[ypc kcsfroptgrs arc rcbcrcmfc fgumtck _gu fam `ajc a fgpy gb a typc kcsfroptgr usomitnc dotWtypcWfgpy bumftogm( amk brcc tnc fgpy wotn dotWtypcWbrcc
Vg`c hamiuaics navc spcfoah vcrsogms gb tnc pro`otovc mu`crof typcs .ci egghcam typcs( 12-eot Smofgkc
fnaraftcr typcs( cmu`cratogms( ctf/ Ob ot os o`pgrtamt tg kostomiuosn tncsc spcfoah vcrsogms brg` tncmu`crof typcs( tncm ygu snguhk usc tncdotWtypcWfrcatcWtaiick bumftogm echgw
[nc bghhgwomi typcs fgrrcspgmk tg tnc systc` typcs gm tnc hgfah phatbgr` oc dotWtypcWsysWomt wohh
ec tnc sa`c sozc as hgmi gm tnc hgfah phatbgr`( wncrcas dotWtypcWhgmi os ahways 2; eots om sozc[ncsc typcs snguhk mgt ec usck tg fg`pohc fgkc tnat os omtcmkck tg wgrj okcmtofahhy gm ahh phatbgr`s4
dotWtypcWsysWeggh
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` eggh typc
dotWtypcWsysWfnar
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` fnar typc [nos `ay ec cotncr soimck gr umsoimck( kcpcmkomi upgmtnc umkcrhyomi systc`
dotWtypcWsysWsfnar
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` soimck fnar typc
dotWtypcWsysWufnar
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` umsoimck fnar typc
dotWtypcWsysWsngrt
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Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` sngrt typc
dotWtypcWsysWusngrt
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` umsoimck sngrt typc
dotWtypcWsysWomt
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` omt typc
dotWtypcWsysWuomt
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` umsoimck omt typc
dotWtypcWsysWhgmi
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` hgmi typc
dotWtypcWsysWuhgmi
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` umsoimck hgmi typc
dotWtypcWsysWhgmihgmi
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` hgmi hgmi typc .WWomt2; umkcr Yom65/
dotWtypcWsysWuhgmihgmi
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` umsoimck hgmi hgmi typc .umsoimck WWomt2; umkcr Yom65/
dotWtypcWsysWbhgat
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` bhgat typc
dotWtypcWsysWkguehc
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` kguehc typc
dotWtypcWsysWhgmiWkguehc
Fgrrcspgmks tg tnc systc` hgmi kguehc typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfgpy .dotWtypcWt typc/
@ajc a fgpy gb tnc typc kcsfroptgr typc ey omfrcasomi ots rcbcrcmfc fgumt
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWtypcWbrcc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Brcc a typc kcsfroptgr ey kcfrcasomi ots rcbcrcmfc fgumt [nos bumftogm os sabc tg usc gm prc-kcbomck typcs( wnofn arc mcvcr aftuahhy brcck
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Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfrcatcWstruft .dotWtypcWt $b ochks( umsoimck omt mu`Wbochks(
omt omfrcb/
Frcatc a typc kcsfroptgr bgr a strufturc Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry Ob tncrc arc mg bochks(
tncm tnc sozc gb tnc strufturc wohh ec zcrg Ot os mcfcssary tg akk a pakkomi bochk ob tnc hamiuaic
kgcs mgt ahhgw zcrg-sozck strufturcs [nc rcbcrcmfc fgumts gm tnc bochk typcs arc omfrc`cmtck
obomfrcb os mgm-zcrg
[nc hoedot hoerary kgcs mgt prgvokc amy spcfoah suppgrt bgr o`phc`cmtomi strufturc omncrotamfc(
wncrc gmc strufturc cxtcmks tnc kcbomotogm gb amgtncr [nc cbbcft gb omncrotamfc fam ec afnocvck
ey ahways ahhgfatomi tnc borst bochk gb a strufturc tg ec am omstamfc gb tnc omncrotck strufturc@uhtophc omncrotamfc fam ec suppgrtck ey ahhgfatomi scvcrah spcfoah bochks at tnc brgmt gb amomncrotomi strufturc
Vo`oharhy( mg spcfoah suppgrt os prgvokck bgr vtaehcs [nc prgira` os rcspgmsoehc bgr ahhgfatomi am
apprgproatc shgt om a strufturc tg fgmtaom tnc vtaehc pgomtcr( amk kcrcbcrcmfomi ot wncrcvcrmcfcssary [nc vtaehc wohh otschb ec a strufturc( fgmtaomomi soimaturc typcs bgr cafn gb tnc `ctngkshgts
[nc fngofc mgt tg prgvokc spcfoah suppgrt bgr omncrotamfc amk vtaehcs om hoedot was kchoecratc[nc haygut gb gedcfts amk vtaehcs os noinhy spcfobof tg tnc hamiuaic amk vortuah `afnomc ecomic`uhatck( amk mg somihc sfnc`c fam ngpc tg fapturc ahh pgssoeohotocs
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfrcatcWumogm .dotWtypcWt $bochks( umsoimck omt mu`Wbochks(
omt omfrcb/
Frcatc a typc kcsfroptgr bgr a umogm Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry Ob tncrc arc mg bochks( tncm
tnc sozc gb tnc umogm wohh ec zcrg Ot os mcfcssary tg akk a pakkomi bochk ob tnc hamiuaic kgcs mgt
ahhgw zcrg-sozck umogms [nc rcbcrcmfc fgumts gm tnc bochk typcs arc omfrc`cmtck ob omfrcb os mgm-zcrg
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfrcatcWsoimaturc .dotWaeoWt aeo( dotWtypcWt rcturmWtypc(dotWtypcWt $para`s( ums oimck omt mu`Wpara s( omt omfrcb/
Frcatc a typc kcsfroptgr bgr a bumftogm soimaturc Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry [nc rcbcrcmfcfgumts gm tnc fg`pgmcmt typcs arc omfrc`cmtck ob omfrcb os mgm-zcrg
Yncm usck as a strufturc gr umogm bochk( bumftogm soimaturcs arc haok gut hojc pgomtcrs [nat os( tncyrcprcscmt a pgomtcr tg a bumftogm tnat nas tnc spcfobock para`ctcrs amk rcturm typc
[nc aeo para`ctcr spcfobocs tnc Apphofatogm Eomary Omtcrbafc .AEO/ tnat tnc bumftogm uscs Ot `ayec gmc gb tnc bghhgwomi vahucs4
dotWaeoWfkcfh
Ssc tnc matovc F AEO kcbomotogms gb tnc umkcrhyomi phatbgr`
dotWaeoWvarari
Ssc tnc matovc F AEO kcbomotogms gb tnc umkcrhyomi phatbgr`( amk ahhgw bgr am gptogmah host gbvaroaehc ariu`cmt para`ctcrs
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dotWaeoWstkfahh
Ssc tnc Yom65 V[KFAHH AEO kcbomotogms( wncrcey tnc fahhcc pgps ots ariu`cmts ratncr tnam tnc
fahhcr Ob tnc phatbgr` kgcs mgt suppgrt tnos typc gb AEO( tncm dotWaeoWstkfahh wohh ec okcmtofah
tg dotWaeoWfkcfh
dotWaeoWbastfahh
Ssc tnc Yom65 BAV[FAHH AEO kcbomotogms( wncrcey tnc fahhcc pgps ots ariu`cmts ratncr tnam tnc
fahhcr( amk tnc borst twg wgrk ariu`cmts arc passck om CF^ amk CK^ Ob tnc phatbgr` kgcs mgtsuppgrt tnos typc gb AEO( tncm dotWaeoWbastfahhwohh ec okcmtofah tg dotWaeoWfkcfh
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfrcatcWpgomtcr .dotWtypcWt typc( omt omfrcb/
Frcatc a typc kcsfroptgr bgr a pgomtcr tg amgtncr typc Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry [ncrcbcrcmfc fgumt gm typc os omfrc`cmtck obomfrcb os mgm-zcrg
