Post on 03-Feb-2022
CMPDI/FINAL-EIA/MCL/2019-20/Sept-19/79/01
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTENSION OCP
(CAPACITY 8.75 MTY)
BASUNDHARA AREA IB VALLEY COALFIELD
MAHANADI COALFIELDS LIMITED
SEPTEMBER 2019
Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (A Subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.)
Regional Institute-VII, Samantpuri, P.O: RRL, Bhubaneswar-751013 (Odisha)
Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 valid till 01.10.2020
CMPDI
Job No.706135
LIST OF CONTENTS
Sl.#
Chapters Particulars Page No.
1. 2.
TOR and its Compliance of Basundhara OCP (8.75 Mty)…............... Proforma…………………………………………………………………...
1 1
-- --
17 39
3. Chapter-I Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Report…………………………….. 1 -- 3
1.2 General Information …….………………………… 3 -- 4
1.3 Scope of Study…………….………………………. 4 -- 5
1.4 Sources & Types of Data…………………………. 5 -- 5
4. Chapter-II Project Description
2.1 Study Area Profile………………….……………… 1 -- 3
2.2 Project Profile………………………..…………….. 3 -- 6
2.3 Mine Target, Life and Reserve…………………… 7 -- 7
2.4 Mine Details…..……………………………………. 7 -- 9
2.5 Type and Method of Mining Operation………….. 9 -- 9
2.6 Grade of Coal………………………………………. 9 -- 9
2.7 Other Parameters of Project……..………………. 9 -- 11
2.8 Proposed Production Schedule, Ob Removal & Dumping Programme………………………………
11
--
12
2.9 Land Management………………………………… 12 -- 13
2.10 Required of HEMM………………………………… 14 -- 14
2.11 Vehicular Traffic Density…………………………. 15 -- 15
2.12 Mineral(s) Transportation outside the ML area… 15 -- 15
2.13 Construction of Rail Infrastructure……………….. 15 -- 15
2.14 Litigation / Pending Cases……………………….. 15 -- 15
2.15 Occupational Health Issue……………………….. 15 -- 15
2.16 Diversion of Road & Drainage …..………………. 16 -- 16
2.17 Rehabilitation & Resettlement……………………. 16 -- 16
2.18 Use of Natural Resources………………………… 16 -- 16
2.19 Safety Management & Conservation……………. 17 -- 17
2.20 Economic Parameters…………………………….. 17 -- 18
CMPDI
Job No.706135
Sl.#
Chapters Particulars Page No.
5.
Chapter-III
Description of the Environment
3.1 Present Environmental Scenario………………… 1 -- 1
3.2 Ambient Air Quality………………….…………….. 1 -- 18
3.3 Water Quality………………………….…………… 18 -- 25
3.4 Hydrology & Hydrogeology……….….…………… 26 -- 39
3.5 Noise Level Measurement……………………….. 40 -- 41
3.6 Land Use/Cover Pattern……………….…………. 42 -- 42
3.7 Socio-economic Scenario………………………… 43 -- 59
3.8 Soil Quality Study…….……………………………. 60 -- 63
3.9 Information on Bio-diversity…………….………… 64 -- 87
3.10 Places of Religious, Historical & Archaeological Importance………………………………………….
87
--
87
6. Chapter-IV Anticipated Env. Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.1 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Air Quality …………..……………………………...
1
--
5
4.2 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Hydrology & Hydrogeology……………….……….
5
--
20
4.3 Noise Quality…….………………………….……… 21 -- 23
4.4 Risk and Hazards………………………………….. 23 -- 24
4.5 Impact on Socio-economic Profile………….……. 24 -- 28
4.6 Impact on Bio-diversity………………….………… 28 -- 32
4.7 Impact on Land Use and Land Scape…………… 32 -- 34
4.8 Impact on Traffic Movement and control measures …………………………….…………….
34
--
35
4.9 4.10
Impact on Public Health…………………………… Environment Impact Assessment………………...
35
35
-- --
35 38
CMPDI
Job No.706135
Sl.#
Chapters Particulars Page No.
7.
Chapter-V
Analysis of Alternative Technology
5.1 Introduction………………………….……………… 1 -- 1
5.2 Mining Technology for Env. Management….…… 1 -- 3
5.3 Basic Mine Parameters…………………………… 3 -- 3
5.4 Mining Strategy…………………………………….. 4 -- 4
8. Chapter-VI Environmental Management System and Monitoring Organization
6.1 Environmental Management System……………. 1 -- 3
6.2 Monitoring Organization…………………………... 3 -- 7
6.3 Monitoring & Control………………………………. 7 -- 8
9. Chapter-VII Additional Studies
7.1 Disaster Management (Risk Assessment & Management) …………………….….……………..
1
--
11
7.2 Social Impact & RR Action Plan………………….. 11 -- 11
7.3 Corporate Social Responsibility………………….. 11 -- 13
7.4 Habitat Management / Wildlife Conservation Cost………………………………………………….
13
--
14
7.5 Public Consultation / Hearing……………………. 14 -- 14
7.6 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 14 -- 15
7.7 Slope Stability……………………………………… 15 -- 21
10. Chapter-VIII Project Benefits
8.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1
8.2 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure & Community Development………………………….
1
--
2
8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure……………. 3 -- 3
8.4 Employment Potential……………………………... 3 -- 4
8.5 Other Tangible Benefits…………………………… 4 -- 4
CMPDI
Job No.706135
Sl.#
Chapters Particulars Page No.
11.
Chapter-IX
Environmental Economics
9.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1
9.2 Expenditure to be incurred towards CSR……….. 1 -- 1
9.3 Compensatory Afforestation Cost & Wild Life Management………………………………………..
1 -- 2
9.4 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 2 -- 2
9.5
9.6
Biological Reclamation Cost………………………
Corporate Environment Responsibility
2
2
--
--
2
2
9.7
Mine Closure Cost…………………………………. 2 -- 4
9.8 Revenue Cost for EIA/EMP………………………. 4 -- 4
12.
Chapter-X
Environmental Management Plan
10.1 Mine Closure Plan…………………..…………….. 1 -- 29
10.2 Post-operational stage land use plan landscape. 29 -- 30
10.3 Control Measures for Traffic Movement………… 30 -- 30
13. Chapter-XI Summary & Conclusion
11.1 Project Description………………………………… 1 -- 5
11.2 Description of Environment………….……………. 5 -- 6
11.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures………………………………..
6
--
11
11.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme…..……… 11 -- 11
11.5 Project Benefit……………………………………... 11 -- 12
11.6 Environmental Management Plan……………….. 12 -- 12
11.7 Conclusion………………………………………….. 12 -- 12
14. Chapter-XII Disclosure of the Consultant Engaged
12.1 Name of Consultant………………………………. 1 -- 2
12.2 Brief Resume of the Consultants………………... 2 -- 2
12.3 Environment Division……………………………… 3 -- 3
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Job No.706135
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Sl. No.
Particulars Annexure No.
1. Copy of Mining Plan & Mine Closure Plan Approval Letter I
2. Copy of Forest Application Letter II
3. Copy of Public Hearing proceeding III
4. Copy of agreement of Power Supply IV
5. Copy of Central Ground Water Authority Application Letter V
LIST OF PLATES
Sl No. Particulars Plate
1. Location Plan I A & I B
2. Surface Master Plan II
3. Study area showing 10 Km Buffer zone III
4. Infrastructure plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone IV
5. Drainage Map showing the 10 Km Buffer zone V
6. Geological Plan VI
7. Geological Cross-section along DD’, and EE’. VIA
8. Contour plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone VII
9. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 3rd year VIII
10. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 5th year VIII A
11. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 10th year VIII B
12. Final Stage Dump Plan IX
13. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Stage Dump Plan IX A
14. Land Use Map X
15. Location of Air Sampling Locations XI
16. Location of Water Sampling Locations XII
17. Location of Noise Sampling Locations XIII
18. Location of Soil Sampling Locations XIV
19. Longitudinal & Traverse Cross- Section of mine XV
20. Final Mine Closure Plan XVI
21. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Mine Closure Plan XVI A
CMPDI
Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 1
Chapter – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated
within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. The
Chaturdhara block is located in north-western central part of Ib River coalfield of
Odisha, known as Gopalpur sector. This coalfield is the southern middle part of lower
Gondwana basin of Sone- Mahanadi Valley and occupies an area of about 1460
sq.km with potential coal bearing area of around 1050 sq.km. The Ib River coalfield
lies in between latitude 21o31’ to 22o14’ North and longitude 83o32’ to 84o10’ East
and falls mainly in Sundergarh, Jharsuguda and Sambalpur districts of Odisha. Coal
reserves of this coalfield are about 24.83 billion tonnes (as on 1.4.2015) of which
about 15.10 billion tonnes lie within a depth range of 300m.
Coal demand from Ib-valley coalfield has increased many fold due to its
strategic location with Howrah-Mumbai railway main line passing through the
coalfield. Coal of this coalfield is suitable for thermal power plants.
Many pit head power plants and other coal based plants have come up due to easy
availability of coal and water. The southern, western & central India power stations
have to depend on Ib valley coalfield for their growth. As Howrah-Mumbai rail line
passes through this coalfield, coal can be evacuated from this coalfield to western
India power houses via rail route. Coal to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board is also
supplied via rail-cum-sea route through Vishakhapatnam and Haldia ports. Coal can
easily move from this coalfield to Eastern India and Northern India as well. Necessary
infrastructures like rail and port facilities are being developed/ augmented in the
region.
The proximity of Ib-valley coalfield to Hirakud reservoir has generated a lot of
opportunities for setting-up super thermal power stations in the vicinity of the
coalfield.
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Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 2
Gopalpur sector of Ib-valley coalfield forms the north western part of Ib River
coalfield has a huge mining potential. Detailed exploration was undertaken by CMPDI
to assess the quarriable potentiality of coal seams with primary view of opening up of
new mining projects to the extent possible. This sector has high potential for
opencast mining operations. Rail link from Jharsuguda to sardega has been
completed w.e.f 6th April 2018 facilitating quick evacuation of coal.
The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated
within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. Basundhara
River separates Chaturdhara block from Basundhara block. Basundhara River is the
boundary of Siarmal-Basundhara block and Basundhara-Chaturdhara blocks. But
due to river Basundhara on western side, approach to Chaturdhara block has
become a major hurdle for its development. Initial overburden from proposed mine is
to be carried to void of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. Barrier coal between
Basundhara and Chaturdhara to be left due to non diversion of Basundhara river.
Diversion of Basundhara river is not possible due to its perennial water supply to that
area.
The proposed mine lies on the west of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project
on the western side of Basundhara River. Basundhara (West) OC Expn. project is an
ongoing project with remaining life of few months. Basundhara (West) Extension
OCP will replace production of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project in future. To its
west lies the private captive block Rampia, to its south Chaturdhara nala and
Banapatra block, to its north incrop (floor line) of Rampur-I seam and to its east
Basundhara river and Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project.
The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has
been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.
The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension
OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM
dated 22-03-2017.
CMPDI
Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 3
Form-I and Prefeasibility report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75
Mty) was discussed in 11th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 30-
31st May, 2017 and 24th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 11th Jan,
2018.
EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (TOR) for Basundhara (West)
Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb,
2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.
This EIA-EMP has been prepared by incorporating the compliance of the said
Terms of Reference (TOR).
1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.2.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROJECT
(a) Name & size of the project : Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty)
(i) Name of the project proponent
: Rajiv Kumar
Project Officer, Basundhara(W) and Basundhra(W)
Extn. OCP.
Mailing Address : Mahanadi Coalfields Limited,
P.O : Basundhara,
Dist. : Sundergarh, Pin-– 770076 (Odisha)
E-mail : gmenvt2018@gmail.com
Telephone : 0663-2542084 , 06621-286137
Fax No. : 0663-2542257 , 06621-286144
(b) Objective of the project : To bridge the over all deficit of coal availability over
demand of MCL.
(c) Nature of the project
(i) New mine : Yes
(ii) Expansion : No
CMPDI
Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 4
Increase in ML area
: No
Increase in annual production
: No
(iii) Renewal of ML : No.
(iv) Modernisation : No.
(d) Location / Site of the Project
:
(i) Name of the Villages : Gopalpur (Telendih), Ratansara
(ii) Tehsil : Himgir
(iii) District : Sundergarh
(iv) State : Odisha
(e) Main consumer : Power Houses and Basket Linkage
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
TOR has been obtained for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty)
vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb, 2018 issued by MoEF&CC,
New Delhi.
The scope of studies broadly covers the following:
(a) Study area and project profile
(b) Present / existing environmental scenario
(c) Anticipated Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures
(d) Analysis of alternative technology.
(e) Environmental Monitoring Programme.
(f) Additional studies
I. Risk Assessment and Management
II. Social Impact and R&R Action Plan
III. Greenbelt Development Plan
IV. Public Consultation
CMPDI
Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 5
(g) Project benefits
(h) Environmental cost benefit analysis
(i) Summary and conclusion
1.4 SOURCES AND TYPE OF DATA
This report has been formulated using the various data from the following
sources:
Sl. Type of Data Source
1 Mining and economic parameters
Mining Plan for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) December 2016.
2 Base line air , water & effluent quality and noise level data
Baseline data had been generated by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726.
3 Socio-economic details of core and buffer zones
Primary and secondary survey (Census of India 2011, (Odisha) and Collection of site specific data) by M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu).
4 Taxonomic enumeration of flora and fauna of core and buffer zones
Information from the study carried out for Siarmal OCP by M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu).
5 Surface hydrology and hydrogeology
Report on Hydrology of Ib Valley Coalfield, by CMPDI, RI-VII, Bhubaneswar and information from Central Ground Water Board, Bhubaneswar.
6 Climatic and micro-meteorological data
Long-term data obtained from IMD, Bhubaneswar for Jharsuguda IMD Observatory have been used and site specific micro-meteorological data by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726
7 Details of village-wise project affected persons and families
From Office of GM (Basundhara Garjanbahal) Area of MCL.
8 Land use/cover details of Talcher coalfield
Satellite Data based on IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi.
9 Baseline data on soil quality
By M/S Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 1
Chapter – 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 STUDY AREA PROFILE
2.1.1 LOCATION OF THE BLOCK (PLATE NO.IA & IB)
Coalfield Ib Valley coalfield
Area Basundhara
Tahsil Himgir
District Sundergarh
Latitudes 22o03'41.14" to 22o04'41.75" N
Longitudes 83o40'22.90" to 83o42'18.75" E
Toposheet No. 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)
2.1.2 COMMUNICATION (Plate III & IV)
Sl. Item Distance
1. Nearest revenue town & Dist. HQ
Sundergarh (46 km)
2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55
3. Connection to the company HQrs, Burla
150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur
4. Nearest railhead Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35 km.
5. Airport Jharsuguda Airport is at a distance of about 60 km.
2.1.3 TOPHOGRAPHY (PLATE-III)
The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy
field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Basundhara river,
flowing north-south to the east of the eastern boundary of the block seperates the
blocks from Basundhara block. Chaturdhara nala flowing west to east in the southern
boundary of the block separates the blocks from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 2
The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land
and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general
altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres.
2.1.4 BLOCK BOUNDARY
The block boundary of Basundhara (West) is given below:
North : Incrop (floor line) of Rampur I seam. West : Rampia block. East : Basundhara River and Basundhara West block. South : Chaturdara Nala and Banapatra block. 2.1.5 SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN AT MINE SITE (PLATE-V)
The ground slopes generally towards east and north-east and the drainage is
through small streams, which in turn feed to river Basundhara. Basundhara river is
flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river.
2.1.6 EMBANKMENT AND / OR WEIR CONSTRUCTION
No embankment/weir construction is proposed is proposed for this project.
2.1.7 DISTANCE FROM WATER BODIES
Table 2.1
S.No. Water body Approx. distance
1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E)
2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S)
3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W)
4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 km (NE)
5. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE)
6. Albahal Jhor 6.64 Km (SW)
2.1.8 LOCATION OF ML AREA IN SEISMIC ZONE
(a) Severity (Richter scale) : Zone-II
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 3
(b) Impact, i.e. damage to
Life : No
Property : No
Existing mine : No
2.2 PROJECT PROFILE 2.2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT
It is a new opencast project.
2.2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR OPENING OF THE PROJECT:
To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more
super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern
India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield.
Power Houses of Punjab State Electricity Board, Haryana State Electricity Board
have also been linked to MCL and will be supplied coal from this coalfield. The New
Power houses of TNEB, KPCL, WBPDCL, CESC and DVC are also linked to the
coalfield.
The consumers of MCL are linked to the company and not to any specific
coalfield. The actual supply from any coalfield of MCL will depend upon the
production and transport logistics. Under the above circumstances coalfield wise
demand has been assessed. The projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley
coalfield is given below.
