PHOTO II Benchmark

1. Aesthetic Branches

List the 3 main branches of Aesthetics & describe:

Realism Imitationalism Heroism Creationalism Emotionalism Expressionism Formalism

2. Criticism

Please list and describe the 4 steps of criticism:

Research Hypothesis Describe Calculate Analyze Opinion Interpretation Function Judgement

3. Elements of Art

List as many elements of art as you can:

4. Line

List the 6 line types and describe how they affect the viewer

5. Shape/form

List the 2 shape/form types and define

6. Space

List the 2 types and define

7. Value

True or False: the 4 techniques used most often to create value are Blended, stippling, hatching and cross hatching

8. Color

List the three primary colors: List the three secondary colors and the 2

primary colors used to create them What are intermediate or tertiary colors

and where are they located on the color wheel?

True or False: Colors have temperature True or False: Colors can have symbolic

meaning True or False: Colors can affect your

psyche

9. Color schemes: if it is false, tell me why

True or false:Analagous colors are one hue and it’s corresponding tints and shades

True or False: monochromatic colors are one hue and it’s corresponding tints and shades

Complementary colors are opposite on color wheel Complementary colors are made from a pairing of

a secondary color and the only primary color not used to make that secondary color

Split complementary colors are opposite each other on color wheel

Neutral colors are bright and hot in temperature

10. Principles of design

List all the principles of design

11. Rhythm

Rhythm includes what 5 types and describe:

Startled Regular Boring Exciting Random Stippled Alternating Solid Flowing Stymied Progressive

12. Balance: if false tell me why

True or False: Symmetrical balance is the same subjects on both sides

True or False: Radial balance “radiates out” from a central point

True or False: Asymmetrical balance means it is balanced on top

13. Emphasis

List at least 4 techniques for creating an area of visual dominance:

14. Harmony/Unity

List 4 techniques for unifying an artwork

15. Proportion: if false explain why

True or False: Regular proportion is the normal expected measurement ratios between parts

True or False: Distorted proportion means it is larger than it should be

True or False: Exaggerated proportion is one measurement ratio is either smaller or larger than expected

16. camera obscura

Please describe a camera obscura:

True or False: Camera obscura phenomena observed as early 10th century

Early Renaissance artists used the contraption for what purposes?

17. Evolution of camera obscura

What 3 features were added to camera obscura which led to development of camera?

18. Development of camera

In 1725, Johann Heinrich Schulze made what important discovery that led to 75 years of research into the possibilities of this material being used as a way to “capture” nature

19. Next step in evolution

True or False: Photographers/inventors such as Thomas Wedgewood and Humphrey Davy were soon able to capture imagery using silver salts, but the imagery would not last because there was no way to “fix” image so that it did not continue to darken when exposed to light.

20.

Joseph Nicephore Niepce: View from the Window at Le Gras (1826) is credited as what?

The process called for creating an image on pewter, acid etching the image into the metal and then doing what to obtain a positive image that would last?

21. Quest for permanent image

What inventor is credited with creating one of a kind permanent images right onto the exposed metal plates?

-Joseph Nicephore Niepce -Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre -Ansel Adams -Humphrey Davy

22. Not quite there

William Henry Fox Talbot took us one step closer to creating permanent images by doing away with the metal and publishing his invention, the ……which utilized paper negatives contact printed with paper.

Daguerreotype Talbotype Calotype Foxtrot

23. Success?

True or False: Talbot’s inventive process lacked the detail of daguerreotypes

24. A true Fix!

Which inventor created a true fixer for photographic imagery and actually coined the terms photography, positive, and negative?

Joseph Nicephore Niepce William Henry Fox Talbot John Hershel Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

25. It’s all in the details

The paper negatives lacked the detail of daguerreotypes, so inventors continued their search and the Collodion Wet Process was born. The process used silver halide spread across glass plates that used what to distribute the silver halide? Hint: natural food

What were the drawbacks of the process?

26. let’s make it easy

Richard Maddox discovered this substance, 1871,

that would revolutionize the industry…it allowed for development at a later time:

Gelatin Plastic Neoprene spandex

28. Who invented modern film?

This inventor created a flexible base that created modern film and a company that exists to this day! Their slogan was “You Push the Button, We do the Rest” because they had the public shoot the imagery and then send the cameras back for development.

Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre George Eastman Richard Maddox