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWfrcatcWtaiick .dotWtypcWt typc( omt jomk( vgok $kata(
dotW`ctaWbrccWbumf brccWbumf( omt omfrcb/
[ai a typc wotn sg`c akkotogmah uscr kata [aiiomi os typofahhy usck ey noincr-hcvch prgira`s tg
c`eck cxtra ombgr`atogm aegut a typc tnat hoedot otschb kgcs mgt suppgrt
As am cxa`phc( a hamiuaic `oint navc a 12-eot Smofgkc fnaraftcr typc amk a 12-eot umsoimckomtcicr typc tnat arc kostomft typcs( cvcm tnguin tncy snarc tnc sa`c bumka`cmtah rcprcscmtatogm
.dotWusngrt/ [aiiomi ahhgws tnc prgira` tg kostomiuosn tncsc twg typcs( wncm ot os mcfcssary
tg kg sg( wotngut abbcftomi hoedot )s aeohoty tg fg`pohc tnc fgkc cbbofocmthy
[nc jomk os a s`ahh pgsotovc omtcicr vahuc tnat tnc prgira` fam usc tg kostomiuosn `uhtophc tai
typcs [nc kata pgomtcr os tnc aftuah kata tnat ygu wosn tg stgrc Amk brccWbumf os a bumftogm tnat osusck tg brcc kata wncm tnc typc os brcck wotndotWtypcWbrcc
Ob ygu mcck tg stgrc `grc tnam gmc pocfc gb ombgr`atogm( ygu fam tai a typc `uhtophc to`cs [ncgrkcr om wnofn `uhtophc tais arc apphock os orrchcvamt tg hoedot( ahtnguin ot `ay ec rchcvamt tg tnc
noincr-hcvch prgira`
[ai jomks gb 1
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DO[W[_\C[AIWFGMV[
[nc umkcrhyomi vahuc os assu`ck tg navc fgmst sc`amtofs [nc hoedot hoerary kgcsm)t cmbgrfcsufn sc`amtofs4 ot os up tg tnc brgmt-cmk tg gmhy usc fgmstamt vahucs om appgproatc fgmtcxts
DO[W[_\C[AIWRGHA[OHC
[nc umkcrhyomi vahuc os assu`ck tg ec vghatohc [nc hoedot hoerary wohh autg`atofahhy
fahh dotWvahucWsctWvghatohc wncm a vahuc os fgmstruftck usomi tnos typc
DO[W[_\C[AIWUCBCUCMFC
[nc umkcrhyomi vahuc os a pgomtcr( eut ot os assu`ck tg rcbcr tg a pass-ey-rcbcrcmfc para`ctcr
DO[W[_\C[AIWGS[\S[
[nos os so`ohar tg DO[W[_\C[AIWUCBCUCMFC ( cxfcpt tnat tnc umkcrhyomi para`ctcr os assu`cktg ec gutput-gmhy
DO[W[_\C[AIWUCV[UOF[
[nc umkcrhyomi typc os `arjck as rcstroft Mgr`ahhy oimgrck
DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWEGGH DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWFNAUDO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWVFNAUDO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWSFNAUDO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWVNGU[ DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWSVNGU[ DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWOM[DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWSOM[
DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWHGMI DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWSHGMI DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWHGMIHGMI DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWSHGMIHGMI DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWBHGA[ DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWKGSEHC DO[W[_\C[AIWV_VWHGMIKGSEHC
Ssck tg `arj typcs tnat wc jmgw bgr a baft fgrrcspgmk tg tnc systc` F typcs gb tnc
fgrrcspgmkomi ma`cs [nos os pro`arohy usck tg kostomiuosn systc` typcs hojc omt amk hgmi typcs
gm 65-eot phatbgr`s wncm ot os mcfcssary tg kg sg [ncdotWtypcWsysWxxx vahucs arc ahh taiickom tnos `ammcr
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWsctWma`cs .dotWtypcWt typc( fnar $$ma`cs( umsoimck omt mu`Wma`cs/
Vct tnc bochk gr para`ctcr ma`cs bgr typc Ucturms zcrg ob tncrc os omsubbofocmt `c`gry tg sct tncma`cs
Mgr`ahhy bochks arc affcssck voa tncor omkcx Bochk ma`cs arc a fgmvcmocmfc bgr brgmt cmks tnatprcbcr tg usc ma`cs tg omkofcs
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Bumftogm4 vgok dotWtypcWsctWsozcWamkWahoim cmt .dotWtypcWt typc( dotWmomt s ozc(
dotWmomt ahoim`cmt/
Vct tnc sozc amk ahoim`cmt ombgr`atogm bgr a strufturc gr umogm typc Ssc tnos bgr pcrbgr`omi
cxphofot typc haygut Mgr`ahhy tnc sozc os fg`putck autg`atofahhy Oimgrck ob mgt a strufturc grumogm typc Vcttomi cotncr vahuc tg -1 wohh fausc tnat vahuc tg ec fg`putck autg`atofahhy
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWtypcWsctWgbbsct .dotWtypcWt typc( umsoimck omt b ochkWomkcx( dotWmuomt gbbsct/
Vct tnc gbbsct gb a spcfobof strufturc bochk Ssc tnos bgr pcrbgr`omi cxphofot typc haygut Mgr`ahhy tncgbbsct os fg`putck autg`atofahhy Oimgrck ob mgt a strufturc typc( gr tnc bochk omkcx os gut gb ramic
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWictWjomk .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict a vahuc tnat omkofatcs tnc jomk gbtypc [nos ahhgws fahhcrs tg quofjhy fhassoby a typc tgkctcr`omc ngw ot snguhk ec namkhck burtncr
DO[W[_\CWOMRAHOK
[nc vahuc gb tnc typc para`ctcr os MSHH
DO[W[_\CWRGOK
[nc typc os dotWtypcWvgok
DO[W[_\CWVE_[C
[nc typc os dotWtypcWseytc
DO[W[_\CWSE_[C
[nc typc os dotWtypcWueytc
DO[W[_\CWVNGU[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWsngrt
DO[W[_\CWSVNGU[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWusngrt
DO[W[_\CWOM[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWomt
DO[W[_\CWSOM[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWuomt
DO[W[_\CWMOM[
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[nc typc os dotWtypcWmomt
DO[W[_\CWMSOM[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWmuomt
DO[W[_\CWHGMI
[nc typc os dotWtypcWhgmi
DO[W[_\CWSHGMI
[nc typc os dotWtypcWuhgmi
DO[W[_\CWBHGA[65
[nc typc os dotWtypcWbhgat65
DO[W[_\CWBHGA[2;
[nc typc os dotWtypcWbhgat2;
DO[W[_\CWMBHGA[
[nc typc os dotWtypcWmbhgat
DO[W[_\CWV[USF[
[nc typc os tnc rcsuht gb fahhomi dotWtypcWfrcatcWstruft
DO[W[_\CWSMOGM
[nc typc os tnc rcsuht gb fahhomi dotWtypcWfrcatcWumogm
DO[W[_\CWVOIMA[SUC
[nc typc os tnc rcsuht gb fahhomi dotWtypcWfrcatcWsoimaturc
DO[W[_\CW\[U
[nc typc os tnc rcsuht gb fahhomi dotWtypcWfrcatcWpgomtcr
Ob tnos bumftogm rcturms DO[W[_\CWBOUV[W[AIICK gr noincr( tncm tnc typc os taiick amk ots tai
jomk os tnc rcturm vahuc `omus DO[W[_\CWBOUV[W[AIICK [nat os( tnc bghhgwomi twg cxprcssogms
wohh ec okcmtofah obtypc os taiick4
dotWtypcWictWtaiickWjomk.typc/dotWtypcWictWjomk.typc/ - DO[W[_\CWBOUV[W[AIICK
Bumftogm4 dotWmuomt dotWtypcWictWsozc .dotWtypcWt typc/
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Ict tnc sozc gb a typc om eytcs
Bumftogm4 dotWmuomt dotWtypcWictWahoim`cmt .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc ahoim`cmt gb a typc Am ahoim`cmt vahuc gb 5 omkofatcs tnat tnc typc snguhk ec ahoimck gma twg-eytc egumkary( bgr cxa`phc