Table 2.2 : Projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley coalfield (Fig. in Mt)
Sl. No Particulars 2021-22 2026-27
1 Total Demand on MCL 244.83 274.134
2 Projected coal demand on Ib-valley coalfield
97.93 120.56
3 Coal Availability 73.82 85.32
Gap (-)24.11 (-)35.24
From the above table, it can be seen that all the operative mines in the
coalfield along with the new projects will not be able to meet the future demand.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 4
Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks,
formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for rated
capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.
2.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF CORE ZONE
The total land required for mining operations in proposed project i.e. core zone
will be around 323.92 ha involving 227.62 ha of forest land. The core zone of the
project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, safety zone for blasting,
etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely,
Gopalpur(Telendih) and Ratansara.
2.2.4 DESCRIPTION OF BUFFER ZONE
The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of the project
boundary.
Basundhara (West) OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located in buffer
zone.
Basundhara river flows adjacent to mine and Telendra nala is 94 m away.
The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF,
Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF,
Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF.
Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary, biosphere, etc.
are not present within 10 km radius from the project.
2.2.5 GEOLOGY (PLATE NO. VI, VIA)
"Geological Report on Chaturdhara Block, Ib-River Coalfield," Odisha, was
prepared by CMPDI in March, 1991.
A total of 55 boreholes have been drilled within the area involving a total
meterage of 4196.45m. (Excluding 1 borehole no. HGR - 18 drilled by GSI involving
164.10m.) in an area of 3.57 sq.km. Coal bearing area is 3.57 sq.km out of which
major part is covered by forest. The borehole density/sq.km is about 15.4.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 5
The geological succession of Ib Valley and Stratigraphic succession of Chaturdhara Block is given below:
Geological Succession of Ib Valley
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Age Formation Lithology Thickness in metre
Recent Alluvium, Laterite, gravels and / sub-recent conglomerate. Upper Kamthi (Upper) Pebbly sandstone, ferrugenous Permian sandstone and red shales. Upto 100 ----------------------------------------------- Unconformity ---------------------------------------------- | Kamthi (Middle) Fine grained sandstone, silt- | or Raniganj stone, coal seams (thin). 60 - 80 Upper | Permian | | Kamthi (Lower) or Grey shales, carbonaceous | Barren Measures shales, sandstone, clay and | ironstone nodules. 300 | Barakar Grey sandstone, carbonaceous | shale, silt stone with thick Lower | coal seams and fire clay. 300-600 Permian | | Karharbari Black carbonaceous sandstone, | pebble bed, coal seams 90 - 125 Upper Talchir Diamictite, greenish Carboni- sandstone, olive and chocolate ferous shales, rhythmites. 60 - 150 ------------------------------------------------ Unconformity ---------------------------------------------- Pre- cambrian Metamorphics Granite, Gneisses, Schists, etc. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Stratigraphic Succession of Chaturdhara Block
Age Formation Lithology
Recent/ - Soil, alluvium.
Sub-recent
Barakar Fine to coarse grained sand- stone, micaceous at places,
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 6
carb shale, greyshale, fire clay, sandy shale, alternate Lower shale and sand stone with thick Permian coal seams.
Karharbari Carbonaceous medium grained sandstone with undecomposed feldspar pieces, coarse grained to pebbly and gritty sandstone with impersistent coal seam.
Upper Talchir Fine to medium grained greenish
Carbo- sandstone & green shale. niferous ------------------------------------ Unconformity ---------------------------------
----------- Pre-
Metam
orphics
Granite, mica schists and
cambrian gneisses.
Precambrians are exposed in north of the area and have been encountered in
5 boreholes. Talchirs are exposed as a very thin strip in north eastern part of the
block. It has been intersected in 17 boreholes. Conclusive exposures of Karharbari
formation have not been traced in the area. However, the formation has been
encountered in 7 boreholes. Barakars are well exposed over considerable part of the
block comprising both Rampur and Lajkura group of seams.
Structure
The behaviour of strata is smooth with minor undulations. The strike is roughly
E-W which gradually turns to ESE-WNW in the western part of the block. The dip is
southerly and varies from 6° to 8°. Extreme values of 4° and 11° have, however,
been recorded on the surface along southern bank of Chaturdhara nala in the
eastern and western part of the area respectively.
No positive evidence of any fault anywhere within the block has been observed
either during mapping or in the boreholes. However possibility of occurrence of minor
faults/slips of less than 5 metres throw, cannot be ruled out.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 7
2.3 MINE TARGET, LIFE AND RESERVE
Table 2.3
Particulars
Mine target (Mt) 8.75 Mty
Year of achieving peak targeted production Year - 3
Project life (Years) 12
Minable Reserve (Mt) 92.73
Overburden (M.cum.) 97.22
External OB dump There is no external OB dump
2.4 MINE DETAILS
Mine Boundary Considering the river on its east and nala on the south, mine boundaries
have been fixed and are given below.
North : Incrop of Rampur-I seam.
East : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 60m surface barrier against Basundhara River and straightening/ smoothening in the south east corner.
South : Surface boundary is fixed after leaving surface barrier of
60m against Chaturdhara nala.
West : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 7.5m gap from the western block boundary of Chaturdhara block.
Details of Sequence of Coal Seam and Parting
Ib seam is the bottom most seam and occurs in workable thickness range
over a small part only of the block area. It has attained workable thickness only in two
boreholes located in eastern part of the block.
Lajkura seam occurs at the top and is incroping on the dipside edge of the
block and has not been studied in detail because of its restricted occurrence within
60m barrier zone of the Chaturdhara nala. It incrops over a small zone of the quarry’s
southern boundary and thereby not considered.
Rampur seam underlying Lajkura seam and overlying Ib seam occurs in six
splits and is considered the only workable seams for the proposed project. The
seams in ascending order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB,
RAMPUR-IV and RAMPUR-V.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 8
All these seams are of considerable thickness. Gradewise, seamwise
reserves of all these have been estimated.
The seam thickness and parting are given below.
Thickness and Parting
Seams Thickness range (m)
RAMPUR-I 4 - 6
Parting 0.10 - 2.99
RAMPUR-II 2 - 4
Parting 0.1 - 3.0
RAMPUR-III 4 - 6
Parting 1.82 - 7.14
RAMPUR-IVB 1 - 2
Parting 3.44 - 15.95
RAMPUR-IV 11 - 15
Parting 0.43 - 7.60
RAMPUR-V 2 - 3
Top OB 5.80 - 70
An average coal grade G12 to G13 has been considered for the coal seams
in the proposed project.
Geo-mining characteristics of proposed mine is given below:
Table 2.4 : Geo Mining Characteristics
Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per PR (8.75 Mty)
1 Area
i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05
ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35
2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73
3 Overburden M cum 97.22
4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05
5 Annual production Mt 8.75
6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12
7 Strike length
i) Minimum m 951
ii) Maximum m 2757
8 Depth of quarry
i) Minimum m 3
ii) Maximum m 116
9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05
10 Gradient - 30 - 80
11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82
* This includes split sections.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 9
Table 2.4(a) : Coal Sample Analysis (value in PPM)
Hg As Se Pb Cr Co Cu Ne Zn Mg
Coal Sample ND 1.64 0.37 52.67 65.52 16.06 33.23 55.79 162.39 109.02
N.D : Not detected. Agency : Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad.
This is a new mine, coal sample analysis was done for Lajkura seam for
Lajkura OCP. The coal sample analysis for this mine will be done after opening of the
mine. Both seams (Lajkura and Rampur) are contemporary in occurrence.
2.5 TYPE AND METHOD OF MINING OPERATIONS
Type Method
Opencast
Mechanized
Coal Winning & transportation - Major coal production
(90 %) will be done by using 3800mm drum dia surface
miners, 5-7 cum front end loaders and 60t rear dumpers.
OB Removal & Transportation - 10 cum rope shovel with
100 T dumpers have been envisaged for removal of top
overburden and thick parting between Rampur & Lajkura
coal horizon .
Other thin partings within Lajkura and Rampur seams will
be removed by 5.5-6.5 cum hydraulic shovels/backhoe with
60T dumpers/ ripper-dozer.
2.6 GRADE OF COAL
The average grade of coal is G12.
2.7 OTHER PARAMETERS OF THE PROJECT
Main Consumer :
Power Houses and Basket Linkage
Manpower :
The total manpower required for the project is 854.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 10
Pumping and Drainage :
The pumping system has been designed to dewater the inflow of water due
to precipitation falling within the active pit limit during the monsoon season to enable
the mining activity to continue round the year.
Coal and OB working faces and the haul roads shall be maintained free of
water as far as possible. Water garland drains shall be developed in advance for
each stage of mine working so that water is collected by the garland drains.
Power supply:
This project will receive power at 33kV by double circuit overhead
transmission line with wolf conductor from 4-pole structure of existing 2X3.15 MVA,
33/6.6 kV substation of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. It is proposed to install
project substation near the mine. The substation will consist of 33kV outdoor
switchyard, control room & 6.6kV outgoing arrangement. The two 6.6 kV switch
boards will cater exclusively to HEMM, Pumping, lighting, colony & water supply and
workshop etc.
CHP & Dispatch arrangement:
The proposed Basundhara (West) extension OCP is planned to have a
capacity of 8.75 Mty. Total life of the project is 12 years. The entire production of coal
will be blast free coal size of (-) 100mm and the same will be dispatched from coal
face to new constructed Sardega siding (adjacent to mine lease) by departmental
dumpers.
Workshop and Store
The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast mine is planned to
have a capacity to handle the production of 8.75 Mty from the mine. The space of
existing workshop and stores of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project will be utilized
for the proposed project. It is proposed to deploy additional equipment for both
HEMM and E&M workshop to cater the increased production and shall be
accommodated within the existing workshop premises.
It is proposed that repairing and maintenance of the HEMM and E&M
equipment will be done in the additional workshop provided for the proposed project.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 11
Civil Construction
Civil works for proposed project consists of mainly residential buildings for
additional provision of 223 quarters as required for extra manpower, HEMM
workshop for extra HEMM, colony roads (length - 1486 m), haul roads (length - 3500
m),and coal transportation road (length- 1500 m) etc. A new bridge will be
constructed on Basundhara river for transportation of coal and to connect with
Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project for OB back filling in the void of the
Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project, utilization of HEMM work shop and other
facilities.
Water Demand and Supply Arrangement
Water Demand
Potable (in Kld) 500
Industrial (in Kld) 1510
Total (in Kld) 2010
The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP old
Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West) OCP
sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used from its
own mine sump.
2.8 PROPOSED PRODUCTION SCHEDULE, OB REMOVAL AND DUMPING PROGRAMME (PLATE NO- VIII, VIIIA & VIIIB)
Table 2.5: Coal Production and OB Removal Programme
YEAR Coal
(In Mt) Total OB
(In M.cum) SR
(In cum/t)
Yr 1 1.50 2.18 1.45
Yr 2 5.50 3.89 0.71
Yr 3 8.75 6.83 0.78
Yr 4 8.75 7.65 0.87
Yr 5 8.75 10.05 1.15
Yr 6 8.75 10.83 1.24
Yr 7 8.75 10.81 1.24
Yr 8 8.75 10.84 1.24
Yr 9 8.75 10.98 1.26
Yr 10 8.75 11.04 1.26
Yr 11 8.75 10.75 1.23
Yr 12 6.98 1.37 0.20
TOTAL 92.73 97.22 1.05
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 12
Table 2.6: Internal & external Dumping Schedule
(All figs. in Mcum)
Year of Operation
Programmed total coal
Programmed total OB
OB to internal dump-I*
OB to internal dump
Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 --
Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 --
Yr 3 8.75 6.83 1.59 5.24
Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65
Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05
Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83
Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81
Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84
Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98
Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04
Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75
Yr 12 6.98 1.37 -- 1.37
TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56
*Internal dump of Basundhara(W) Expn. OCP
2.9 LAND MANAGEMENT (PLATE NO. - IX)
(I) PRE- MINING LAND USE DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
Table 2.7: Pre-mining land use
(Area in Ha)
Sl. No.
Type of Land Within ML area (Ha)
Outside ML area (Ha)
Total Area (Ha)
1 Agricultural/Tenancy 51.29 -- 51.29
2 Waste land / Govt.land 45.01 45.85 90.86
3 Forest Land 227.62 -- 227.62
4 Grazing -- -- --
5 Surface water bodies -- -- --
Total : 323.92 45.85 369.77
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 13
(II) DETAILS OF LAND REQUIREMENT
Table 2.8: Details of Land Requirement
Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total (Area in Ha)
Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87
Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48
Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57
External OB dumps -- -- --
Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92
Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85
Outside Lease Area -- 45.85 45.85
TOTAL (Area in Ha) 227.62 142.15 369.77
(III) POST- CLOSURE SCENARIO
Table 2.9: Post-Closure Land use
Sl. No.
Land Use during Mining
Land Use (Ha)
Plantation Water- Body
Public Use
Undisturbed/ Dip side slope
Total (Ha)
1 External OB Dump Nil --
2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --
3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87
4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57
5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48
Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92
Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 14
2.10 REQUIREMENT OF HEMM
Table 2.10: List of HEMM
SL. NO. EQUIPMENT NAME SIZE TOTAL REQUIREMENT
NO.
A. OVERBURDEN
1 ELC. HYD. SHOVEL 10.0-12.0 cum. 1
2 ELC. ROPE SHOVEL 5.0 cum 1
3 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 5.0 cum 1
4 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 2.5-3.0 cum. 2
5 REAR DUMPER 100 T 7
6 REAR DUMPER 60 T 27
7 REAR DUMPER 35 T 1
8 ELC.R.B.H.DRILL 250 mm 2
9 DIESEL DRILL 160 mm. 6
10 DOZER with RIPPER ATTACHEMENT
860 HP 1
11 DOZER 410 HP 4
B. COAL
1 SURFACE MINER 3000-3800 mm. 2
2 F. E. LOADER 5-6 cum. 4
3 REAR DUMPER 60 T 6
4 REAR DUMPER 50T 9
5 DOZER 410 H.P. 3
6 WHEEL DOZER 300 H.P. 1
C. COMMON
1 GRADER 280 H.P. 2
2 CRANE 40T 1
3 HYDRAULIC MOBILE CRANE 20 T 2
4 TYRE MOUNTED CRANE 8 T 3
5 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 1.5-1.7cum. 2
6 F.E. LOADER 1.5-2 cum 2
7 FUEL BOWSER
2
8 FIRE TRUCK
1
9 MAINTENANCE VAN
1
10 WATER SPRINKLER 28 KL 4
11 TYRE HANDLER
1
12 FORK LIFT
1
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 15
2.11 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DENSITY (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)
Type of vehicles No. of vehicles per day
Two wheelers 400
Light Motar Vehicle 84
Heavy Vehicles (Tippers) 80
2.12 MINERAL(S) TRANSPORTATION (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)
Table 2.11: Mode of transport
Sl. No. Mode of transport Total for 8.75 Mty
Qty. (in TPD) Percentage (%)
a) Road & Rail 26515 100%
b) Conveyors
c) Ropeway -- --
d) Waterways -- --
e) Pipeline -- --
f) Others (specify) -- --
Total 26515 100
2.13 CONSTRUCTION OF RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE 33.0 Km long Jharsuguda – Barpalli - Sardega rail link & doubling of
Jharsuguda - Barpalli Rail link at an estimated cost of Rs. 2431.00 Cr. is under
progress, Single line construction has been completed.
2.14 LITIGATION / PENDING CASES
The Rehabilitation and resettlement in the two villages is being carried out
under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the
purpose.
2.15 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUES
MCL has full-fledged medical set up to check up and monitor all the
Occupational diseases endangering the health of the workmen. The periodical
medical examination of all the workmen will be carried out as per statute with the
purpose of detecting and keeping records of diseases with specific importance to
Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 16
2.16 DIVERSION/RECHANNELING OF NALLAH/CANAL/RIVER/ROAD
No road, stream, nala etc. are proposed to be diverted for the proposed
Project.
2.17 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related
activities:
Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people
Gopalpur (P) 105 283
Ratansara* 117 468
Total 222 751
*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble
Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on
16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.
These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and
economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006 under the
direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court.
2.18 USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
This is an opencast mine. No timber is used for the operation of the
mine.
The minimum water requirement has been assessed as the water
demand for this project and necessary approval for drawing the water
from the competent authority will be obtained.
The minimum Land has been considered for the mining activities for this
project.
Optimum Electrical Energy requirement has been assessed in the
project report.
Fuel consumption has been assessed for the Coal & OB as per norms.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 17
2.19 SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION Adequate provisions have been made for safe working of the mine in form of
design of operational systems, provision of safety measures for safe use of
explosives, electricity and HEMM etc. Sufficient financial provisions have been made
under different heads for procurement of necessary safety equipment.