Bumftogm4 umsoimck omt dotWtypcWmu`Wbochks .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc mu`ecr gb bochks om a strufturc gr umogm typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWictWbochk .dotWtypcWt typc( umsoimck omt bochkWomkcx/
Ict tnc typc gb a spcfobof bochk wotnom a strufturc gr umogm Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a strufturc grumogm( gr tnc omkcx os gut gb ramic
Bumftogm4 dotWmuomt dotWtypcWictWgbbsct .dotWtypcWt typc( umsoimck omt bochkWomkcx/
Ict tnc gbbsct gb a spcfobof bochk wotnom a strufturc Ucturms zcrg ob mgt a strufturc( gr tnc omkcx osgut gb ramic( sg tnos os sabc tg usc gm mgm-strufturc typcs
Bumftogm4 fgmst fnar $ dotWtypcWictWma c .dotWtypcWt typc( umsoimck omt omkcx/
Ict tnc ma`c gb a strufturc( umogm( gr soimaturc bochk'para`ctcr Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a strufturc(umogm( gr soimaturc( tnc omkcx os gut gb ramic( gr tncrc os mg ma`c assgfoatck wotn tnc fg`pgmcmt
Bumftogm4 umsoimck omt dotWtypcWbomkWma`c .dotWtypcWt typc( fgmst fnar $ma`c/
Bomk tnc bochk'para`ctcr omkcx bgr a partofuhar ma`c Ucturms DO[WOMRAHOKWMA@C ob tnc ma`cwas mgt prcscmt
Bumftogm4 umsoimck omt dotWtypcWmu`Wpara s .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc mu`ecr gb para`ctcrs om a soimaturc typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWictWrcturm .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc rcturm typc brg` a soimaturc typc Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a soimaturc typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWictWpara` .dotWtypcWt typc( umsoimck omt para`Womkcx/
Ict a spcfo bof para ctcr brg` a soimaturc typc Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a soimaturc typc gr tnc omkcx
os gut gb ramic
Bumftogm4 dotWaeoWt dotWtypcWictWaeo .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc AEO fgkc brg` a soimaturc typc Ucturms dotWaeoWfkcfh ob mgt a soimaturc typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWictWrcb.dotWtypcWt typc/
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Ict tnc typc tnat os rcbcrrck tg ey a pgomtcr typc Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a pgomtcr typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWictWtaiickWtypc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc typc tnat umkcrhocs a taiick typc Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a taiick typc
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWtypcWsctWtaiickWtypc .dotWtypcWt typc( dotWtypcWt umkcrhyomi/
Vct tnc typc tnat umkcrhocs a taiick typc Oimgrck ob typc os mgt a taiick typc Obtypc ahrcaky nasam umkcrhyomi typc( tncm tnc groiomah os brcck
[nos bumftogm os typofahhy usck tg bhcsn gut tnc egky gb a bgrwark-kcfharck typc [nc tai os usck asa phafcnghkcr umtoh tnc kcbomotogm fam ec hgfatck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWictWtaiickWtypc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc jomk gb tai tnat os apphock tg a taiick typc Ucturms -1 ob mgt a taiick typc
Bumftogm4 vg ok $ dotWtypcWictWtaiickWkata .dotWtypcWt typc/
Ict tnc uscr kata os assgfoatck wotn a taiick typc Ucturms MSHH ob mgt a taiick typc
Bumftogm4 vg ok dotWtypcWsctWtaiickWkata .dotWtypcWt typc( vgok $kata(
dotW`ctaWbrccWbumf brccWbumf/
Vct tnc uscr kata os assgfoatck wotn a taiick typc [nc groiomah kata( ob amy( os brcck
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWpro`otovc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os pro`otovc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWstruft .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os a strufturc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWumogm .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os a umogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWsoimaturc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os a bumftogm soimaturc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWpgomtcr .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os a pgomtcr
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWosWtaiick .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc os a taiick typc
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Bumftogm4 dotWmuomt dotWtypcWecstWahoim`cmt .vgok/
Ict tnc ecst ahoim`cmt vahuc bgr tnos phatbgr`
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWmgr`ahozc .dotWtypcWt typc/
Mgr`ahozc a typc tg ots easof mu`crof bgr` ci %dotWtypcWmomt% os turmck omtg %dotWtypcWomt% gr%dotWtypcWhgmi%( kcpcmkomi upgm tnc umkcrhyomi phatbgr` \gomtcrs arc mgr`ahozck hojc%dotWtypcWmomt% Ob tnc typc kgcs mgt navc a mgr`ahozck bgr`( ot os hcbt umfnamick
Mgr`ahozatogm os typofahhy usck progr tg apphyomi a eomary mu`crof omstruftogm( tg `ajc ot casocr tgkctcr`omc tnc fg``gm typc Ot wohh ahsg rc`gvc tais brg` tnc spcfobock typc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWrc`gvcWtais .dotWtypcWt typc/
Uc`gvc tais brg` a typc( amk rcturm tnc umkcrhyomi typc [nos os kobbcrcmt brg` mgr`ahozatogm(wnofn wohh ahsg fghhapscs matovc typcs tg tncor easof mu`crof fgumtcrparts
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWtypcWprg`gtcWomt .dotWtypcWt typc/
Obtypc os dotWtypcWseytc grdotWtypcWsngrt( tncm rcturm dotWtypcWomt
Obtypc os dotWtypcWueytc grdotWtypcWusngrt( tncm rcturm dotWtypcWuomt Gtncrwoscrcturm typc as-os
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWrcturmWvoaWpgomtcr .dotWtypcWt typc/
Kctcr`omc ob a typc snguhk ec rcturmck voa a pgomtcr ob ot appcars as tnc rcturm typc om a soimaturc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWtypcWnasWtai .dotWtypcWt typc( omt jomk/
Kctcr`omc obtypc nas a spcfobof jomk gb tai [nos wohh rcsghvc `uhtophc hcvchs gb taiiomi
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9 Ygrjomi wotn tc`pgrary vahucs om tnc DO[
Rahucs bgr` tnc eafjegmc gb tnc stgraic systc` om hoedot Cvcry vahuc om tnc systc`( ec ot a fgmstamt( a
hgfah varoaehc( gr a tc`pgrary rcsuht( os rcprcscmtck ey am gedcft gb typc dotWvahucWt [nc DO[ tncm
ahhgfatcs rciostcrs gr `c`gry hgfatogms tg tnc vahucs as apprgproatc
Yc wohh kc`gmstratc ngw tg usc vahucs wotn a so`phc cxa`phc gb akkomi twg hgfah varoaehcs tgictncr amkputtomi tnc rcsuht omtg a tnork hgfah varoaehc Borst( wc ahhgfatc stgraic bgr tnc tnrcc hgfah varoaehcs4