Adequate skilled & trained manpower has also been provided, for compliance
of safety provisions. Regular training/refresher courses, "on job" training shall be
conducted & mock rehearsals shall be made to make the manpower conversant with
various rules, regulations, methods of prevention & combat with hazards.
Sufficient provision has been made in the approved Project Report for the
prevention & control of fire in the project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & sub-
stations by way of installing fire extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection &
refilling of fire extinguishers will be done.
The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB shall be left with a safe slope to
avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation,
safe terminal pit slope is provided to avoid pit failure. Detailed site specific tests for
slope stability shall be carried out and site specific parameters determined.
Site mixed slurry (SMS) has been proposed to be used for good
fragmentation and obviate storage of bulk quantum of explosives.
For proper blasting and minimizing the adverse side effects due to blasting
viz. noise, ground vibration, back-breaks, air blast and fly rocks etc., the optimal blast
design parameters are suggested to be used, after field trials.
2.20 ECONOMIC PARAMETERS
Total Capital investment - Rs. 755.13 Crs.
Estimated capital investment on EIA/EMP - Rs. 93.37 Crs.
Estimated cost of Mine Closure - Rs. 36.46 Crs. @ 5% Annual compound interest
Estimated CSR cost - Rs.18.54 Crs. @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 18
However, fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net
profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00
per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 1
Chapter–3
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO
The present environmental scenario has been described in this chapter with
respect of ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level measurement,
land use/cover pattern, socio-economic scenario, bio-diversity, hydrogeology and
places of religious, historical archaeological importance.
3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
Baseline data w.r.t ambient air quality had been generated by Ecomen
Labroteries Pvt Ltd, Lucknow during 4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018. The
data has been given in this chapter with the following objectives:
To assess the present air quality in the buffer zone to provide the basis
for study of short-term as well as long-term trends of pollutant
concentration when the mine will reach its full production capacity.
To provide the baseline data for subsequent development of air
pollution prevention and control programme. The present ambient air
quality assessment deals with the following items:
Inventory of existing pollution sources.
Present ambient air quality study.
Climate
The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of rainfall
occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept. As per IMD data of Jharuguda 2016 the
highest 24 hourly rainfall occurs in the month of August 63.20 mm. The temperature
varies from 7.7oC to 38.9oC. The predominant wind direction is SW to NW.
Micro Meteorological Condition
A micro meteorological station has been installed for the Project over the roof
of Basundhara Guest House during the study period (4th November 2017 to 3rd
February 2018). The predominant wind direction has been observed from S to N
during the study period. The average wind speed was 0.57 m/s and 67.93 % calm
conditions were prevailing in study area.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 2
Figure 3.1: Windrose diagram showing predominant wind direction
3.2.1 INVENTORY OF EXISTING POLLUTION SOURCES
The existing pollution sources along with the pollutants are given belows:
Table-3.1: Inventory of existing pollution sources
Source Major
Pollutants
(A) From existing OCPs/OCMs
Drilling, blasting, transportation, loading and unloading of OB and
coal, OB dump formation, OB dump and coal stack surfaces,
movement of vehicles, operation of HEMMs besides fire in coal faces
and coal stacks
PM10, PM2.5,
SO2 and NOX
(B) Non-mining activities
Road traffic and burning of fuel for domestic purposes PM10, PM2.5,
SO2 and NOX
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 3
The mining and other industrial activities along with non-mining activities like
road traffic, burning of coal for domestic and commercial purposes, etc. are the
potential sources of the ambient air pollution in the area.
3.2.2 PRESENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STUDY
Present air quality data have been generated as per the guidelines of CPCB
and in line with Point No.21(b) of the Questionnaire (Proforma for Environmental
Appraisal of Mining Projects) and as per the ToR issued by MoEF&CC. Twenty four
(24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX,
at each monitoring station for two days in a week for four consecutive weeks in a
month for three months i.e. 4th Nov 2017 to 3rd Feb 2018. Heavy metals (As, Ni, Pb,
Cd, Cr, Hg) were monitored for once in a month at each station.
Location of air sampling stations
To assess the ambient air quality, sampling stations were fixed on the basis
of meteorological parameters like predominant wind direction based on IMD
data and wind speeds besides physiography of the area. The locations of air
sampling stations are shown in Plate No.-XI and the details are given in the
Table-3.2.
Table-3.2: Description of Air Sampling Spots
SI. No.
Location Name
Coordinates of the Location Classified
Area Distance/Direction
In Km Easting Northing
1.0 Telendih 777306.37 2442315.95 Core Zone ---
2.0 Tiklipara 783238.97 2442232.65 Buffer Zone 3.7 km, SE
3.0 Rampia 776886.22 2447783.14 Buffer Zone 2.7 km, NW
4.0 Sumura 778927.98 2447480.71 Buffer Zone 4.5 km, N
5.0 Chakarpur 779234.67 2438282.69 Buffer Zone 4.14 km, S
6.0 Kanikalan 784085.00 2445241.00 Buffer Zone 6.9 km, NE
7.0 Mundelkhet 771190.00 2442143.00 Buffer Zone 4.41 km, W
8.0 Ghogharpali 773066.86 2444761.38 Buffer Zone 3.30 km, N
9.0 Patrapalli 776649.38 2440053.12 Buffer Zone 2.40 km, S
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 4
Methodology and instruments used for air quality analysis
It is given in the following table:
Table 3.3: Methodology & Instruments used for Air Quality Analysis
Sl.
No. Parameters Method Instruments
1. PM10, PM2.5 IS:5182 (Part-IV)
(Gravimetric method)
Respirable dust
samplers, electronic
balance, oven, etc.
2. SO2 IS:5182 (Part-II) (Sodium
tetrachloromercurate method, also
known as improved West and Gaeke
Method) (Photometric method)
Spectrophotometer.
3. NOX IS:5182 (Part-VI)
(Jacob & Hoccheiser Modified
Method) (Photometric method)
-do-
Parameters for monitoring
The following parameters were monitored for assessment of air quality :
Particulate matter (PM10)
Particulate matter (PM2.5)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen oxides (NOX)
Heavy metal (Pb, As,Ni, Hg,Cr, Cd) (Once in a month)
Frequency of air sampling
Air samples were collected as per guidelines of CPCB at 24 hourly intervals
for two days in a week for four (4) consecutive weeks in a month for all the
three months i.e., NOV 2017 to FEB 2018. Heavy metal sample collected
once in a month during study period.
Results
The analytical results of air samples are given in Table-3.4 to 3.14. The
analytical results are also summarised below in the following table.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 5
(A) Table – 3.4 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Data for Nov 2017 to Feb 2018
Units in (µg/m3)
Village Brief Statistics PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
Telendih Village
Maximum 98.54 57.80 18.25 34.43
Minimum 70.90 28.90 14.60 25.10
Mean 85.57 39.39 16.67 29.51
98 percentile 98.42 56.70 18.24 33.64
Tiklipara Village
Maximum 89.70 48.90 18.89 32.87
Minimum 62.50 24.77 14.98 24.33
Mean 75.10 34.29 17.02 29.64
98 percentile 89.15 48.38 18.78 32.82
Rampia Village
Maximum 85.40 50.65 21.70 30.90
Minimum 65.76 26.66 8.40 12.80
Mean 75.30 36.50 15.34 23.82
98 percentile 85.00 50.28 21.05 30.25
Sumura Village
Maximum 82.60 44.78 17.09 27.86
Minimum 60.65 27.60 13.87 25.32
Mean 73.20 33.28 15.88 26.44
98 percentile 81.80 44.19 17.04 27.83
Chakarpur Village
Maximum 90.80 57.50 17.95 27.99
Minimum 69.66 26.77 14.20 23.31
Mean 79.35 37.76 15.90 25.15
98 percentile 90.75 56.55 17.88 27.96
Kanikalan Village
Maximum 91.22 56.74 21.10 29.33
Minimum 64.47 33.89 8.56 11.80
Mean 76.91 45.67 14.04 20.54
98 percentile 89.72 55.70 20.49 29.02
Muderkhet Village
Maximum 90.30 55.90 21.71 30.22
Minimum 65.87 28.55 9.99 16.39
Mean 78.58 37.19 16.15 23.12
98 percentile 90.25 52.94 21.29 30.01
Ghogharpalli Village
Maximum 90.70 52.65 17.99 34.89
Minimum 67.00 28.77 15.20 26.95
Mean 79.42 38.15 16.71 29.91
98 percentile 90.05 50.76 17.90 33.56
Patrapalli Village
Maximum 85.70 47.45 17.99 28.98
Minimum 60.70 25.76 13.98 23.70
Mean 75.35 34.99 15.40 26.15
98 percentile 85.52 46.56 17.38 28.64
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 6
(B) Heavy Metals Results of Heavy Metal analysis are as follows:
Table – 3.4 a : Analysis of Heavy Metals in PM10 Samples
Monitoring Station: Telendih Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 --
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 --
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 --
Monitoring Station: Tiklipara Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Rampia Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 7
Monitoring Station: Kanikalan Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) 1.5 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Barpali Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Chakarpur Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Ghogharpali Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 8
Monitoring Station: Mundelkhet Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Sumura village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
14-11-17 27-12-17 07-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Monitoring Station: Patrapalli Village
Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards
Date of Sampling
18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)
Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 9
Table-3.5: Base Line Air Quality Data
Telendih Village
Units in µg/m3
Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
06.11.2017 92.50 43.20 14.80 27.90
07.11.2017 94.60 55.60 14.60 28.00
13.11.2017 78.88 35.70 15.20 29.60
14.11.2017 90.80 44.20 16.44 27.40
20.11.2017 85.90 57.80 15.20 26.70
21.11.2017 98.30 51.20 14.92 28.97
27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 16.87 30.88
28.11.2017 76.90 41.70 17.20 32.85
04.12.2017 70.90 40.94 17.45 31.66
05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 18.22 34.43
11.12.2017 89.85 37.50 17.33 32.01
12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 18.21 30.45
18.12.2017 79.89 31.89 18.11 32.05
19.12.2017 80.85 39.80 17.32 28.89
25.12.2017 87.55 35.70 16.20 27.99
26.12.2017 80.99 32.45 17.48 29.80
01.01.2018 98.54 35.10 18.04 30.88
02.01.2018 91.90 33.80 18.25 30.09
08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.89 29.12
09.01.2018 90.70 40.60 16.50 27.87
15.01.2018 84.44 30.40 15.42 25.10
16.01.2018 86.80 40.10 16.40 28.30
22.01.2018 90.98 32.60 15.85 27.80
23.01.2018 79.44 30.80 16.02 29.05
29.01.2018 76.89 37.20 17.54 30.88
30.01.2018 90.50 49.70 16.00 28.70
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 10
Table-3.6: Base Line Air Quality Data
Tiklipara Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
08.11.2017 70.40 36.66 17.66 32.11
09.11.2017 70.80 34.14 16.32 30.33
15.11.2017 66.50 24.77 17.20 31.20
16.11.2017 69.80 26.75 17.43 31.03
22.11.2017 82.70 41.76 18.30 32.76
23.11.2017 85.90 47.85 18.44 32.10
29.11.2017 69.40 28.33 16.21 30.98
30.11.2017 73.60 36.64 16.65 30.43
06.12.2017 66.67 29.15 16.32 29.89
07.12.2017 88.60 30.88 17.09 31.70
13.12.2017 70.70 32.75 18.89 32.40
14.12.2017 77.40 34.66 18.28 32.05
20.12.2017 66.40 26.88 18.67 32.87
21.12.2017 70.90 29.98 17.98 30.11
27.12.2017 64.65 27.56 18.03 31.55
28.12.2017 88.38 48.90 18.32 32.50
03.01.2018 79.40 28.96 17.98 29.77
04.01.2018 70.30 29.80 16.88 28.88
10.01.2018 62.50 26.87 15.56 27.98
11.01.2018 75.80 40.67 15.43 26.45
17.01.2018 78.90 37.60 14.98 24.33
18.01.2018 81.80 44.90 15.47 25.44
24.01.2018 74.70 29.76 16.65 26.65
25.01.2018 89.70 42.77 16.76 26.75
31.01.2018 80.90 39.88 15.75 25.44
01.02.2018 75.70 32.77 15.30 24.98
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 11
Table-3.7: Base Line Air Quality Data
Rampia Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
06.11.2017 66.77 27.60 13.20 19.20
07.11.2017 78.66 36.40 18.50 26.50
13.11.2017 69.70 28.90 17.00 24.70
14.11.2017 81.50 43.50 14.50 23.10
20.11.2017 78.40 36.45 10.20 18.90
21.11.2017 74.50 34.50 9.50 14.70
27.11.2017 80.50 41.60 8.40 12.80
28.11.2017 76.30 37.54 12.30 19.80
04.12.2017 70.80 29.85 18.20 25.60
05.12.2017 80.50 40.60 17.43 27.60
11.12.2017 84.60 44.65 20.40 26.30
12.12.2017 69.78 27.45 19.60 24.80
18.12.2017 85.40 49.70 16.30 23.90
19.12.2017 69.65 26.75 10.20 28.40
25.12.2017 80.44 44.66 16.30 24.00
26.12.2017 78.40 37.86 10.50 27.60
01.01.2018 82.40 50.65 14.90 22.60
02.01.2018 72.30 34.23 13.50 20.90
08.01.2018 75.50 37.66 19.30 25.80
09.01.2018 75.40 41.10 18.50 23.90
15.01.2018 79.34 49.90 14.60 29.60
16.01.2018 69.70 28.75 13.60 22.80
22.01.2018 70.40 30.65 21.70 30.90
23.01.2018 65.76 26.66 17.60 27.40
29.01.2018 67.70 28.95 15.80 22.30
30.01.2018 73.40 32.40 16.90 25.20
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 12
Table-3.8: Base Line Air Quality Data
Kanikalan Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
04.11.2017 69.40 47.88 14.70 22.50
10.11.2017 74.54 51.22 15.40 25.70
11.11.2017 87.67 56.74 18.60 23.80
17.11.2017 81.22 51.34 12.50 20.80
18.11.2017 87.90 54.66 18.20 28.70
24.11.2017 85.42 52.98 17.50 23.40
25.11.2017 74.49 49.00 8.70 14.80
01.12.2017 69.88 37.77 10.20 19.60
02.12.2017 83.22 50.98 12.30 17.80
08.12.2017 76.89 44.75 17.50 22.70
09.12.2017 65.43 34.91 16.50 23.70
15.12.2017 78.88 41.22 9.60 14.50
16.12.2017 64.47 48.31 18.20 27.80
22.12.2017 79.89 51.23 12.10 16.20
23.12.2017 72.34 47.66 10.96 13.20
29.12.2017 64.55 38.41 9.63 11.80
30.12.2017 69.35 41.22 13.50 17.40
05.01.2018 72.33 46.67 17.41 21.30
06.01.2018 67.90 33.89 10.20 18.60
12.01.2018 74.31 39.42 9.87 15.32
13.01.2018 69.00 41.36 8.56 13.20
19.01.2018 86.82 47.31 12.30 19.60
20.01.2018 91.22 52.33 14.10 21.30
26.01.2018 85.44 45.33 15.63 23.20
27.01.2018 78.93 39.42 19.87 29.33
02.02.2018 88.21 41.33 21.10 27.80
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 13
Table-3.9: Base Line Air Quality Data
Chakarpur Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
04.11.2017 89.56 45.60 14.20 23.44
10.11.2017 90.65 55.60 15.40 24.21
11.11.2017 80.33 39.86 15.20 24.15
17.11.2017 90.80 46.70 15.35 24.66
18.11.2017 83.20 40.44 16.66 25.76
24.11.2017 78.98 34.65 16.55 25.20
25.11.2017 80.30 40.70 15.87 24.65
01.12.2017 70.30 35.65 15.66 24.76
02.12.2017 70.90 34.50 15.70 24.80
08.12.2017 88.90 41.43 14.65 23.54
09.12.2017 80.23 39.76 15.88 24.55
15.11.2017 70.90 31.54 16.02 25.80
16.12.2017 79.89 34.55 15.98 24.65
22.12.2017 80.85 40.65 16.45 25.99
23.12.2017 77.60 29.76 16.44 25.76
29.12.2017 72.30 30.40 17.34 27.99
30.12.2017 84.66 44.20 17.80 27.87
05.01.2018 81.40 40.60 17.95 27.93
06.01.2018 79.67 32.64 17.43 27.40
12.01.2018 90.70 57.50 16.85 26.65
13.01.2018 75.66 36.54 15.56 25.76
19.01.2018 69.70 28.65 15.92 24.98
20.01.2018 83.60 32.60 14.86 23.32
26.01.2018 70.80 29.87 14.66 23.44
27.01.2018 69.66 26.77 14.76 23.36
02.02.2018 71.66 30.70 14.32 23.31
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 14
Table-3.10: Base Line Air Quality Data
Patrapalli Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
08.11.2017 72.54 31.22 16.55 28.30
09.11.2017 80.65 40.55 14.88 26.87
15.11.2017 85.70 43.23 14.76 25.98
16.11.2017 81.50 41.44 13.98 26.88
22.11.2017 76.88 34.50 14.25 26.90
23.11.2017 80.80 41.05 14.78 25.87
29.11.2017 84.40 41.58 15.03 26.10
30.11.2017 75.30 33.66 15.55 26.76
06.12.2017 69.30 27.87 15.45 27.88
07.12.2017 80.33 42.52 16.41 27.32
13.12.2017 73.54 37.55 17.99 28.98
14.12.2017 65.77 29.87 16.77 27.76
20.12.2017 60.70 25.77 15.98 26.24
21.12.2017 76.40 38.87 15.65 26.10
27.12.2017 67.86 26.66 14.85 24.98
28.12.2017 80.50 45.66 14.56 25.05
03.01.2018 69.70 27.88 15.12 25.80
04.01.2018 73.50 29.98 15.32 25.20
10.01.2018 66.44 25.85 15.68 25.70
11.01.2018 76.52 33.66 15.87 26.05
17.01.2018 70.85 30.85 16.06 26.80
18.01.2018 81.17 45.55 15.00 25.60
24.01.2018 69.98 25.76 14.70 23.70
25.01.2018 85.33 47.45 15.30 24.77
31.01.2018 79.87 30.76 14.80 24.11
01.02.2018 73.66 29.88 15.00 24.08
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 15
Table-3.11: Base Line Air Quality Data
Sumura Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
08.11.2017 78.87 37.98 14.43 27.80
09.11.2017 70.80 32.55 13.87 26.98
15.11.2017 68.80 28.30 14.34 25.88
16.11.2017 69.80 29.76 15.98 25.43
22.11.2017 80.30 44.78 15.45 25.77
23.11.2017 82.60 42.70 16.77 26.10
29.11.2017 68.80 27.80 16.98 26.43
30.11.2017 75.76 33.54 17.09 27.86
06.12.2017 60.65 31.40 16.90 26.88
07.12.2017 80.34 31.90 15.76 25.32
13.12.2017 78.44 35.80 15.40 25.79
14.12.2017 65.50 28.96 15.75 25.98
20.12.2017 67.30 29.77 16.09 26.05
21.12.2017 74.00 31.80 16.22 26.35
27.12.2017 69.87 29.80 16.44 26.85
28.12.2017 80.99 32.80 16.43 26.81
03.01.2018 77.70 35.70 15.87 25.77
04.01.2018 71.60 34.50 15.56 25.95
10.01.2018 64.90 30.88 15.78 26.00
11.01.2018 80.70 43.60 15.87 26.32
17.01.2018 70.43 30.40 15.94 26.28
18.01.2018 75.80 34.30 15.32 26.10
24.01.2018 72.34 31.50 15.90 26.62
25.01.2018 70.90 31.60 16.06 27.41
31.01.2018 78.50 35.67 16.01 27.66
01.02.2018 67.44 27.60 16.75 27.01
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 16
Table- 3.12: Base Line Air Quality Data
Mundelkhet Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
06.11.2017 87.30 40.30 12.67 18.71
07.11.2017 77.40 38.30 15.87 22.34
13.11.2017 65.87 35.70 17.98 19.89
14.11.2017 69.80 32.10 11.98 17.82
20.11.2017 88.60 47.55 16.71 24.78
21.11.2017 90.30 55.90 13.22 23.10
27.11.2017 84.30 41.50 14.51 20.90
28.11.2017 79.80 36.60 16.87 22.67
04.12.2017 66.80 31.40 12.60 18.78
05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 19.88 24.92
11.12.2017 87.90 37.50 21.71 29.80
12.12.2017 67.80 28.96 17.94 26.78
18.12.2017 69.00 29.77 16.11 22.89
19.12.2017 78.30 34.43 16.00 21.00
25.12.2017 80.20 35.70 9.99 16.39
26.12.2017 80.99 33.80 13.76 19.88
01.01.2018 90.20 49.98 18.92 26.10
02.01.2018 77.40 35.77 15.33 20.98
08.01.2018 68.34 33.35 17.54 26.76
09.01.2018 88.20 47.75 12.00 19.80
15.01.2018 74.50 30.40 19.90 30.22
16.01.2018 80.60 39.86 20.87 26.10
22.01.2018 77.20 30.87 16.54 21.87
23.01.2018 79.44 34.76 18.93 27.99