vahuc1 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:vahuc5 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:vahuc6 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:
Ncrc( bumf os tnc bumftogm tnat wc arc euohkomi [g akk vahuc1 amk vahuc5 amk put tnc rcsuht
omtg vahuc6( wc usc tnc bghhgwomi fgkc4
tc`p 0 dotWomsmWakk.bumf( vahuc1( vahuc5/:
dotWomsmWstgrc.bumf( vahuc6( tc`p/:
[nc dotWomsmWakk bumftogm ahhgfatcs a tc`pgrary vahuc .tc`p / amk phafcs tnc rcsuht gb tnc akkotogm omtg
ot [nc dotWomsmWstgrc bumftogm tncm stgrcs tnc tc`pgrary rcsuht omtg vahuc6
_gu `oint ec tc`ptck tg tnomj tnat tnc aegvc fgkc os omcbbofocmt Yny kg wc fgpy tnc rcsuht omtg a
tc`pgrary varoaehc borst7 Yny mgt put tnc rcsuht korcfthy tg vahuc67
Ecnomk tnc sfcmcs( tnc DO[ wohh typofahhy gpto`ozc tc`p away( rcsuhtomi om tnc bomah fgkc tnat ygu cxpcft
.oc vahuc6 0 vahuc1 * vahuc5/ Ot os so`phy casocr tg usc hoedot ob ahh rcsuhts cmk up om tc`pgrary
varoaehcs borst( sg tnat)s wnat wc kg
Ssomi tc`pgrary vahucs( ot os vcry casy tg fgmvcrt stafj `afnomc eytcfgkcs omtg DO[ omstruftogms Fgmsokcrtnc bghhgwomi Dava Rortuah @afnomc eytcfgkc .rcprcscmtomi vahuc; 0 vahuc1 $ vahuc5 * vahuc6/4
ohgak 1
ohgak 5o`uhohgak 6oakkostgrc ;
Hct us kc`gmstratc ngw tnos fgkc wguhk ec tramshatck( omstruftogm ey omstruftogm Yc assu`c tnat wc
navc a stafj avaohaehc( wnofn jccps trafj gb tnc tc`pgrary vahucs om tnc systc` Yc ahsg assu`c
tnatdotWvahucWt
gedcfts rcprcscmtomi tnc hgfah varoaehcs arc ahrcaky stgrck om am array fahhckhgfahs
Borst( wc hgak hgfah varoaehc 1 gmtg tnc stafj4
stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ1P/:
Yc rcpcat tnos bgr hgfah varoaehc 54
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stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ5P/:Mgw wc pgp tncsc twg vahucs amk pusn tncor `uhtophofatogm4
stafjZsozc - 5P 0 dotWomsmW`uh.bumf( stafjZsozc - 5P( stafjZsozc - 1P/:
--sozc:
Mcxt( wc mcck tg pusn tnc vahuc gb hgfah varoaehc 6 amk akk ot tg tnc prgkuft tnat wc dust fg`putck4
stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ6P/:stafjZsozc - 5P 0 dotWomsmWakk.bumf( stafjZsozc - 5P( stafjZsozc - 1P/:--sozc:
Bomahhy( wc stgrc tnc rcsuht omtg hgfah varoaehc ;4
dotWomsmWstgrc.bumf( hgfahsZ;P( stafjZ--sozcP/:
Fghhcftomi up ahh gb tnc aegvc fgkc( wc ict tnc bghhgwomi4
stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ1P/:stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ5P/:stafjZsozc - 5P 0 dotWomsmW`uh.bumf( stafjZsozc - 5P( stafjZsozc - 1P/:--sozc:stafjZsozc**P 0 dotWomsmWhgak.bumf( hgfahsZ6P/:stafjZsozc - 5P 0 dotWomsmWakk.bumf( stafjZsozc - 5P( stafjZsozc - 1P/:--sozc:dotWomsmWstgrc.bumf( hgfahsZ;P( stafjZ--sozcP/:
[nc DO[ wohh gpto`ozc away `gst gb tncsc tc`pgrary rcsuhts( hcavomi tnc bomah `afnomc fgkc tnat ygu
cxpcft
Ob tnc vortuah `afnomc was rciostcr-easck( tncm a shointhy kobbcrcmt tramshatogm stratciy wguhk ec usck
Fgmsokcr tnc bghhgwomi fgkc( wnofn fg`putcs rci; 0 rci1 $ rci5 * rci6 ( wotn tnc omtcr`ckoatc
rcsuht stgrck tc`pgrarohy om rci34
`uh rci3( rci1( rci5
akk rci;( rci3( rci6
_gu wguhk start ey ahhgfatomi vahuc gedcfts bgr ahh gb tnc rciostcrs om ygur systc`
.wotn dotWvahucWfrcatc/4
rciZ1P 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:rciZ5P 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:rciZ6P 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:rciZ;P 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:rciZ3P 0 dotWvahucWfrcatc.bumf( dotWtypcWomt/:
[ncm( tnc vortuah rciostcr `afnomc fgkc os tramshatck as bghhgws4
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tc`p1 0 dotWomsmW`uh.bumf( rciZ1P( rciZ5P/:dotWomsmWstgrc.rciZ3P( tc`p1/:tc`p5 0 dotWomsmWakk.bumf( rciZ3P( rciZ6P/:dotWomsmWstgrc.rciZ;P( tc`p5/:
Cafn vortuah rciostcr `afnomc omstruftogm turms omtg twg hoedot bumftogm fahhs [nc DO[ wohh mgr`ahhy
gpto`ozc away tnc tc`pgrary rcsuhts Ob tnc vahuc om rci3 os mgt usck burtncr kgwm tnc fgkc( tncm tnc DO[`ay ahsg ec aehc tg gpto`ozc rci3 away
[nc rcst gb tnos scftogm kcsfroecs tnc bumftogms tnat arc avaohaehc tg frcatc amk `amopuhatc vahucs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWtypcWt typc/
Frcatc a mcw vahuc om tnc fgmtcxt gb a bumftogm)s furrcmt ehgfj [nc vahuc omotoahhy starts gbb as a
ehgfj-spcfobof tc`pgrary Ot wohh ec fgmvcrtck omtg a bumftogm -wokc hgfah varoaehc ob ot os cvcrrcbcrcmfck brg` a kobbcrcmt ehgfj Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
Mgtc4 Ot osm)t pgssoehc tg rcbcr tg ihgeah varoaehcs korcfthy usomi vahucs Ob ygu mcck tg affcss a
ihgeah varoaehc( tncm hgak ots akkrcss omtg a tc`pgrary amkusc dotWomsmWhgakWrchatovc grdotWomsmWstgrcWrchatovc tg `amopuhatc ot Ot so`phobocs
tnc DO[ ob ot fam assu`c tnat ahh vahucs arc hgfah
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWmomtWfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWtypcWt typc(
dotWmomt fgmstWvahuc/
Frcatc a mcw matovc omtcicr fgmstamt om tnc spcfobock bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
[nc typc para`ctcr omkofatcs tnc aftuah typc gb tnc fgmstamt( ob ot nappcms tg ec sg`ctnomi gtncrtnam dotWtypcWmomt Bgr cxa`phc( tnc bghhgwomi wohh frcatc am umsoimck eytc fgmstamt4
vahuc 0 dotWvahucWfrcatcWmomtWfgmstamt.fgmtcxt( dotWtypcWueytc( 15>/:
[nos bumftogm fam ec usck tg frcatc fgmstamts gb
typc dotWtypcWseytc( dotWtypcWueytc( dotWtypcWsngrt( dotWtypcWusngrt( dotWtyp
cWomt( dotWtypcWuomt( dotWtypcWmomt( dotWtypcWmuomt( amk ahh pgomtcr typcs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWhgmiWfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWtypcWt typc(
dotWhgmi fgmstWvahuc/
Frcatc a mcw 2;-eot omtcicr fgmstamt om tnc spcfobock bumftogm [nos fam ahsg ec usck tg frcatc
fgmstamts gb typc dotWtypcWuhgmi Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWbhgat65Wfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf(
dotWtypcWt typc( dotWbhgat65 fgmstWva huc/
Frcatc a mcw 65-eot bhgatomi-pgomt fgmstamt om tnc spcfobock bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb`c`gry
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWbhgat2;Wfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf(
dotWtypcWt typc( dotWbhgat2; fgmstWva huc/
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Frcatc a mcw 2;-eot bhgatomi-pgomt fgmstamt om tnc spcfobock bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb`c`gry
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWmbhgatWfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWtypcWt typc(
dotWmbhgat fgmstWva huc/
Frcatc a mcw matovc bhgatomi-pgomt fgmstamt om tnc spcfobock bumftogm Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb`c`gry
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWfrcatcWfgmstamt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( fgmst dotWfgmstamt
$fgmstWvahuc/
Frcatc a mcw fgmstamt brg a icmcrof fgmstamt strufturc om tnc spcfobock bumftogm Uctu rms MSHHob gut gb `c`gry gr ob tnc typc om fgmstWvahuc os mgt suotaehc bgr a fgmstamt
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWictWpara` .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( umsoimck omt para`/
Ict tnc vahuc tnat fgrrcspgmks tg a spcfobock bumftogm para`ctcr Ucturms MSHH ob gut gb `c`gry
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWvahucWictWstruftWpgomtcr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Ict tnc vahuc tnat fgmtaoms tnc strufturc rcturm pgomtcr bgr a bumftogm Ob tnc bumftogm kgcs mgt navca strufturc rcturm pgomtcr .oc strufturcs arc rcturmck om rciostcrs/( tncm tnos rcturms MSHH
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWtc`pgrary .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os tc`pgrary oc ots sfgpc cxtcmks gvcr a somihc ehgfj wotnom ots bumftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWhgfah .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os hgfah oc ots sfgpc cxtcmks gvcr `uhtophc ehgfjs wotnom ots bumftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os a fgmstamt
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWpara`ctcr .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os a bumftogm para`ctcr
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWvahucWrcb.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Frcatc a rcbcrcmfc tg tnc spcfobock vahuc brg` tnc furrcmt ehgfj om bumf [nos wohh fgmvcrt atc`pgrary vahuc omtg a hgfah vahuc obvahuc os ecomi rcbcrcmfck brg` a kobbcrcmt ehgfj tnam otsgroiomah
Ot os mgt mcfcssary tnat bumfec tnc sa`c bumftogm as tnc gmc wncrc tnc vahuc was groiomahhyfrcatck Ot `ay ec a mcstck bumftogm( rcbcrromi tg a hgfah varoaehc om ots parcmt bumftogm
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWvahucWsctWvghatohc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
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Vct a bhai gm a vahuc tg omkofatc tnat ot os vghatohc [nc fgmtcmts gb tnc vahuc `ust ahways ecrchgakck brg `c`gry( mcvcr brg` a fafnck rciostcr fgpy
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWvghatohc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os vghatohc
Bumftogm4 vgok dotWvahucWsctWakkrcssaehc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Vct a bhai gm a vahuc tg omkofatc tnat ot os akkrcssaehc [nos snguhk ec usck wncm ygu wamt tg tajc
tnc akkrcss gb a vahuc .ci "varoaehc om F/ [nc vahuc os iuaramtcck tg mgt ec stgrck om a
rciostcr afrgss a bumftogm fahh Ob ygu rcbcr tg a vahuc brg` a mcstck bumftogm .dotWvahucWrcb /(tncm tnc vahuc wohh ec autg`atofahhy `arjck as akkrcssaehc
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWakkrcssaehc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc ob a vahuc os akkrcssaehc
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWvahucWictWtypc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc typc tnat os assgfoatck wotn a vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWvahucWictWbumftogm .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc bumftogm wnofn gwms a partofuharvahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWehgfjWt dotWvahucWictWehgfj.dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc ehgfj wnofn gwms a partofuharvahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWfgmtcxtWt dotWvahucWictWfgmtcxt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmtcxt wnofn gwms a partofuharvahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWfgmstamtWt dotWvahucWictWfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc [nc rcturmck strufturc)s typc bochk wohh
ec dotWtypcWvgok obvahuc os mgt a fgmstamt
Bumftogm4 dotWmomt dotWvahucWictWmomtWfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc( assu`omi tnat ots typc os fg`patoehc
wotn dotWtypcWmomt
Bumftogm4 dotWmomt dotWvahucWictWhgmiWfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc( assu`omi tnat ots typc os fg`patoehc
wotn dotWtypcWhgmi
Bumftogm4 dotWbhgat65 dotWvahucWictWbhgat65Wfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
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Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc( assu`omi tnat ots typc os fg`patoehc
wotn dotWtypcWbhgat65
Bumftogm4 dotWbhgat2; dotWvahucWictWbhgat2;Wfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc( assu`omi tnat ots typc os fg`patoehc
wotn dotWtypcWbhgat2;
Bumftogm4 dotWmbhgat dotWvahucWictWmbhgatWfgmstamt .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Ict tnc fgmstamt vahuc wotnom a partofuharvahuc( assu`omi tnat ots typc os fg`patoehc
wotn dotWtypcWmbhgat
Bumftogm4 omt dotWvahucWosWtruc .dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Kctcr`omc obvahuc os fgmstamt amk mgm-zcrg
Bumftogm4 omt dotWfgmstamtWfgmvcrt .dotWfgmstamtWt $rcsuht( fgmst dotWfgmstamtWt $vahuc(
dotWtypcWt typc( omt gvcrbhgwWfncfj/
Fgmvcrt a tnc fgmstamt vahuc omtg a mcw typc( amk rcturm ots vahuc om rcsuht Ucturms zcrg ob tncfgmvcrsogm os mgt pgssoehc( usuahhy kuc tg gvcrbhgw
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> Ygrjomi wotn omstruftogms om tnc DO[
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWictWgpfgkc .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc gpfgkc tnat os assgfoatck wotn am omstruftogm
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWictWkcst .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc kcstomatogm vahuc tnat os assgfoatck wotn am omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogmkgcs mgt navc a kcstomatogm