29.01.2018 74.30 37.20 14.12 22.73
30.01.2018 69.60 28.55 17.89 27.92
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 17
Table-3.13: Base Line Air Quality Data
Ghogharpali Village
Units in µg/m3
DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2
06.11.2017 88.40 41.60 17.40 34.89
07.11.2017 78.50 38.43 16.22 30.10
13.11.2017 78.88 37.77 15.32 31.22
14.11.2017 68.90 30.60 17.09 32.23
20.11.2017 77.50 32.50 16.70 29.43
21.11.2017 88.90 43.74 17.80 30.07
27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 17.28 31.10
28.11.2017 72.80 37.70 16.98 28.89
04.12.2017 70.90 36.50 17.03 32.20
05.12.2017 88.90 43.30 15.32 27.99
11.12.2017 74.70 34.87 17.99 29.30
12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 16.30 28.22
18.12.2017 67.00 31.89 15.20 27.10
19.12.2017 72.80 39.80 15.43 26.95
25.12.2017 80.80 52.65 15.85 27.08
26.12.2017 80.99 40.99 16.01 28.65
01.01.2018 90.70 48.87 16.76 29.45
02.01.2018 83.70 46.55 16.87 29.06
08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.75 30.88
09.01.2018 89.40 42.68 16.95 30.05
15.01.2018 84.44 36.89 17.05 32.10
16.01.2018 80.90 44.80 16.82 29.97
22.01.2018 81.40 33.54 16.92 28.78
23.01.2018 79.44 29.76 17.02 30.10
29.01.2018 76.89 28.77 17.30 31.08
30.01.2018 70.30 30.45 17.10 30.70
Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 18
Observations
The average concentration levels (24 hrly.) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and
NOx is within permissible limit of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS).
3.3 WATER QUALITY
Water quality study
Baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and
ground water sources had been generated by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.
Limited, Lucknow. The findings have been incorporated in this chapter.
Location of sampling stations
9 sampling stations covering ground water, surface water and mine
water were selected in the core and buffer zones of the project. The
locations of water sampling stations have been shown in Plate No.-XII and
details are given below:
Table: 3.14: Location of sampling stations
Sl. No.
Location Code
Name of Location Direction w.r.t
Centre of Core Zone
Aerial Distance in km (w.r.t the Mine Centre)
1. DW1 Ratanpur Village SW 3.3 km
2. DW2 Rampia Village NW 4.1 km
3. DW3 Partapalli Village SW 3.0 km
4. DW4 Kulaparha village E 2.3 km
5. SW1 Banjarnaria nalla up stream SE 3.4 km
6. SW2 Banjarnaria nalla down stream S 2.0 km
7. SW3 Ratansara Village S 2.0 km
8. SW4 Gopalpur Village SE 2.8 km
9. EW1 Basundhara (W) mine effluent water
SE 5.5 km
Frequency of sampling
Water samples were collected once in a season from the above villages
for analysis.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 19
Methodology and instruments used for water analysis
Water samples were collected for physical, chemical and bacteriological
parameters taking suitable precautions. The methodology and instruments
used for water analysis are given in Table-3.15 to 3.17.
Table-3.15 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters
(Drinking Water)
Sl. No. Tests Protocol
1. Odour IS 3025 (Part 6) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002
2. Taste IS 3025 (Part 8) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002
3. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B)
4. Turbidity as (NTU) IS 3025 (Part 10) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002
5. pH IS 3025 (Part 11) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002
6. Total Dissolved Solids as TDS (mg/l)
IS 3025 (Part 15) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2003
7. Alkalinity (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 23) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003
8. Total Hardness as CaCO3
(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009
9. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003
10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 42) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003
11. Iron as Fe (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 53) : 2003 Reaffirmed 2009
12. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006
13. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 32) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2007 (Argentometric Method)
14. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 24) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003 (Turbidity Method)
15. Nitrate Nitrogen as NO3
(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part34) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2003
16. Fluorides as F (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 60) : 2008 (Ion Selective Electrode Method)
17. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)
IS 3025 (Part 43) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003
18. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 41) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003
19. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 48) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
20. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) APHA 21st EDN.:2012 3500
21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 37) : 1988
22. Lead as Pb (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 47) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
23. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
24. Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l)
IS 3025 (Part 52) : 2003 Reprint 2007
25. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
26. Selenium as Se (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 56)
27. Free Residual Chlorine IS 3025 (Part 26) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 20
Sl. No. Tests Protocol
(mg/l) (Idometric Method)
28. Anionic Detergents (As MBAS)(mg/l) max
APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 5540 A+C
29. Fecal Coliform(MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 9221 E
Table-3.16 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters
(Surface Water)
Sl. No. Parameter Protocol
1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)
2. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B)
3. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B)
4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C)
5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)
6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D)
7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day)
IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006
8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009
9. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003
10. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C
12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B)
13. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)
14. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B)
15. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B)
16. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C)
17. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)
18. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D)
19. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day)
IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006
20. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009
21. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003
22. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
23. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C
24. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B)
25. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)
26. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3111 Cd B)
27. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr+6 B)
28. Oil & Grease APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5520 A+D
29. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 Cl B
30. Fluorides as F (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-FC & D)
31. Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 SO4 42-E
32. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) -
33. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)
34. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, (3112 A+C)
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 21
Sl. No. Parameter Protocol
35. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006
36. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Zn B)
37. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B)
38. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003
39. Phenolic Compounds APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5530 A+C
40. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (9221 B)
Table-3.17 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters
(Effluent Water)
Sl. No. Parameter Protocol
1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)
2. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B)
3. Colour (Hazen unit) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2120B)
4. Odour APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2150B)
5. Total Suspended Solid as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)
6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5520 B)
7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C)
APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5210 B)
8. Chemical Oxygen Demand as COD (mg/l)
APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5220 B)
9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B)
10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B)
11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B)
12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C)
13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111A+ B)
14. Flouride as F (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 F- D+C)
15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 A+C)
16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 S-2F)
17. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5530 A+C)
18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)
19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C)
20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-NO3 B)
21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3114 B)
22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)
23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3112 B)
24. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 NH3 -F)
25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 Norg A+C)
26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111D)
27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr B)
Results
The results of analyses of water samples are given in Table 3.18 to 3.20.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 22
Table – 3.18
GROUND WATER QUALITY DATA
Sl. No.
TESTS DW1 DW2 DW3 DW4 INDIAN STANDARDS
as per IS10500:1991(Reaff:2012)
Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 Desirable Permissible
1. Colour (Hazen unit) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 15
2. Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
4. Temperature (0C) 23.1 23.9 24.2 23.6 - -
5. Turbidity as (NTU) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 10
6. pH 6.95 6.84 7.06 6.91 6.5-8.5 No Relax.
7. Total Dissolved Solids as TDS (mg/l)
202 164 177 205 500 mg/l 2000 mg/l
8. Alkalinity (mg/l) 112 88 104 116 200 mg/l 600 mg/l
9. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l)
168 140 160 164 200.0 mg/l 600
10. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 28.8 33.6 32 44.8 75.0 mg/l 200
11. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.05 0.05 mg/l 1.5 mg/l
12. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.08 0.3 mg/l 1 mg/l
13. Manganese as Mn (mg/l)
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 0.10 mg/l 0.3
14. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 22 20 50 52 250.0 mg/l 1000
15. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) 18.6 21.3 15.6 19.6 200.0 mg/l 400
16. Nitrate Nitrogen as NO3
(mg/l) 3.6 4.28 2.1 3.85 45.0 mg/l 100
17. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.57 0.27 0.29 0.09 1.0 mg/l 1.5 mg/l
18. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 mg/l 0.002 mg/l
19. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 mg/l No Relax
20. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 No Relax.
21. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.03 0.2
22. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 0.01 mg/l No Relax
23. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 0.01 mg/l No Relax.
24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.19 5 mg/l 15 mg/l
25. Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l)
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 mg/l No Relax.
26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 No Relax
27. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 No Relax
28. Free Residual Chlorine (mg/l)
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.20 mg/l -
29. Anionic Detergents (As MBAS)(mg/l) max
<0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 0.2 1
30. Fecal Coliform (MPN/100 ml)
Absent Absent Absent Absent - -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 23
Table-3.19
SURFACE WATER QUALITY DATA
Sl. No.
Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4
Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18
1. pH 7.17 7.24 7.6 7.68
2. Colour (Hazen units) 10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0
3. Temp (0C) 23.1 23.6 23.2 24.2
4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.5
5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 40 36 62 184
6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) 16.6 14.1 37.6 10.8
7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0
8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 32 28 52 128
9. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) 4.8 9.6 11.2 30.4
10. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) 4.86 0.97 5.83 12.63
11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
13. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008
14. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
15. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
16. Oil & Grease <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
17. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 4 4 6 30
18. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.98 0.68 0.42 0.53
19. Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) 6.4 4.3 11.7 17.6
20. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) 1.72 1.2 3.1 8.4
21. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04
22. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
23. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.13 0.15 0.2 0.11
25. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.19 0.09 0.16
26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
27. Phenolic Compounds <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
28. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) 120 160 200 140
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 24
Table-3.20
MINE EFFLUENT QUALITY DATA
Sl. No. TESTS
EW
General Standards for discharge of Effluents into
inland Surface water GSR 422(E)
1. pH 7.43 5.5-9.0
2. Temperature (0C) 24.10 50C above water temp.
3. Colour (Hazen unit) 10.0 -
4. Odour Odourless -
5. Total Suspended Solid as TSS (mg/l)
21.6 100
6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) BDL 10
7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C)
3.5 30
8. Chemical Oxygen Demand as COD (mg/l)
16.0 250
9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.68 3.0
10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) BDL 3.0
11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.29 5.0
12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) BDL 0.05
13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) BDL 3.0
14. Flouride as F (mg/l) 1.46 2.0
15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) 0.52 5.0
16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) BDL 2.0
17. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)
BDL 1.0
18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) BDL 2.0
19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) 17.10 10.0
20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) BDL 0.1
21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) BDL 0.2
22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) BDL 2.0
23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) BDL 0.01
24. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N (mg/l)
3.11 50.0
25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) 11.0 100.0
26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) BDL 2.0
27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) BDL 0.10
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 25
Observations
Ground Water (Tubewell water and Dugwell water)
Samples, DW-1, DW-2, DW-3, and DW-4 were from ground water
sources. The analyses shows that various physical and chemical
parameters are within the permissiable limits of Drinking Water
Standards (IS: 10500-2012).
Surface Water
Samples, SW-1 and SW-2 were collected from upstream and down
stream of Banjarnaria nalla. SW-3 and SW-4 were collected from
Ratansara and Gopalpur Pond Water. As on date, there is no standard
for Surface water.
Waste Water
Samples, EW-1 were collected from effluent water of Basundhara (W)
OCP. The analysis shows that various parameters are within the limits
of General Standards for discharge of Effluents into inland Surface
water GSR 422(E).
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 26
3.4 HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY 3.4.1 INTODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY
Drainage basin is a tool for quantitative measurement of hydrogeological
cycle. In a drainage basin, the catchment or water shed forms a system boundary
through which any sort of excess precipitation flows off through its principal streams.
The characteristics of a basin at any given time contribute to the hydrologic variations
in space. The characteristics to be considered include geometry of the basin, such as
area, relief, orientation, shape, drainage density, channel frequency and drainage
configuration. Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern
through its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by different
geological/ geographical factors. Drainage patterns are classified on the basis of their
texture and form. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography
and subsurface geology. Drainage channels develop where surface runoff is
enhanced and earth materials provide least resistance to erosion. Drainage pattern in
Talcher coalfield varies from parallel to dendritic in nature. The study area falls under
the influence of Basundhara River pre-dominantly, which are the tributary of Ib River
which control the overall drainage pattern of the coalfield.
3.4.2 DRAINAGE ANALYSIS
BASUNDHARA RIVER
Basundhara nala is one of the important drainage basin (Plate-V) which
covers large extent of Ib valley coalfield. The total catchment of the Basundhara Nala
is estimated at 608 km2.It is observed from the catchment characteristic of the
Basundhara Nala basin, that the drainage network of the area is favorable for long
extended discharge than to generate sudden peak discharge. The Basundhara nala
basin has a mean bifurcation ratio of 3.22 which indicates that geological structure
has played a very limited role in controlling the drainage pattern. It has a drainage
frequency below 0.5 (number of rivers per unit area). This indicates a moderately
developed drainage network where concentration of flood is distributed over time and
no flash flood is caused.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 27
The drainage density of 0.66 km/sq.km (the total length of all stream
channels per unit area of basin) shows high value of run-off and moderate to low
permeability of the terrain. A low value of length of overland flow (0.76 km) greatly
reduces the possibility of ground water recharge and hence the surface run-off will
constitute the major part of rainfall. This also indicates low permeability of the terrain.
The average stream slope for the area is 0.0026 i.e. 1 in 400. This indicates
normal gradient of channel where down cutting and scoring actions are almost
neutralized. The compactness co-efficient, elongation ratio and circularity ratio for the
Basundhara nala basin area 1.3, 0.65 and 0.85 respectively. Since compactness co-
efficient is greater that 1, the frequency and magnitude of flood are reduced. Further,
circularity and elongation ratio are greater than 0.5 and these indicate a high rate of
surface run-off and more time of concentration. The flow capacity and peak run-off at
the highest flood level are 1061.9 and 689 cumec (m3/sec) for the Basundhara nala
respectively. There will not be any over flooding of river at the time of peak run-off.
3.4.3 PRE-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA
The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land
and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general
altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres. Basundhara river is
flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river. Telendra nalla
flows at a distance of 94 meters south of the block. Barhajharia nalla, Bhaina jhor and
Ichcha Nadi flows 230 meter west, 3.4 kms north east and 8.65 km north east
respectively. Besides these, there are some small ponds and dug wells available
within the block and used for irrigation and drinking purposes.
3.4.4 POST-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA
The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed
nalla diversion.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 28
3.4.5 HYDROGEOLOGY
3.4.5.1 AQUIFER DESCRTIPTION
The permeable formations i.e. sand and sandstone within Gondwana
formation behave as an aquifer. The coal seams and shales developed act as
impermeable beds i.e. aquiclude. Based on the sub surface geological data
generated from the exploratory boreholes, the disposition of aquifers have been
worked out as below for the workable seam Rampur seam. The seams in ascending
order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB, RAMPUR-IV and
RAMPUR-V. :
Table:3.21 Hydrogeological units developed in proposed project
Hydrogeological unit Formation Thickness (m)
Min. Max.
Shallow / water table / unconfined aquifer (highly potential)
Overburden (shale, sandstone and sandy shale) excluding weathered material
5.80 70.00
DE
EP
ER
AQ
UIF
ER
(Lo
w P
oten
tial A
quife
r)
Aquiclude RAMPUR V 2.00 3.00
Semiconfined aquifer 1 Parting* 0.43 7.60
Aquiclude RAMPUR IV A 11.00 15.00
Semiconfined aquifer 2 Parting* 3.44 15.95
Aquiclude RAMPUR IV B 1.00 2.00
Semiconfined aquifer 3 Parting* 1.82 7.14
Aquiclude RAMPUR III 4.00 6.00
Semiconfined aquifer 4 Parting* 0.10 3.00
Aquiclude RAMPUR II 2.00 4.00
Semiconfined aquifer 5 Parting* 0.10 2.99
Aquiclude RAMPUR I 4.00 6.00
* Parting comprises of Shale, sandstone, carb shale, sandy shale
3.4.5.1 AQUIFER PARAMETERS
The regional hydro-geological studies of Sundargarh district were carried out
by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of
India, Bhubaneswar and had submitted a report in December 1995 as “Ground Water
Resources and Development Potentials of Sundargarh district, Odisha. The aquifer
characteristic of phreatic zone was tested by conducting pumping tests in open dug
wells. The hydraulic characteristics of open wells in Gondwana sedimentary rocks
are given below in table 3.23.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 29
Table 3.22: Results of Pumping Test of Large Diameter Dug wells for Sedimentary (Gondwana) Formation, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.
Sl. No.
Hydrogeological Details Jhuprunga (DPT-III)
Dulanga (DPT-IV)
Grindola (DPT-V)
1. Aquifer Sand Stone Sand Stone Sand Stone
2. Duration of test (min) 90.00 60.00 23.00
3. Depth (m) 8.14 4.31 7.62
4. Diameter (m) 4.31 5.50 2.94
5. Static water level (m) bgl 5.11 2.90 6.38
6. Discharge (lps) 3.30 1.10 4.20
7. Draw down (m) 1.55 0.63 0.93
8. Specific capacity (lit/min/m cross sectional area)
0.95 1.43 2.56
Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha.
It is observed from the above table that the specific capacity index ranges
from 0.95 to 2.56 lit/min/m cross sectional area.
CGWB had drilled six exploratory boreholes in Gondwana formation for
delineating occurrence and distribution of water bearing fractures. The
hydrogeological details of the exploratory boreholes are given below in table 3.24.
Table 3.23: Location-wise Hydrogeological Details in Sedimentary (Gondwana) Rocks, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.
Sl. No.
Hydrogeological details
Tumulia Tumulia
(O.W) Gopalpur
Rangidhipa (Himgir)
Rangidhipa (O.W)
Taparia
1. Geological formation
Sandstone and shale
Sandstone and shale
Sandstone and shale
Sandstone and shale
Sandstone and shale
Sandstone and shale
2. Depth drilled (m) bgl
200.20 97.50 200.20 142.30 142.30 148.40
3. Depth of fracture zone (m) bgl
90.00 – 95.00
-- -- 26.40, 37.50, 42.60, 47.00, 59.00, 70.00, 134.00
26.40, 27.50, 42.60, 47.59, 70.00, 134.00
12.00, 15.00, 77.00, 96.00, 100.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 30
Sl. No.
Hydrogeological details
Tumulia Tumulia
(O.W) Gopalpur
Rangidhipa (Himgir)
Rangidhipa (O.W)
Taparia
4. Length of casing (m)
19.30 11.60 -- 23.80 -- 26.30
5. Static water level (m) bgl
14.70 9.74 13.370 9.38 6.87 12.99
6. Discharge (lps)
1.60 2.30 0.370 8.00 11.50 4.20
7. Draw down (m)
42.00 42.19 -- 15.11 11.99 18.96
8. Transmissivity (m2/day)
(a) Pumping Test
1.53 -- 0.158 -- -- --
(b) Slug test 5.54 -- 1.719 14.32 -- --
Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
3.4.6 PRESENT GROUND WATER SCENARIO IN THE BLOCK
Present ground water scenario in and around the block under reference is
assessed from the fifty three (48) open dug wells. These open dug wells are used for
potable water consumption. The water level in these wells represents hydraulic head
of water table aquifers. The hydraulic heads of all observed wells are calibrated to
reduced level. The hydraulic head of all hydrograph stations are connected to
construct water table contour map (Figure- 3.2). It is observed from the Fig. that the
water table configuration of the area more or less coincides with surface topography.
The ground water level recorded from the open dug well in and around the project
area (buffer zone) ranges from 0.70 to 12.50 m bgl for the pre-monsoon.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 31
Figure 3.2: Water level contour map of Pre monsoon season in and around Basundhara West Extn. OCP, Ib Valley coalfield, Odisha
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 32
Table 3.24 : Pre-Monsoon Details of Hydrograph Stations in and around Basundhara west Extension OCP, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha
Well No Village Name Location Pvt. or Govt./ Owner name
Type of Well Well Lining Physical topogra-
phical setting
Diameter of well
(m)
Height of Parapet
from Ground (m)
Total depth
including parapet
(m)
Depth to water below
ground level (m)
GT084 Baghabari Back side centre Jibardhan Pradhan,s
residence back side Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 5.59 1.20 5.45 2.50
GT083 Ratanpur
(Majhapada) Near village pond. Near Parameswar
Nayak's residence Govt Dug well Brick + R.R. Plane ground 3.02 0.15 7.54 3.55
GT081 Ratansara Out side of village near mango tree Govt Dug well Random rubble masonry without plaster up to last
Plane ground 4.57 N.A. 4.74 3.60
GT079 Badibahal At the side of road to Himgiri Govt Dug well Brick parapet + R.R Plane ground 2.30 0.71 9.79 4.24
GT077 Kandadhua 150m from the road to Chhatisgarh ( In paddy field approach from end of the
village) Govt Dug well
Random rubble with cement plaster
Plane ground 2.50 1.35 3.16 1.50
GT075 Dhanarasi At the end of the village Govt Dug well Brick Plane ground 2.50 0.73 8.84 5.47
GT074 Nuadih Road to Himgiri side Govt Dug well Brick lining with top
plaster Plane ground 3.05 0.71 13.21 12.50
GT073 Balbaspur 200m. From the end of the village. 50-
60 m. from road Private Dug well
Random rubble masonry
Plane ground 4.92 0.30 6.08 1.50
GT070 Chitkendhipa Agricultural field Private Dug well Random laterite stone Plane ground 3.48 0.40 3.24 7.20
GT069 Patrapali Before beginning of village Govt Dug well Brick lining and R. R.
lining Plane ground 1.89 0.60 6.70 2.90
GT066 Podajhalanga Just at the entrance to village Govt Dug well R.R.top 1m plastered Plane on slope
tarrain 2.76 0.60 7.96 5.90
GT065 Telendihi Right side of entrance to Telendihi just
after Basundhara Nala Govt Dug well
R.R. with in side plaster
Plane ground 1.79 0.81 6.39 4.29
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 33
Well No Village Name Location Pvt. or Govt./ Owner name
Type of Well Well Lining Physical topogra-
phical setting
Diameter of well
(m)
Height of Parapet
from Ground (m)
Total depth
including parapet
(m)
Depth to water below
ground level (m)
GT064 Rengalpani Back side of village (Unused . Needs
cleaning Govt Dug well
Random rouble masonry with cement
plaster Hilly area 4.52 0.30 8.20 2.60
GT062 Bhograkachhar In the middle of village Govt Dug well Random rouble
masonry with cement plaster
Hilly area 2.50 1.20 8.41 7.21
GT056 Kenajhor On the land of Kabru Oram .Back side
of village Private Dug well
Brick lining .72m and R.R.
Plane ground 2.69 0.86 2.72 3.84
GT054 Sahaspur Just before end of the village backside Govt Dug well R. R. lining Plane ground 4.04 0.73 7.39 6.27
GT053 Ustali Back side of village Govt Dug well Random rubble
masonry with nearly 2.5 m. plastering
Plane ground 2.37 0.97 9.43 8.03
GT052 Jhulenbarh Near school building Govt Dug well R.R. with cement
mortar up to 2.20m Plane ground 2.53 0.58 10.18 8.42
GT051 Kenduadihi (Nuapada)
Towards Hemgiri Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 2.07 0.88 11.92 5.12
GT050 Tumbajore At the end of the village Govt Dug well Random rubble
masonry with cement plaster
Plane ground 3.15 0.68 10.19 6.22
GT049A Kundren Back side of mid village Private Dug well Brick lining 2.28m R.
R. lining 4.34m. Plane ground 6.00 0.15 7.28 6.85
GT047 Kund Mid of Bastipada Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.76 0.90 7.97 5.25
GT046 Jhupranga In the mid of road side Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.20 0.50 7.08 3.50
GT045 Gaddwar At the beginning of village right side of
entrance road to village Govt Dug well
R.R. lining without plaster
Plane ground 1.50 0.54 3.94 6.46
GT044 Tumalia College campus Govt Dug well Brick lining and Random Rouble
masonry lining (8.67m) Plane ground 4.35 1.02 11.95 7.40
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 34
Well No Village Name Location Pvt. or Govt./ Owner name
Type of Well Well Lining Physical topogra-
phical setting
Diameter of well
(m)
Height of Parapet
from Ground (m)
Total depth
including parapet
(m)
Depth to water below
ground level (m)
GT043 Bangurkela End of the village Govt Dug well R. R. lining with 0.8m
plastering inside Plane ground 2.00 0.84 8.84 6.96
GT042 Garjanbahal Gondpara Govt Dug well Brick lining without
plaster Plane ground 1.96 0.93 9.14 7.07
GT041 Kasura In primary school campus Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.50 Not
constructed 9.08 6.00
GT040 Barpali Just at the beginning of village
Harijanpada Govt Dug well
Brick lining 5.61 m Rouble masonry 2.95
m. Plane ground 2.89 0.64 8.56 3.86
GT038 Bankibahal Near the village pond out side the
village Govt Dug well
Brick lining with rest r. r. lining
Plane ground 1.15 Not
constructed 3.46 5.60
GT035A Sambaripinda Centre of the village Govt Dug Well Brick Plane ground 1.77 1.04 8.93 6.20
GT035 Sardega Right side of entrance road of village Private Dug well Brick Plane 5.00 0.20 7.10 5.70
GT032 Gopalpur Refer sketch Govt Dug well R.R. Plane ground 3.53 Not
constructed 3.61 3.40
GT030 Garjanjhor Adjacent to village pond at the end of
the village Private Dug well
Random rouble masonry with cement
plaster Plane ground 3.00 0.20 2.35 0.70
GT029 Chhatabal In the middle of village Govt Dug well Brick lining with cement plaster
Plane ground 2.00 1.60 10.10 4.20
GT028 Kuanrikela Beginning of the village 100m. From
Hemgiri road near a pond Govt Dug well
Laterite masonary lining
Plane ground 3.52 0.10 3.11 5.20
GT027 Belaimunda Rajapada well Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 2.27 0.45 5.25 4.30
GT025 Luabahal Back side of Luabahal High school Govt Dug well Brick lining with cement plaster
Plane ground 2.28 0.78 12.56 7.90
GT014 Kalatpani On the road side to Dhanuapada Govt Dug well R.R. with parapet
plaster Plane on hilly
tarrain 2.94 0.82 4.91 1.18
GT013 Salingijharia Beginning of the village Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane on hilly
tarrain 1.30 0.60 6.55 2.70
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 35
Well No Village Name Location Pvt. or Govt./ Owner name
Type of Well Well Lining Physical topogra-
phical setting
Diameter of well
(m)
Height of Parapet
from Ground (m)
Total depth
including parapet
(m)
Depth to water below
ground level (m)
GT012 Titheitanagar Out side of village Private Dug well R. Rubble lining 1.1m + Brick lining 3.16m +
R.R. lining 1.6 m.
On agricultural field and on hilly tarrain
2.71 0.46 5.42 3.54
GT010 Kahachuan On the junction of the road Private Dug well R. Rubble lining Plane on hilly
tarrain 2.95
Not constructed
5.77 4.44
GT006 Bileibahal Mid village road side Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.36 0.79 7.82 4.36
GT004 Bihamol End of the village Govt Dug well R. R. lining with
0.75m. Plastering Plane ground 4.85 0.44 7.06 3.66
GT003 Siarmal Between Sargidhipa & School Dhipa Govt Dug well Brick lining 7.34 m
R.R. without plaster 2.0m
sloping ground 1.48 Not
constructed 3.41 2.90
GT002 Jharpalam In the middle of village Govt Dug well Brick lining top 0.75
cement plaster Plane ground 2.34 1.52 10.36 9.38
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 36
3.4.7 HISTORICAL GROUND WATER LEVEL TRENDS
As groundwater level data are temporal and dynamic in nature and is mainly
controlled by rainfall pattern in relation to the aquifer material. So, long term
groundwater level data becomes the principal source of information about hydrologic
stresses affecting groundwater recharge, storage and discharge. Ground water levels
are controlled by the balance among recharge to, storage in and discharge from an
aquifer. Physical properties such as porosity, permeability and thickness of the
aquifer affect this balance. When the rate of recharge to an aquifer exceeds the rate
of discharge, water levels will rise. Conversely, when the rate of groundwater
withdrawal or discharge is greater than the rate of groundwater recharge, the water
stored in the aquifer becomes depleted and water levels will decline. Water levels in
many aquifer follow a cyclic pattern of season fluctuation, typically rising during post
monsoon season due to precipitation and recharge and declining during pre
monsoon season owing to less recharge.
To evaluate the behaviour of long term groundwater level trends, long term
water level data from the permanent observation well CMPDI have been referred in
this report. To study the long term water level trends hydrograph of Sardega village
dug well has been drawn. Long term pre monsoon and post monsoon water level
are shown in the table given below and the hydrogrph of these stations are shown in
Figure 3.3. Long term groundwater levels as monitored by Environment Monitoring
Cell, RI-VII, CMPDI at village Sardega.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 3, Page - 37
Table – 3.25: Long term water level data of Sardega village dug well,
Ib valley coalfield.