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWictWvahuc1 .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc borst ariu`cmt vahuc tnat os assgfoatck wotn am omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogmkgcs mgt navc a borst ariu`cmt vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWictWvahuc5 .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc scfgmk ariu`cmt vahuc tnat os assgfoatck wotn am omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tncomstruftogm kgcs mgt navc a scfgmk ariu`cmt vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWhaechWt dotWomsmWictWhaech .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc haech bgr a eramfn tarict brg` am omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogm kgcs mgtnavc a eramfn tarict
Bumftogm4 dotWbumftogmWt dotWomsmWictWbumftogm .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc bumftogm bgr a fahh omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogm kgcs mgt rcbcr tg a fahhckbumftogm
Bumftogm4 vgok $ dotWomsmWictWmatovc .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc bumftogm pgomtcr bgr a matovc fahh omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogm kgcs mgt rcbcrtg a matovc bumftogm fahh
Bumftogm4 fgmst fnar $ dotWomsmWictWma`c .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc koaimgstof ma`c bgr a bumftogm fahh Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogm kgcs mgt navc akoaimgstof ma`c
Bumftogm4 dotWtypcWt dotWomsmWictWsoimaturc .dotWomsmWt omsm/
Ict tnc soimaturc bgr a bumftogm fahh omstruftogm Ucturms MSHH ob tnc omstruftogm os mgt a bumftogmfahh
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWkcstWosWvahuc .dotWomsmWt omsm/
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Ucturms a mgm-zcrg vahuc ob tnc kcstomatogm bgr omsm os aftuahhy a sgurfc vahuc [nos fam nappcm
wotn omstruftogms sufn as dotWomsmWstgrcWrchatovc wncrc tnc omstruftogm mccks tnrcc
sgurfc gpcramks( amk tnc rcah kcstomatogm os a sokc-cbbcft gm gmc gb tnc sgurfcs
Bumftogm4 vg ok dotWomsmWhaech .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWhaechWt $haech/
Vtart a mcw ehgfj wotnom tnc bumftogm bumfamk iovc ot tnc spcfobock haech Ucturms zcrg ob gut gb`c`gry
Ob tnc fgmtcmts gbhaecharc dotWhaechWumkcbomck( tncm tnos bumftogm wohh ahhgfatc a mcw haechbgr tnos ehgfj Gtncrwosc ot wohh rcusc tnc spcfobock haech brg` a prcvogus eramfn omstruftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWmcwWehgfj.dotWbumftogmWt bumf/
Vtart a mcw easof ehgfj( wotngut iovomi ot am cxphofot haech
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhgak .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Hgak tnc fgmtcmts gbvahuc omtg a mcw tc`pgrary( csscmtoahhy kuphofatomi tnc vahuc Fgmstamts arcmgt kuphofatck
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWkup .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
[nos os tnc sa`c as dotWomsmWhgak( eut tnc ma`c `ay ecttcr rcbhcft ngw ot os usck om sg`c
brgmt cmks
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhgakWs`ahh .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Obvahuc os gb typc seytc( eytc( sngrt( usngrt( a strufturc( gr a umogm( tncm `ajc a fgpy gb otamk rcturm tnc tc`pgrary fgpy Gtncrwosc rcturm vahuc as-os
[nos os uscbuh wncrc ygu wamt tg usc vahuc korcfthy wotngut kuphofatomi ot borst Ngwcvcr( fcrtaomtypcs usuahhy fammgt ec gpcratck gm korcfthy wotngut borst fgpyomi tnc` chscwncrc [nos bumftogmwohh kg tnat wncmcvcr mcfcssary
Bumftogm4 vg ok dotWomsmWstgrc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt kcst( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Vtgrc tnc fgmtcmts gbvahuc at tnc hgfatogm rcbcrrck tg ey kcst [nc kcstsnguhk ec
a dotWvahucWt rcprcscmtomi a hgfah varoaehc gr tc`pgrary
Ssc dotWomsmWstgrcWrchatovc tg stgrc tg a hgfatogm rcbcrrck tg ey a pgomtcr
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhgakWrchatovc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc(
dotWmomt gbbsct( dotWtypcWt typc/
Hgak a vahuc gb tnc spcfobock typc brg` tnc cbbcftovc akkrcss .vahuc * gbbsct/(
wncrc vahuc os a pgomtcr
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWstgrcWrchatovc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt kcst( dotWmomt gbbsct(
dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Vtgrc vahuc at tnc cbbcftovc akkrcss .kcst * gbbsct/( wncrc kcst os a pgomtcr
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Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWakkWrchatovc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc(
dotWmomt gbbsct/
Akk tnc fgmstamt gbbsct tg tnc spcfobock pgomtcrvahuc [nos os bumftogmahhy okcmtofah tg
fahhomi dotWomsmWakk( eut tnc DO[ fam gpto`ozc tnc fgkc ecttcr ob ot jmgws tnat tnc akkotogm os
ecomi usck tg pcrbgr` a rchatovc akdust`cmt gm a pgomtcr Om partofuhar( `uhtophc rchatovc
akdust`cmts gm tnc sa`c pgomtcr fam ec fghhapsck omtg a somihc akdust`cmt
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhgakWchc` .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt eascWakkr(
dotWvahucWt omkcx( dotWtypcWt chc`Wtypc/
Hgak am chc`cmt gb typc chc`Wtypc brg` pgsotogm omkcxwotnom tnc array startomi at eascWakkr
[nc cbbcftovc akkrcss gb tnc array chc`cmt os eascWakkr * omkcx $ sozcgb.chc`Wtypc/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhgakWchc`Wakkrcss .dotWbumftogmWt bumf(
dotWvahucWt eascWakkr( dotWva hucWt omkcx( dotWtypcWt c hc`Wtypc/
Hgak tnc cbbcftovc akkrcss gb am chc`cmt gb typc chc`Wtypc at pgsotogm omkcxwotnom tnc array
startomi at eascWakkr Csscmtoahhy( tnos fg`putcs tnc cxprcssogm eascWakkr * omkcx $sozcgb.chc`Wtypc/( eut `ay ec `grc cbbofocmt tnam pcrbgr`omi tnc stcps
wotn dotWomsmW`uh amk dotWomsmWakk
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWstgrcWchc` .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt eascWakkr(
dotWvahucWt omkcx( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Vtgrc vahuc at pgsotogm omkcxgb tnc array startomi at eascWakkr [nc cbbcftovc akkrcss gb tnc
stgraic hgfatogm os eascWakkr * omkcx $ sozcgb.dotWvahucWictWtypc.vahuc//
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWfncfjWmuhh .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc/
Fncfj vahuc tg scc ob ot os MSHH Ob ot os( tncm tnrgw tnc euoht-om DO[WUCVSH[WMSHHWUCBCUCMFC cxfcptogm
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWakk .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Akk twg vahucs tgictncr amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWakkWgvb.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Akk twg vahucs tgictncr amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgw am cxfcptogm ob