Year pre monsoon
(WL in mbgl)
post monsoon
(WL in mbgl)
2001 5.49 3.61
2002 5.25 2.85
2003 5.36 1.25
2004 4.45 1.35
2005 6.80 1.15
2006 6.90 1.80
2007 5.20 2.55
2008 5.80 1.95
2009 7.65 -
2010 - 3.20
2011 4.20 3.44
2012 4.70 3.64
2013 4.44 2.95
2014 3.32 2.89
2015 6.86 2.90
2016 7.19 3.06
2017 3.38 2.01 Source: Routine Environmental monitoring cell, Environment Department, CMPDI
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 38
The interpretations of the historical groundwater level data available from the
observation well (Sardega village dug well) are as follows:
i. Sardega village dug well
Pre monsoon water level trend shows a marginal increasing
trend which signifies that the groundwater is not affected by
the overall groundwater utilization with the increasing
population and by mining.
The post monsoon water level trend shows a marginal
decreasing trend which signifies that the groundwater is a bit
affected by the overwall utilization by the population.
The long-term pre monsoon water level varies from 3.32 to
7.65 mbgl and post monsoon water level varies from 1.15 to
3.44 mbgl.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 39
Figure 3.3: Hydrograph of Sardega villge dug well, Ib valley coalfield (Approximately 1.70 kms East from Basundhara west extension block boundary)
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 40
3.5 NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Noise level assessment
The present ambient noise level assessment for the project has been
carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Limited, Lucknow during
November 2017 to February 2018. The results of noise level measurement
have been incorporated in this chapter.
Location of noise level measurement stations
Ten spots/stations were selected for measuring the noise levels. The
locations of noise level measurement stations are shown in Plate No.-XIII
and details are given below:
Table 3.26: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations
Station Code Noise level in dB(A)
Maximum Minimum Day (leq) Night (leq)
Ambient Noise Level (dBA)
N1 Telendih 62.5 49.9 58.9 52.3
N2 Tiklipara 54.8 42.3 52.3 43.1
N3 Rampia 58.9 43.9 54.7 44.8
N4 Sumura 55.9 40.7 51.6 41.5
N5 Chakarpur 57.8 41.4 53.9 43.7
N6 Kanikalan 55.6 41.7 52.3 42.4
N7 Mundelkhet 56.9 41.9 53.9 43.8
N8 Ghogharpali 57.9 42.5 54.1 43.6
N9 Patrapalli 56.5 42 51.2 44.8
Frequency of noise level measurement
The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out day and night as
given below:
Sl. No. Time (hrs.) Duration (in min.)
1 08:00-11:00 30
2 14:00-17:00 30
3 18:00-21:00 30
4 24:00-03:00 30
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 41
Methodology and instrument used for noise level measurement
Ambient noise level monitoring was done by an integrating sound level
meter (CR-275) of Cirrus Research Plc., U.K. in dBA. Noise measurements were
made at a height of 1.5m, above the ground and away from sound reflecting
sources like walls, buildings etc.
Results: The noise level measurements from above stations are given below:
Table 3.27: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations
Station Code
Location Name
Noise level in dB(A)
Day (Leq)
Permissi-ble limit
Night (Leq)
Permissi-ble limit
N1 Telendih 58.9 75 52.3 70.0
N2 Tiklipara 52.3 55 43.1 45.0
N3 Rampia 54.7 55 44.8 45.0
N4 Sumura 51.6 55 41.5 45.0
N5 Chakarpur 53.9 55 43.7 45.0
N6 Kanikalan 52.3 55 42.4 45.0
N7 Mundelkhet 53.9 55 43.8 45.0
N8 Ghogharpali 54.1 55 43.6 45.0
N9 Patrapalli 51.2 55 44.8 45.0
Observation
Noise level measurements from various stations as mentioned above
and it is found that noise level at all villages are within permissible limits of the
prescribed standards for both day-time and night-time.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 42
3.6 LAND USE/COVER PATTERN 3.6.1 LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION
The land use/cover classification (Plate No.-X) for the core and buffer zone
of the project based on satellite data interpretation has been given in following
table.
Table 3.28- LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION
Classes Core Zone Buffer Zone
Level-I Level-II Area (Km2)
% of Total Area (Km2)
% of Total
Forest Land
Dense Forest 0.00 0.00 57.85 14.56
Open Forest 0.57 17.70 126.01 31.71
Total Forest Land 0.57 17.70 183.86 46.27
Scrubs 1.26 39.15 67.70 17.03
Plantation Area
Social Forestry 0.01 0.19 1.79 0.45
Plantation on OB 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01
Plantation on Backfill 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Plantation Area 0.01 0.19 1.82 0.46
Total Vegetation 1.84 57.04 253.38 63.76
Agriculture Land
Crop land 0.0 1 0. 19 13.84 3.48
Fallow Land 0.52 1 6. 14 89.86 22.61
Total Agriculture Land 0.53 16.33 103.70 26.09
Waste Land
Waste Land 0.83 26.1 5 23.28 5.86
Sand Body 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05
Total Waste Land 0.83 26.15 23.48 5.91
Mining Area
Coal Quarry 0.00 0.00 3.09 0.78
Barren OB Dump 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.25
Back Filled Area 0.00 0.00 1.1 7 0.29
Coal Dump 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.14
Advance quarry 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01
Water Filled Quarry 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.17
Total Mining Area 0.00 0.00 6.51 1.64
Settlements
Urban Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.05
Rural Settlements 0.02 0.48 3.47 0.87
Industrial Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05
Total Settlement Area 0.62 0.48 3.86 0.97
Water Body River/ Ponds 0.00 0.00 6.52 1.63
Total Area 3.22 100.00 397.45 100.00
Source: CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi: Land Use/ Cover Map of Core & Buffer Zones of is based
on Satellite IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 43
3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCENARIO
The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and
secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s VRDS
CONSULTANTS, Chennai .The study area comprises of rural area of district
Sundergarh, Odisha.
3.7.1 METHODOLOGY
The study of Socio-economic environment is an integral part of
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The study includes Social profile,
Economic, Infrastructure facilities, Occupational health survey, Occurrence of
historical / Archaeological sites and presence of important features of the study
area (Core zone and Buffer zone, 10 Km radius from mine lease area). Census
2011 Village boundary map is used as a reference for identifying the villages. All
the information is collected from the census and reported.
To validate the census 2011 data, household survey of 253 houses was
collectedby floating questionnaire to the residence and local people / Village head
(Mukhia/Sarpanch) of different project affectedvillages.Sample size varies as per
need, time and convenience. Occupational health status of the above for the
different age group and sex was also collected and got authenticated by area
Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital.
3.7.2 RATIONALE BEHIND SAMPLING
Villages were chosen as per convenience of team and response of localities.
In addition, accessibility to the villages was considered. Project affected villages
were selected for House Hold Survey to know the effect of the project on them.
3.7.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
There are two villages (Ratansara and Gopalpur) in core zone and 58
villages in buffer zone.Following is the details of number of villages with population
in core zone, within 500 m of study area and buffer zone.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 44
Table-3.29: Zone wise village details
Zone / Area Number of Villages Total
Households Total Population
Area
(Hectares)
Core Zone 2 1309 4884 2294.01
< 500 M - - - -
Buffer Zone 58 8762 35376 18870.19
3.7.4 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA
The study area comprises 60 villages, with a total populationof 40260
persons. Summary of the same is given below.
Table-3.30: Demographic Profile of the Study Area
State District Tahsil Villages in
Core Zone
Villages in
Buffer Zone
ODISHA Sundargarh Hemgir 2 52
Lephripara 0 6
Total 2 58
3.7.5 SOCIAL PROFILE
3.7.5.1 POPULATION CASTE WISE BREAKUP
The data is available for individual caste, as per the notified list of SCs
and STs for each village. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and
figurative form.
Table-3.31: Summary Caste distribution
Zone
Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe
Population Male Female Population Male Female Population Male Female
Core
Zone
4884 2462 2422 710 365 345 2557 1256 1301
50.41% 49.59% 14.54% 7.47% 7.06% 52.35% 25.72% 26.64%
Buffer
Zone
35376 17849 17527 4954 2510 2444 15743 7857 7886
50.46% 49.54% 14.00% 7.10% 6.91% 44.50% 22.21% 22.29%
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 45
Fig-3.4: Caste distribution
3.7.5.2 LITERACY WISE BREAKUP
Literacy rates are considered as a crucial measure of the value of a
region's human capital. Literate people can be more easily trained than illiterate
people, and generally have a higher socioeconomic status; thus they enjoy better
health and employment prospects. Literacy can increase job opportunities and
access to higher education
The data for literates and illiterates of each village is available in cencus. Below
is the summary of the same data, in tabular and figurative form.
Table-3.32: Summary Literacy Status
Zone Total Literates Illiterates
Population Male Female Population Male Female
Core Zone 4884
2933 1658 1275 1951 804 1147
60.05% 33.95% 26.11% 39.95% 16.46% 23.48%
Buffer Zone 35376
23713 13291 10422 11663 4558 7105
67.03% 37.57% 29.46% 32.97% 12.88% 20.08%
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 46
Fig-3.5: Literacy distribution
3.7.6 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Average household size is 4 persons per family, in the study area.
Avg_HH_Size = (Total Population) / (No of Households)
Below is the summary of the same.
Table 3.33: Summary Avg - HH size
Zone No of Households Total Population Avg_HH_Size (Persons)
Core Zone 1309 4884 4
Buffer Zone 8762 35376 4
3.7.7 SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is an indicator of social status. In places where women have a
better social status, there the difference between the numbers of male and female
is less, the ratio is found to be close to 1:1.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 47
Below is the summary of the same data in tabular form, representing number of
female every1000 male.
Sex ratio = (Number of females*1000) / (Number of males)
Table-3.34: Summary sex ratio
Zone TOTAL SC ST
Core Zone 984 945 1036
Buffer Zone 982 974 1003
The ideal sex ratio is 1:1. From the above table, it can be observed that in study
area, the number of female per 1000 male is less than required except Scheduled
Tribe (ST).
3.7.8 ECONOMIC PROFILE
3.7.8.1 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The census classifies workers into two groups, namely, ‘Main workers’
and ‘Marginal workers’. Main Workers are those who have worked for the major
part of the reference period, i.e. 6 months or more. Marginal Workers are those
who have not worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6
months.
The main/marginal workers are classifiedbased on Industrial category of workers
in following four categories:
Cultivators
Agricultural Laborers
Household Industry Workers
Other Workers
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 48
3.7.8.2 CULTIVATORS
For purpose of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she
is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from
private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation
includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out
her/his land to another person or persons or institution(s) for cultivation for money,
kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivate on land,
is not treated as cultivator.
3.7.8.3 AGRICULTURAL LABORERS
A person who works on another person’s land for wages in money or kind
or share is regarded as an agricultural laborer. She or he has no risk in the
cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agricultural
laborer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works.
3.7.8.4 HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS
Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more
members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only
within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The
larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of the
household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory where more
than 10 persons with power or 20 persons without power is in use as it would
qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. The main criterion of
a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more
members of a household. Even if the industry is not actually located at home in
rural areas there is a greater possibility of the members of the household
participating even if it is located anywhere within the village limits. In the urban
areas, where organized industry takes greater prominence, the Household Industry
should be confined to the precincts of the house where the participants live.
3.7.8.5 OTHER WORKERS
Workers other than cultivators, agricultural laborers or workers in
Household Industry, as defined above are termed as ‘Other Workers’ (OW).
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 49
Examples of such type of workers are government servants, municipal employees,
teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce,
business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests,
entertainment artists, etc. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and
figurative form.
Table-3.35: Summary Worker classification
Core Zone
WORKING
TOT 2409 49.32%
NON_WORKERS
TOT 2475 50.68%
M 1496 30.63% M 966 19.78%
F 913 18.69% F 1509 30.90%
MAIN_WORK
TOT 1870 38.29%
MARG_WORK
TOT 539 11.04%
M 1263 25.86% M 233 4.77%
F 607 12.43% F 306 6.27%
MAIN_CULT
TOT 485 25.94%
MARG_CULT
TOT 61 11.32%
M 467 24.97% M 56 10.39%
F 18 0.96% F 5 0.93%
MAIN_AGR
TOT 1026 54.87%
MARG_AGR
TOT 372 69.02%
M 498 26.63% M 107 19.85%
F 528 28.24% F 265 49.17%
MAIN_HH
TOT 37 1.98%
MARG_HH
TOT 2 0.37%
M 23 1.23% M 1 0.19%
F 14 0.75% F 1 0.19%
MAIN_OTHERS
TOT 322 17.22%
MARG_OTHERS
TOT 104 19.29%
M 275 14.71% M 69 12.80%
F 47 2.51% F 35 6.49%
Buffer Zone
WORKING TOT 18267 51.64%
NON_WORKERS TOT 17109 48.36%
M 10953 30.96% M 6896 19.49%
F 7314 20.68% F 10213 28.87%
MAIN_WORK TOT 10675 30.18%
MARG_WORK TOT 7592 21.46%
M 8488 23.99% M 2465 6.97%
F 2187 6.18% F 5127 14.49%
MAIN_CULT TOT 4212 39.46%
MARG_CULT TOT 1204 15.86%
M 3673 34.41% M 355 4.68%
F 539 5.05% F 849 11.18%
MAIN_AGR TOT 2512 23.53%
MARG_AGR TOT 5227 68.85%
M 1589 14.89% M 1462 19.26%
F 923 8.65% F 3765 49.59%
MAIN_HH TOT 239 2.24%
MARG_HH TOT 105 1.38%
M 166 1.56% M 48 0.63%
F 73 0.68% F 57 0.75%
MAIN_OTHERS TOT 3712 34.77%
MARG_OTHERS TOT 1056 13.91%
M 3060 28.67% M 600 7.90%
F 652 6.11% F 456 6.01%
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 50
Fig-3.6: Work Wise Classification
The number of female workers is less than the number of male workers.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 51
3.7.9 INFRASTRUCTURE PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA
Infrastructure refers to structures, systems, and facilities serving the
economy of a business, industry, country, city, town, or area, including the services
and facilities necessary for its economy to function. Its typically to characterize the
existence or condition of costly 'technical structures' such as
roads, bridges, tunnels, or other constructed facilities such as loading docks, cold
storage chambers, electrical capacity, fuel tanks, cranes, overhead clearances, or
components of water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so
forth. Infrastructure thus consists of improvements with significant cost to develop
or install that return an important value over time.
Note: If infrastructure facility is not available within the village, the data
corresponding to distance range code of nearest place where facility is available is
given. Range is classified into within 5 km from village boundary, 5-10 km from
village boundary and > 10 Km from village boundary.
3.7.9.1 WATER SUPPLY
Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, recreational, and
environmental activities. Providing a better water supply can significantly improve
the quality of life and is a source of, and the condition for, a socio-economic
development. Some diseases are related to insufficient or unsafe water, together
with local factors as climate, density of population, local practices etc.
Table-3.35: Water supply details
Available in village
Not Available in village
Water Supply Availability
Tap Water-Treated 0 58
Tap Water Untreated 16 42
Covered Well 0 58
Uncovered Well 57 1
Hand Pump 57 1
Tube Wells/Borehole 0 58
Spring 13 45
River/Canal 17 41
Tank/Pond/Lake 53 5
Others 0 58
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 52
It is seen from the above, that treated water is not available to any village
of the study area. Also, covered well and Tube well / Boreholeisnot present in
anyvillage. The main source of drinking water is uncovered well and Hand Pumps
for 57 villages.
3.7.9.2 MEDICAL CENTER SERVICES
A greater component of medical effort is devoted to improving the quality
of life, or more accurately, to prevent or to minimize the poor quality of life
associated with chronic disease: to the relief of pain, disfigurement, and
disability.
The medical center services & amenities availability for various purposes
in study area. Below is the summary for the same.
Table 3.36: Health amenities availability within village
S.No.
Amenities Within Village
<5 km from village
5 to10 km from village
>10 km from village
1 Community Health Centre 0 1 4 53
2 Primary Health Centre 0 11 34 13
3 Primary Heallth Sub Centre 6 12 30 10
4 Maternity And Child Welfare Centre
1 0 3 54
5 TB Clinic 1 0 6 51
6 Hospital Allopathic 1 1 3 53
7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 0 0 5 53
8 Dispensary 1 0 10 47
9 Veterinary Hospital 0 1 6 51
10 Mobile Health Clinic 0 0 4 54
11 Family Welfare Centre 1 0 0 57
It is seen from the above that, the medical facilities are very poor in the
study area. These are available within the range of more than 10 Kms. for most
of the villages. Community health care centre, Primary health centre, Hospital
alternative medicine, Veterinary Hospital and mobile health clinic isnot present in
any village.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 53
Maternity And Child Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda
TB Clinic is present only in Gopalpur
Hospital Allopathic is present only in Bilaimunda
Dispensary is present only in Tunulia
Family Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda
As Cattle play a major role in source of income, the availability of
veterinary hospitals becomes crucial. Veterinary Hospital is not availablein any
village.
Most of the medical facilities are availableat more than 10 kms distance from
most of the villages.
3.7.9.3 EDUCATION INSTITUTE STATUS
The educational institute availability in study area. Below is the summary
for the same.
Table 3.37: Education facility availability
Within village
<5 km from
village
5-10 km from
village
>10 km from
village
N.A. in census
Educational Facility
Pre-Primary School 1 4 23 29 3
Primary School 52 4 2 0 2
Middle School 24 22 12 0 2
Secondary School 9 24 25 0 2
Senior Secondary School 2 11 18 27 2
Arts and Science Degree College
1 8 15 34 2
Engineering College 0 1 1 56 2
Medicine College 0 0 0 58 2
Management Institute 0 0 0 58 2
Polytechnic 0 0 0 58 2
Vocational Training School/ITI
0 1 0 56 3
Government Non Formal Training Centre
0 0 0 54 6
Government School For Disabled
0 1 0 55 4
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 54
From above, it can be seen that availability of Education facility is poor
expect Primary School.Engineering College, Medicine College, Management
Institute, Polytechnic,Vocational training school, Government Non-Formal Training
Centre and Government School for Disabled are not available in any village of the
study area.. It is available within the range of more than 10 kms distance.
Pre-Primary School is available only in Tikilipara
Arts and Science Degree College is available only in Tumulia
3.7.9.4 POWER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY
The power supply availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the
summary for the same.
Table-3.38: Power supply availability
Sl No. Type of Power Supply Available in
village
Not
Available in
village
1 Power- Domestic
48 10
2 Power - Agriculture
19 39
3 Power- Commercial
30 28
4 Power- All Users
19 39
Power supply for domestic use is good which is available for maximum
numbers (48) of villages. For agriculture, commercial and all usersitis available
in less than 50% of the villages.
3.7.9.5 COMMUNICATION SERVICES
A decisive role can be played by communication in promoting human
development in today's new climate of social change. The communication
services availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the summary for
the same.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 55
Table-3.39: Communication amenities availability within village
Amenities Within
village
<5 km from
village
5-10 km
from village
>10 km
from village
Post Office 8 2 4 44
Sub Post Office 1 6 28 23
Post and Telegraph Office 4 0 0 54
Landline 19 9 16 14
PCO 20 9 16 13
Mobile Phone Coverage 57 0 1 0
Internet Cafes 4 7 11 36
Private Courier Facility 3 7 11 37
The communication services availability for various purposes in study area is very
poor except Mobile Phone coverage, PCO and Landline.
3.7.9.6 TRANSPORT SERVICES
Without effective transportation, regions are largely isolated from each
other. Effective, affordable transportation also plays a role in letting people move
to new area.
The transport services availability in study area. Below is the summary for the
same.
Table-3.39(a): Transport amenities availability within village
S.No. Amenities Within Village
< 5 km 5 to 10 km >10 km
1 Public Bus Service 21 2 5 30
2 Private Bus Service 26 10 16 6
3 Railway Station 0 0 0 58
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 56
The availability of transport facilities is very poor. Private / public bus services for
communication looks better than railway services. People use their own vehicles for
transport purpose.
3.7.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY
Occupational health survey deals with all aspects of health and safety in
the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. The health
of the workers has several determinants, including risk factors at the workplace
leading to accidents, cancers, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases,
hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress related disorders and communicable
diseases etc.
Occupational health refers to the identification and control of the risks
arising from physical, chemical, and other workplace hazards in order to establish
and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. These hazards may include
chemical agents or solvents, heavy metals such as lead or mercury, physical
agents such as loud noise or vibration, and physical hazards such as electricity or
dangerous machinery.
Coal fly ashes (CFA) are complex particles of a variable composition,
which is mainly dependent on the combustion process, the source of coal and the
precipitation technique. Toxic constituents in these particles are considered metals,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and silica. Silica (crystalline) is considered as
human carcinogen.
Table-3.40:Health status of the area as per Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital
Disease 0-5 years 5 - 18 years 18 - 40 years > 40 Years
Silicosis N N N N
Pneumonias N N N N
Asthma Y Y Y Y
Hypertension N N Y Y
Sugar N N Y Y
TB N N N N
Malaria Y Y Y Y
Cholera N N N N
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 57
Jaundice Y Y Y Y
Diarrhea Y Y Y Y
Chicken Pox Y N N N
Skin Disease Y Y Y Y
Paralytic Attack N N Y Y
Heart Attack N N N Y
Sinusitis Y Y Y Y
Arthritis N N Y Y
Anemia (Sickelcell) N Y Y Y
There is no qualified (MBBS) medical practitioner available within the
surveyed villages. Also, the villagers don’t have proper record of their medical
history. Out of the surveyed villagers nobody has reported chronic diseases. It is
observed that Asthma, Hypertension, Diabetes and arthritic are common in people
of old age group (> 40 years). Malaria, Jaundice, Dysentery/Diarrhea and Skin
diseases are common in all age groups.
The diseases are commonly prevailing in the general population
irrespective of their occupation.
For healthy life, prevention is better than cure. So, one should maintain
hygiene, balanced diet, regular exercise and lifestyle modification to reduce the
stress. The water should be used after boiling and filtrations for drinking purpose.
The respondents have reported dissatisfaction over sanitation. The
stagnation of water and garbage is a major problem. The mosquito menace is also
a major problem. People should use mosquito net or coils.
3.7.11 HOUSE HOLD SURVEY
253 households of 5 villages with a population of 1050 consisting of 557
males and 493 females were surveyed for below data.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 58
Table-3.41: Surveyed Village Demographic Profile
Village Total HH Total Pop Total M Total F Lit M Lit F
Garjanbahal 70 277 152 125 135 78
Bolinga 26 108 58 50 51 35
Haldibahal 77 338 168 170 151 85
Bangurkela 50 203 113 90 105 64
Jhupranga 30 124 66 58 47 29
Total 253 1050 557 493 489 291
Table-3.42: Surveyed Village Social Profile
Village Total
_M
Total
_F SC_M SC_F ST_M ST_F
OBC_
M
OBC_
F
Other
s_M
Othe
r_F
Garjanbahal 152 125 3 1 88 70 41 29 0 0
Bolinga 58 50 17 12 37 33 2 2 0 0
Haldibahal 168 170 13 12 140 149 15 9 0 0
Bangurkela 113 90 0 0 67 54 46 36 0 0
Jhupranga 66 58 0 0 66 58 0 0 0 0
Total 557 493 33 25 398 364 104 76 0 0
% 52.60
%
46.55
% 3.12% 2.36% 37.58% 34.37% 9.82% 7.18% 0.00%
0.00
%
Table-3.43: Surveyed Village Economic profile
Village
Primary Source Secondary Source Avg
Annual
Income Business Job Agri Govt Labour Business Job Agri Govt Labour
Garjanbahal 0 37 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 179329
Bolinga 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 286539
Haldibahal 3 9 13 0 52 0 0 0 0 14 50338
Bangurkela 0 0 20 0 30 0 0 0 0 12 24310
Jhupranga 0 13 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 5 93017
Total 3 85 66 0 99 0 0 0 0 48 126707
Basic amenities are available within the distance of 10 Km.
Infrastructure for primary education is available within the villages.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 59
Medical amenities is available within the range of >10 kms
People are using Poultry, Goat, Cow Buffalo and Bull as source of income.
Most houses do not have their own toilet facilities and use open land in the
village for this purpose. There are no public toilets in the villages.
Tap, hand pumps and wells are the sources of water. The quality of water is
reasonably well. The difficulty arises in summer when the hand pumps do
not yield even half of the normal water supply.
The villages are connected with Electric lines. The villages are connected
with Electric lines but power is intermittently supplied as in all rural areas of
the state particularly in summer season.
The fuel for cooking purpose is L.P.G, kerosene, Coal or Firewood.
Most of the villages are connected with fair weather (tar/mud) roads with
state transport facilities. Motor cycles, Cycles are used for traveling
purposes. Tractors, Trucks are used for carrying materials.
During survey, it is observed that, people are very conservative about
informing their income.
The maximum expenses are on food and clothing.
3.7.12 PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OPINION ABOUT THE PROJECT
Most of the respondents are aware about the project. 75% respondents
have favorable opinion, 20 % have unfavorable opinion and 5 % have not given
any opinion.
The respondentswereasked to opine about the project. They expect
increase in job opportunities, improvement in educational, transport, medical,
housing, sanitation facilities.
Unfavorable opinion can be attributed to increase in environmental
pollution, crimes and increase in the cost of commodities.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 60
3.8 SOIL QUALITY STUDY
Soil quality study was carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Report
on primary baseline data on soil quality is given below:
Table – 3.44: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION
S. No. Location Name Station Code
1 Telendih Village KES 1
2 Ratansara Village KES 2
3 Gopalpur Village KES 3
4 Tikilipara Village KES 4
Table – 3.45: SOIL QUALITY DATA
Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018
Station code KES 1
Telendih Village
Sl. No. PARAMETERS Results
30 cm 60 cm 90 cm
1 pH 7.09 7.16 7.01
2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 161.00 183.00 100.00
3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 116.00 102.00 96.00
4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 6.30 5.20 4.50
5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 96.00 102.00 90.00
6 SAR 2.90 1.95 2.25
7 WHC (%) 16.00 19.00 16.50
8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.790 0.650 0.090
9 Specific Gravity 1.77 1.70 1.85
10 Field capaicity 24.10 25.30 29.20
11 Wilting Coefficient 10.00 12.00 9.45
12 Grain Size Distribution
a) Textural Class Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay
b) Sand (%) 42 45 50
c) Silt (%) 23 25 21
d) Clay (%) 35 30 29
13 Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g)
9.85 7.11 8.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 61
Table-3.46: SOIL QUALITY DATA
Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018
Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018
Station code KES 2 Ratansara Village
Sl. No. PARAMETERS Results
30 cm 60 cm 90 cm
1 pH 7.63 7.49 7.70
2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 105.00 110.00 129.00
3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 121.00 90.00 82.00
4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 4.50 4.10 3.56
5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 186.00 181.00 173.00
6 SAR 3.10 3.85 3.60
7 WHC (%) 32.00 30.20 34.50
8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.880 0.720 0.220
9 Specific Gravity 1.30 1.40 1.60
10 Field capaicity 50.20 52.01 46.20
11 Wilting Coefficient 12.20 10.50 9.21
12 Grain Size Distribution
a) Textural Class Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay
Sandy Clay
b) Sand (%) 34 30 36
c) Silt (%) 46 40 51
d) Clay (%) 20 30 13
13 Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g)
7.10 7.56 11.00
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 62
Table-3.47: SOIL QUALITY DATA
Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018
Station Code KES 3
Gopalpur Village
Sl. No. PARAMETERS Results
30 cm 60 cm 90 cm
1 pH 7.11 7.19 7.06
2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 101.00 145.00 140.00
3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 167.00 155.00 148.02
4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 13.40 10.20 6.50
5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 63.30 75.00 48.00
6 SAR 2.56 2.90 2.33
7 WHC (%) 36.50 35.75 32.90
8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.960 0.750 0.460
9 Specific Gravity 1.84 1.69 1.77
10 Field capaicity 40.30 35.50 38.10
11 Wilting Coefficient 16.30 18.50 17.40
12 Grain Size Distribution
a) Textural Class Sandy Loam
Sandy Loam Sandy
b) Sand (%) 41 38 44
c) Silt (%) 26 27 30
d) Clay (%) 33 35 26
13 Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g)
14.20 12.50 10.80
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 63
Table-3.48: SOIL QUALITY DATA
Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018
Station Code KES 4 Tikilipara Village
Sl. No. PARAMETERS Results
30 cm 60 cm 90 cm
1 pH 6.98 7.12 6.89
2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 155.00 146.00 160.00
3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 142.00 124.00 133.00
4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 5.60 4.87 4.50
5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 188.00 195.00 184.00
6 SAR 2.46 2.40 2.35
7 WHC (%) 32.01 28.50 36.90
8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.540 0.350 0.070
9 Specific Gravity 1.20 1.45 1.60
10 Field capaicity 42.00 38.70 43.60
11 Wilting Coefficient 12.30 14.10 10.20
12 Grain Size Distribution
a) Textural Class Loam Loam Sandy Loam
b) Sand (%) 40 52 46
c) Silt (%) 29 33 24
d) Clay (%) 31 25 30
13 Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g)
14.10 12.50 8.90
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 64
3.9 INFORMATION ON BIO-DIVERSITY
Base line monitoring data for flora and fauna was done by M/s VRDS
Consultants, Chennei. The study was conducted during November 2017 to
February 2018.
3.9.1 METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF FLORA
For carrying out floral study, quadrant method was adopted for
quantification of trees and herbs. Random Quadrants of uniform sizes were laid
down at study area to assess the biodiversity, density, girth class and height of
species in the study area. It is quantified by counting the number of trees in a 10m
x 10m quadrant and Herbs in 1m x 1m quadrant. Height of the tree species and
girth of trees at breast height (DBH) is measured and recorded. Density,
Biodiversity Simpson index of it is calculated. The updated botanical names are
provided with author citation as per International Botanical nomenclature.
Identification of terrestrial vegetation in relation to natural forest flora and
croplands is conducted through reconnaissance field surveys and direct insight
observations. The plant species identification is done based on the morphological
characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, fruits and seeds. Land use
pattern in relation to agriculture practices and crop verities is identified through
physical verification of farm lands.
Natural vegetation, invaded species, avenue trees, home garden plants,
hedge vegetation of agriculture fields, plants present in the ponds, rivers, and hill
areas are noted downlisted through direct sighting. The identity of the herbs,
shrubs, climber, and trees are confirmed using the regional floras. Photographs
and latitude / longitude of the location have recorded.
Secondary data and local names of species are confirmed and recorded in
consultation with collected from the villagers/ forest department personnel. The
updated botanical names are provided with author citation as per International
Botanical nomenclature.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 65
3.9.2 FAUNA STUDY
The faunal study is proposed to be carried out through direct and indirect
methods of faunal sighting and its identification. Line transact method is used for
direct enumeration of species and pug marks, habitat, furs, thorns, skin, voice
notes etc is used for indirect method of enumeration. Further, secondary data is
used for listing of faunal species in the project core and buffer area.The survey
study is carried out during early hours of morning and late hours of evening time.
To assess the potential of the area as habitat of avifauna transects method is used.
Birds, Insects and Butterflies are observed by walking carefully through transect. A
single observer walked at a constant pace using Binocular. Birds either flying or
perched are recorded.
Avian fauna (bird’s species) identification has been done from
ornithological notes and pictorial descriptions of various authors.
The authenticity of occurrence of faunal elements, local ecology and
species of high conservation importance, migratory corridors and wild animal paths
is gathered by interacting with local inhabitants and forest department personnel.
The status of each faunal species recorded from the project areas is ascertained
provided as per schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
The project is consists of 227.62 Ha forest land and 96.30 Ha non forest
(agriculture / waste) land.
Aquatic flora and fauna are identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent),
Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor water
bodies, Ponds etc.
There are no water bodies in core zone of the project.
3.9.3 BIODIVERSITY STUDY
Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources
including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the
ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species,
between species and of ecosystems. For assessment of biodiversity, data from
quadrants were collected and analysed in Simpsons index calculation.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 66
3.9.3.1 Core zone (10 X 10M Quadrant)
In Core zone following four sites are selected, which represent floral
biodiversity of the area.
Location 1: Near Ratansar village, 22°04.061 N; 83° 41.087 E
Table 3.49: Quadrat sampling near Ratansara village
S. No
Common Name
Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH),
cm Height (meter)
Trees
1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 44.0 6.0
2 Chaar Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida
2 36.0 , 44.0 5.5, 6.0
3 Dowra Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 9.0 1.5
4 Blue gum Acacia auriculiformis Benth. 1 small 1.0
Total 5
Herbs
Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit 15 - -
Total 15 - -
Forest floor is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 67
Location 2:
Table 3.50: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E S. No
Common Name
Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm
Height (meter)
Trees
1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 1 45.0 6.0
2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida
12 12.0 – 109.0 3-6
3 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) J.F.Macbr.
2 62.0 7.5
Total 15 - -
Herbs/climbers
1 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.
3 - -
2 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - -
Total 15 - -
The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is burnt.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 68
Location 3:
Table 3.51: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.070 N ; 83° 41.196 E S. No
Common Name Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm
Height (meter)
Trees
1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 136.0 11.0
2 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) J.F.Macbr.