gvcrbhgw gffurs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWsue .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Vuetraft twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWsueWgvb.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
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Vuetraft twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgw am cxfcptogm obgvcrbhgw gffurs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmW`uh .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
@uhtophy twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmW`uhWgvb.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
@uhtophy twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgw am cxfcptogm ob gvcrbhgwgffurs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWkov .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Kovokc twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc qugtocmt om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgws am cxfcptogm gm
kovosogm ey zcrg gr arotn`ctof crrgr .am arotn`ctof crrgr os gmc wncrc tnc `omo`u` pgssoehc soimckomtcicr vahuc os kovokck ey -1/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWrc` .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Kovokc twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rc`aomkcr om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgws am cxfcptogm gm
kovosogm ey zcrg gr arotn`ctof crrgr .am arotn`ctof crrgr os gmc wncrc tnc `omo`u` pgssoehc soimckomtcicr vahuc os kovokck ey -1/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWrc`Woccc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Kovokc twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rc`aomkcr om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nrgws am cxfcptogm gm
kovosogm ey zcrg gr arotn`ctof crrgr .am arotn`ctof crrgr os gmc wncrc tnc `omo`u` pgssoehc soimckomtcicr vahuc os kovokck ey -1/ [nos bumftogm os okcmtofah tg dotWomsmWrc`( cxfcpt tnat ot uscsOCCC ruhcs bgr fg`putomi tnc rc`aomkcr gb bhgatomi-pgomt vahucs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWmci .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1/
Mciatc a vahuc amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWamk .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Eotwosc AMK twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWgr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Eotwosc GU twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWxgr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
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Eotwosc ^GU twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWmgt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1/
Eotwosc MG[ a vahuc amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWsnh .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
\crbgr` a eotwosc hcbt snobt gm twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWsnr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
\crbgr` a eotwosc roint snobt gm twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nospcrbgr`s a s oimck snobt gm soimck gpcratgrs( amk am umsoimck snobt gm umsoimck gpcramks
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWusnr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
\crbgr` a eotwosc roint snobt gm twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nospcrbgr`s am umsoimck snobt gm egtn soimck amk umsoimck gpcramks
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWssnr .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
\crbgr` a eotwosc roint snobt gm twg vahucs amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc [nospcrbgr`s am soimck snobt gm egtn soimck amk umsoimck gpcramks
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWcq .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr cquahoty amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWmc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr omcquahoty amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWht .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr hcss tnam amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWhc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr hcss tnam gr cquah amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWit .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr ircatcr tnam amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWic .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1( dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
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Fg`parc twg vahucs bgr ircatcr tnam gr cquah amk rcturm tnc rcsuht om a mcw tc`pgrary vahuc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWf`ph .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Fg`parc twg vahucs( amk rcturm a -1(
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Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWaes .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmW`om .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmW`ax .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1(
dotWvahucWt vahuc5/
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWsoim .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1/
Fahfuhatc tnc aesghutc vahuc( `omo`u`( `axo`u`( gr soim gb tnc spcfobock vahucs
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWeramfn .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWhaechWt $haech/
[cr omatc tnc furrcmt ehgfj ey eramfnomi umfgmkotogmahhy tg a spcfobof haech Ucturms zcrg o b gut gb`c`gry
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWeramfnWob.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( dotWhaechWt $haech/
[cr`omatc tnc furrcmt ehgfj ey eramfnomi tg a spcfobof haech ob tnc spcfobock vahuc os mgm -zcrgUcturms zcrg ob gut gb `c`gry
Obvahuc rcbcrs tg a fgmkotogmah cxprcssogm tnat was frcatck ey dotWomsmWcq( dotWomsmWmc(
ctf( tncm tnc fgmkotogmah cxprcssogm wohh ec rcphafck ey am apprgproatc fgmkotogmah eramfnomstruftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWeramfnWobWmgt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( dotWhaechWt
$haech/
[cr omatc tnc furrcmt ehgfj ey eramfnomi tg a spcfobof haech ob tnc spcfobock vahuc os zcrg Ucturmszcrg ob gut gb `c`gry
Obvahuc rcbcrs tg a fgmkotogmah cxprcssogm tnat was frcatck ey dotWomsmWcq( dotWomsmWmc(
ctf( tncm tnc fgmkotogmah cxprcssogm wohh ec rcphafck ey am apprgproatc fgmkotogmah eramfnomstruftogm
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWdu`pWtaehc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( dotWhaechWt $haechs(
umsoimck omt mu`Whaechs/
Eramfn tg a haech brg` tnc haechs taehc [nc vahuc os tnc omkcx gb tnc haech Ot os ahhgwck tg navc
okcmtofah haechs om tnc taehc Ob am cmtry om tnc taehc nas dotWhaechWumkcbomck vahuc tncm ot os
rcphafck wotn a mcwhy ahhgfatck haech
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWakkrcssWgb.dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc1/
Ict tnc akkrcss gb a vahuc omtg a mcw tc`pgrary
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWakkrcssWgbWhaech .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWhaechWt $haech/
Ict tnc akkrcss gbhaech omtg a mcw tc`pgrary [nos os typofahhy usck bgr cxfcptogm namkhomi( tgtrafj wncrc om a bumftogm am cxfcptogm was aftuahhy tnrgwm
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfgmvcrt .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( dotWtypcWt typc(
omt gvcrbhgwWfncfj/
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Fgmvcrt tnc fgmtcmts gb a vahuc omtg a mcw typc( wotn gptogmah gvcrbhgw fncfjomi
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfahh .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( fgmst fnar $ma`c(
dotWbumftogmWt dotWbumf( dotWtypcWt soimaturc( dotWvahucWt $aris( umsoimck omt mu`Waris(
omt bhais/
Fahh tnc bumftogm dotWbumf( wnofn `ay gr `ay mgt ec tramshatck yct [nc ma`c os bgr koaimgstofpurpgscs gmhy( amk fam ec MSHH
Obsoimaturc os MSHH( tncm tnc aftuah soimaturc gbdotWbumf os usck om ots phafc [nos os tnc usuah
fasc Ngwcvcr( ob tnc bumftogm tajcs a varoaehc mu`ecr gb ariu`cmts( tncm ygu `ay mcck tgfgmstruft am cxphofot soimaturc bgr tnc mgm-boxck ariu`cmt vahucs
[nc bhais para`ctcr spcfobocs akkotogmah ombgr`atogm aegut tnc typc gb fahh tg pcrbgr`4
DO[WFAHHWMG[NUGY
[nc bumftogm mcvcr tnrgws cxfcptogms
DO[WFAHHWMGUC[SUM
[nc bumftogm wohh mcvcr rcturm korcfthy tg ots fahhcr Ot `ay ngwcvcr rcturm tg tnc fahhcr omkorcfthy eytnrgwomi am cxfcptogm tnat tnc fahhcr fatfncs
DO[WFAHHW[AOH
Apphy taoh fahh gpto`ozatogms( as tnc rcsuht gb tnos bumftogm fahh wohh ec o``ckoatchy rcturmck brg` tnc
fgmtaomomi bumftogm [aoh fahhs arc gmhy apprgproatc wncm tnc soimaturc gb tnc fahhck bumftogm`atfncs tnc fahhcc( amk mgmc gb tnc para`ctcrs pgomt tg hgfah varoaehcs
ObdotWbumfnas ahrcaky eccm fg`pohck( tncm dotWomsmWfahh `ay ec aehc tg omtuot sg`c gb tnc
aegvc bhais bgr otschb Gtncrwosc ot os up tg tnc fahhcr tg kctcr`omc wncm tnc bhais `ay ecapprgproatc
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfahhWomkorcft .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc(
dotWtypcWt soimaturc( dotWvahucWt $aris( umsoimck omt mu`Waris( omt bhais/
Fahh a bumftogm voa am omkorcft pgomtcr
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfahhWomkorcftWvtaehc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc(
dotWtypcWt soimaturc( dotWvahucWt $aris( umsoimck omt mu`Waris( omt bhais/
Fahh a bumftogm voa am omkorcft pgomtcr [nos vcrsogm kobbcrs brg` dotWomsmWfahhWomkorcft om
tnat wc assu`c tnat vahuc fgmtaoms a pgomtcr tnat rcsuhtck brg`
fahhomi dotWbumftogmWtgWvtaehcWpgomtcr Omkorcft vtaehc pgomtcr fahhs `ay ec `grccbbofocmt gm sg`c phat bgr`s tnam rciuhar omkorcft fahhs
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfahhWmatovc .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( fgmst fnar $ma c( vgok
$mat ovcWbumf( dotWtypcWt soimaturc( dotWvahucWt $aris( umsoimck omt mu`Waris(
omt cxfcptogmWrcturm( omt bhais/
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Gutput am omstruftogm tnat fahhs am cxtcrmah matovc bumftogm [nc ma`c os bgr koaimgstof purpgscsgmhy( amk fam ec MSHH
Bumftogm4 dotWvahucWt dotWomsmWfahhWomtromsof .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( fgmst fnar $ma`c( vgok
$omtromsofWbumf( fgmst dotWomtromsofWkcsfrWt $kcsfr optgr( dotWvahucWt ari1( dotWvahucWt ari5/
Gutput am omstruftogm tnat fahhs am omtromsof bumftogm [nc kcsfroptgr fgmtaoms tnc bghhgwomi bochks4
rcturmWtypc
[nc typc gb vahuc tnat os rcturmck brg` tnc omtromsof
ptrWrcsuhtWtypc
[nos snguhk ec MSHH bgr am grkomary omtromsof( gr tnc rcsuht typc ob tnc omtromsof rcpgrts cxfcptogms
ari1Wtypc
[nc typc gb tnc borst ariu`cmt
ari5Wtypc
[nc typc gb tnc scfgmk ariu`cmt( gr MSHH bgr a umary omtromsof
Ob ahh gb tnc ariu`cmts arc fgmstamt( tncm dotWomsmWfahhWomtromsof wohh fahh tnc omtromsof
korcfthy tg fahfuhatc tnc fgmstamt rcsuht Ob tnc fgmstamt fg`putatogm wohh rcsuht om am cxfcptogm(tncm fgkc os gutput tg fausc tnc cxfcptogm at rumto`c
[nc ma`c os bgr koaimgstof purpgscs gmhy( amk fam ec MSHH
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWomfg`omiWrci .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( omt rci/
Gutput am omstruftogm tnat mgtcs tnat tnc fgmtcmts gbvahuc fam ec bgumk om tnc rciostcrrciat tnospgomt om tnc fgkc
_gu mgr`ahhy wguhkm)t fahh tnos ygurschb - ot os usck omtcrmahhy ey tnc F\S eafj cmks tg sct up tncbumftogm)s cmtry bra`c amk tnc vahucs gb rciostcrs gm rcturm brg` a suergutomc fahh
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWomfg`omiWbra`cWpgsm .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc(
dotWmomt bra cWgbbsct/
Gutput am omstruftogm tnat mgtcs tnat tnc fgmtcmts gb vahuc fam ec bgumk om tnc stafj bra`c
at bra`cWgbbsctat tnos pgomt om tnc fgkc
_gu mgr`ahhy wguhkm)t fahh tnos ygurschb - ot os usck omtcrmahhy ey tnc F\S eafj cmks tg sct up tncbumftogm)s cmtry bra`c
Bumftogm4 omt dotWomsmWgutigomiWrci .dotWbumftogmWt bumf( dotWvahucWt vahuc( omt rci/
Gutput am omstruftogm tnat fgpocs tnc fgmtcmts gb vahuc omtg tnc rciostcrrciat tnos pgomt om tncfgkc [nos os typofahhy usck dust ecbgrc `ajomi am gutigomi suergutomc fahh
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_gu mgr`ahhy wguhkm)t fahh tnos ygurschb - ot os usck omtcrmahhy ey tnc F\S eafj cmks tg sct up tncrciostcrs bgr a su