2 40, stump cut 4.0
3 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.)
M.R.Almeida 1 26.0 3.3
5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 Thin 1.5 - 2
6 East Indian satinwood
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. 16 Thin 1.0 - 2
7 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Thin 1.0
Total 26 - -
Herbs
1 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - -
The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 69
Location 4:
Table 3.52: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.004 N ; 83° 41.149 E S. No
Common Name
Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm
Height (meter)
Trees
1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 2 108, 107 6.4
3 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida
2 19, 37 4.5
Dhaura Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 20 6.2
5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5
Total 15
Herbs - -
1 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - -
2 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - -
Total
The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 70
3.9.3.2 Buffer zone:
Location 1: Jackdol R/F In Buffer zone two sites are selected, which represent floral biodiversity of the area.
Table 3.53: Quadrat sampling at Jakdol reserve forest
S. No
Common Name
Scientific Name Nos
.
Diameter at (DBH),
cm
Height
(meter)
Trees
1 Sal/Sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 20.0 - 62.0
4.0-7.0
2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida 2 22.0 – 23.0
6.0
3 Garari, Korodo
Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f. 2 15.0 – 25.0
2.0– 3.0
4 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 35.70 5.0
5 Dhava Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
1 25.0 4.0
6 mohin Lannea coromandeliana (Houtt.) Merr. 1 97.0 14.0
7 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5
8 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70.0 7.0
Total 21 - -
Herbs/Shrub/Climber
1 Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston 1 - -
2 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. 5 - -
3 Ixora pavetta Andr. 4 - -
4 Harduli Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - -
5 Dhai fhool Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz 5 - -
6 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - -
7 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - -
Total 34 - -
Forest floor is covered with full of dried foliage. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh, parasitic shrub is growing on Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 71
Location 2: Jackdol R/F
Table 3.54: Quadrat sampling at Jakdole RF, 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E
S. No
Common Name Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm
Height (meter)
Trees
1 Sal Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 63 - 65 10-11
2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida
2 30, 40 6
3 Garari, Korodo Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f.
1 50 6
Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 10, Small 1
4 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. 1 35 5
5 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70 6
6 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 35 5
7 Dhaora Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
2 30, 40 6
Total 17 - -
Shrubs / Small trees / Vines / Herbs
1 Tivra gandha, Bagh dhoka
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
4 - -
2 Kala tendu Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. 1 - -
3 Anantamul, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.
4 - -
4 Jilpai Ixora pavetta Andr. 10 - -
5 Dheniani Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - -
6 Wild date Phoenix sylvestris(L.) Roxb. 4 - -
7 Dikamalli Gardenia resinifera Roth 4 - -
8 Corchorus aestuans L. 3 - -
9 Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Sm. 2 - -
10 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars 2 - -
11 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 5 - -
Total 44 - -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 72
3.9.3.3 SIMPSON’S INDEX OF BIODIVERSITY
Species diversity is one of the efficient ways to analyze community
structure. Simpson diversity Index takes in to account the density of individual
species..
Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account
the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each
species. As species richness and and evenness increase,
so diversity increases. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0,
no diversity
Simpson index of biodiversity (D) = 1- C
Where C =
D = Simpson’s index of Diversity
n = the total number of organisms of a particular species,
N = the total number of organisms of all species
The value of this index ranges between 0 and 1, and the greater the value, the
greater the sample diversity.
Biodiversity of the project is given below:
Table 3.55: Biodiversity of the project.
Zone Quadrat Location Simpson index of
biodiversity
% Simpson index of
biodiversity
Core zone
Near Ratansar - 22°04.061 N ; 83° 41.087 E 0.72 72.00
22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.33 33.78
22°04.004 N; 83° 41.149 E 0.55 55.92
22°04.070 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.51 51.56
Buffer zone
Jakdol RF - 22°01.547 N ; 83° 47.102 E 0.72 72.56
Jakdole RF- 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E 0.80 80.28
The above shows that, biodiversity in Core zone ranged between 0.33- 0.72,
which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. It shows that there are more
species in the quadrat sampling area.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 73
3.9.4 BASELINE STATUS OF FLORA
Flora of the project areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora.
Terrestrial Flora
Terrestrial flora consists of the following:
(i) Agriculture crops cultivated (cereals, pulses and vegetables) during
rainy season (Kharif) and post rainy moths of winter season (Rabi);
(ii) Commercial crops;
(iii) Natural vegetation of Forest type includes endemic species/
endangered species.
(iv) Plantations and Agro-forestry species and
(v) Grass lands
Agricultural Crops
Important categories of crops include cereals, pulses (legumes), fruits and
vegetables. Cropping systems vary among farms depending on the available
resources and constraints; geography and climate of the farm. To a certain extent
most of the agriculture activity is confined to Southwest monsoon period of July to
October. Agriculture crops of study area are cultivated in backyards and farmlands
during post-rainy months. A checklist of agriculture crops of the core and buffer
zone are presented in below tables.
Commercial Crops
Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and his
livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a commercial
crop. The check list of commercial crops is presented in below tables.
Agro forestry species
The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas
as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines
shrubs and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create
more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 74
land-use systems. The agro forestry species of the study area are presented below
in tables.
Natural Vegetation/ Forest Type
It is an uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land covered by trees and
shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the people. It forms an important
renewable natural resource.
The study area has Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF, Garganpahar RF, Garjanjor
RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kuramkel RF and
Aradlungri RF.
The status of forest flora of the study is presented in below tables.
Grass Lands
No prominent grass land ecosystem was found in the study area of the
project. However, the grass lands were mixed with natural vegetation forest
patches in low lands and the cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as
grazing grounds to the livestock species.
Aquatic Flora
The aquatic flora adjacent to Basundhar Nadi, Bhaina Jor, Pulkajhor Nala,
Barhajharia nala, Telendra Nala, Chhaten Jor, rivulets in village ditches and small
ponds of the study area are presented in below table.
CORE ZONE
Terrestrial Flora Core and Buffer Zone
The area is adjacent to existing mine, forest area, agriculture fields and
villages. The forest area is degraded in some areas. Polash, Lagerstroemia, mahua
are the most common tree, besides villagers have grown several useful trees. Paddy
fields, vegetable cultivation, cattle rearing are the major agriculture related activities
here.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 75
Table 3.56: List of Agricultural crops – Core & Buffer Zone
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi
Name
Name of Class
/ Family Core
zone Buffer
zone
1 Amaranthushybridus L. Amaranthus Cauleyi, Amaranthaceae - +
2 Capsicum annum L. Chilly Lalmirchi Solanaceae + + 3 Citrus limon(L.) Burm f Lemon Nimbu Rutaceae + + 4 CoriandrumsativumL. Coriander, Dhanya Apiaceae - + 5 Cucurbita maxima Duch ex
Lam. Pumpkin Kaddoo Cucurbitaceae + +
6 Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam. Sweet potato Shakarakand Convolvulaceae - + 7 Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)
Standl Bottle guard Laukee Cucurbitaceae + +
8 Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb. Ridged guard Turee Cucurbitaceae + + 9 Luffacylindrica(L.)
M.Roem. Spong gourd Spanjlaukee Cucurbitaceae + +
10 LycopersicumesculentumL. Tomato Tamatar Solanaceae + + 11 MomordicacharantiaL. Bitter Gourd Karela Cucurbitaceae - +
12 RhapanussativusL. Radish Moolee Brassicaceae - + 13 SolanummelongenaL. Brinjal Baingan Solanaceae - + 14 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. Pointed guard Parwal Cucurbitaceae - +
Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and
their livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a
commercial crop. A checklist of commercial crops of the core and buffer zone is
presented below in table :
Table 3.57: List of List of Commercial crops - Core & Buffer Zone
Sl. No.
Botanical Name Engligh Name
Common / Hindi Name
Name of Class / Family
Core zone
Buffer zone
1 Brassica nigra (L.) K.Koch
Mustard Sarason Brassicaceae + +
2 CicerarietinumL. Chickpea Kaabuleechana Leguminosae + +
3 Oryza sativa L. Paddy Dhaan Poaceae + +
4 SesamumorientaleL. Sesame Til Pedaliaceae + +
5 Zea mays L. Maize Makka Poaceae + +
The study area has Garjanpahar (Adjacent) Jamkani RF, Ghogarpall RF,
Lalma RF, Kalatpani RF, Balijori RF and Jhatikhol RF. Total forest land of the
project is 349.71 Ha. Most of the land is uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land
covered by trees and shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the
people. A checklist of natural vegetation of the core and buffer zone is presented
below in table.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 76
Table 3.58: List of Natural Vegetation - Core Zone and Buffer Zone
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi Name
Name of
class /
Family
Core
zone
Buffer
zone
REET
status
Trees 1 Acacia
auriculiformisBenth.
Black wattle Leguminosa
e - + -
2 Acacia nilotica(L.)
Willdex Delile Babul Babool Leguminosa
e + + -
3 Albiziaprocera(Roxb.)
Benth. White sirish Safedsirish Leguminosa
e - -
4 Albizialebbeck(L.)
Benth Sirish Shirish Leguminosa
e + + -
5 Alstoniascholoris(L.)
R.Br Blackboard
tree Saptaparni,
Chitvan Apocynacea
e - + -
6 Anogeissuslatifolia(Ro
xb. ex DC.) Wall.
exGuillem. &Perr
Axle Wood
Tree Dhonkda
Combretace
ae - + -
7 Artocarpusheterophyll
usLam. Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae + + -
8 BoswelliaserrataRox
b. exColebr.
'Indian
olibanum Salaidhoop Burseracea
e - + -
9 Buchananiacochinch
inensis (Lour.)
M.R.Almeida
Chironji
Tree Chhar Anacardiac
eae + + -
10 Buteamonosperma(La
m.) Taub. Flame of
the forest Palash,
Dhak Leguminosa
e + + -
11 Cassia fistula L. Indian
laburnum Amaltas Leguminosa
e + + -
12 Chloroxylonswieteni
aDC.
East Indian
satinwood
Bhirra Rutaceae + + -
13 Diospyrosmelanoxylon
Roxb. Coromandel
ebony Tendu Ebenaceae - + -
14 FicusbenghalensisL. Banyan Bargad Moraceae + + -
15 FicusmollisVahl Donkey's
banyan Son pakhad Moraceae - +
16 FicusracemosaL. Cluster Fig Goolar Moraceae + + -
17 FicusreligiosaL. Sacred fig Pipal Moraceae + + -
18 GmelinaarboreaRoxb. Beech wood Gamhar Lamiaceae - + -
19 Haldinacordifolia(Rox
b.) Ridsdale Haldu Karam Rubiaceae + + -
20 Holopteleaintegrifoila(
Roxb.) Planch Indian elm arjan Ulmaceae + + -
21 IxoraparvifloraLam White ixora Kotogandal Rubiaceae - + -
22 Lagerstroemia
parvifloraRoxb.
Small
Flowered
Crape
Myrtle
Dawra Lythraceae - + -
23 Lanneacoromandelica(
Houtt.) Merr Indian ash
tree Mohin Anacardiac
eae - + -
24 Madhucalongifolia var. Indian Mahua Sapotaceae + + -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 77
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi Name
Name of
class /
Family
Core
zone
Buffer
zone
REET
status
latifolia(Roxb.)
A.Chev. butter tree
25 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiac
eae + + -
26 Phoenix sylvestris(L.)
Roxb. Wild Date
Palm Khajur Arecaceae - + -
27 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyro
balan Amla Phyllanthace
ae - + -
28 Pithecellobiumdulce
(Roxb.) Benth. Manila
tamarind Ganga imli Leguminosa
e + + -
29 PlumeriarubraL. Temple tree Golenchi Apocynacea
e - + -
30 Pongamiapinnata(L.)
Pierre Indian
beech Karanjva Legumonos
ae + + -
31 Salmaliamalabarica(D
C) Schott &Endl. Silk cotton Salmale Bombacace
ae - + -
32 Schleicheraoleosa(Lou
r.) Oke Lac tree Kusum Sapindacea
e - + -
33 ShorearobustaGaertn
.
Sal sarai Dipterocar
paceae - + -
34 StreblusasperLour. Sand paper
tree Sihora, Moraceae - + -
35 Syzygiumcuminii(L.)
Skeels Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae + + -
36 TectonagrandisL. Teak, saghvan Lamiaceae - + -
37 Terminaliaarjuna(Rox
b.) Wt&Arn. Arjun Arjun, mathi Combretace
ae - + -
38 TerminaliaalataWall. Laurel Asan Combretace
ae - + -
39 Terminaliabellirica(Ga
ertn.) Roxb. Belericmyro
balan Bahera Combretace
ae + + -
40 WrightiatinctoriaR.Br. Sweet
Indrajao Kutajau Apocynacea
e - + -
41 ZiziphusmauritianaLa
mk. Indian
plum Ber Rhamnacea
e + + -
Shrubs 1 AnnonasquamosaL. Custard
apple Custard
apple Annonacea
e + + -
2 Calotropisgigantea(L.)
R.Br. Indian
mader Indian
mader Apocynacea
e + + -
3 Chromolaenaodorata(
L.) R.M.King&H.Rob. Jack in the
bush Jack in the
bush Asteraceae - + -
4 Ipomoea carneaJace Bush
morning
glory
besharam Convolvula
ceae + + -
5 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Raimuniya Lamiaceae - + - 6 Phyllanthusreticulatus
L. Black-
Honey
Shrub
Kanbojini Phyllanthace
ae + + -
7 RicinuscommunisL. Castor Arandi Euphorbiacea
e + + -
8 SenegaliapennataMizo Climbing Biswal Leguminosae - + -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 78
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi Name
Name of
class /
Family
Core
zone
Buffer
zone
REET
status
wattle 9 Sennaalata (L.) Roxb. Candle bush Ergaj Leguminosae - + -
10 ThevetianeriifoliaJuss.
exSteud. Yellow
oleander Peelikaner Apocynaceae + + -
11 Vachelliafarnesiana(L.
) Wight &Arn. Sweet acacia Guhbaboool
, Leguminosae + -
12 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree. Nirgundi Verbenacea
e - + -
13 Woodfordiafruticosa
(L.) Kurz
Fire Flame
Bush
Dhaiphool Lythraceae + + -
14 Zizyphusoenoplia(L.)
Miller Small-
Fruited
Jujube
Makora Rhamnacea
e - + -
Climbers 1 Abrusprecatorius L. Crabs eye Ratti Leguminosa
e - + -
2 Caesalpiniabonduc
(L.) Roxb. fever nut Kankarej, Leguminosa
e + + -
3 CappariszeylanicaL. Ceylon
caper ardanda Capparace
ae _ + -
4 CissampelospareiraL. False Pareira
Brava Padh Menisperm
aceae - + -
5 Dioscoreapentaphylla L. Five Leaf
Yam Kantaalu, Dioscoreac
eae + + -
6 Endosamararacemosa(
Roxb.) R.Geesink - - Leguminosa
e + + -
7 Hemidesmusindicus(L.
) R. Br. ex Schult.
Indian
sarsaparilla Anantmul Apocynacea
e +
+ -
8 Ichnocarpusfrutescens
(L.) R.Br. Black
Creeper Kali doddee Apocynacea
e + + -
9 OlaxscandensRoxb. Harduli Olacaceae 10 QuisqualiaindicaL. Rangoon
creeper Not
available Combretace
ae + + -
11 Tinosporasinensis(Lou
r.) Merr. Malabar
Gulbel Giloy Menisperm
aceae - + -
12 Vallarissolanacea(Rot
h) Kuntze Bread
flower, Not
available Apocynacea
e + + -
13 Ventilagomaderapatan
aGaertn. Red Creeper Pitti Rhamnacea
e - + -
14 Wattakakavolubilis(L.f
) Stap f Sneeze Wort dugdhive Apocynacea
e + + -
Herbs 1 AchyranthusasperaL. Prickly
Chaff
Flower
Chirchita Amarantha
ceae + + -
2 Alternantheraparony
chioides A.St.-Hil
smooth
joyweed
.- Amarantha
ceae + + -
3 Alysicarpusvaginalis(L
.) DC Alyce
Clover Chauli/Sauri Leguminos
ae + + -
4 Andrographispanicul
ataWall ex Nees
Creat Kalmeg Acanthacea
e
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 79
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi Name
Name of
class /
Family
Core
zone
Buffer
zone
REET
status
5 Argemonemexicana L. Mexican
poppy Satyanashi Papavarace
ae + + -
6 Blumeaoxyodonta DC Spiny
Leaved
Blumea
Creeping
blumea Asteraceae + + -
7 Blumeaaxillaris(Lam.)
DC. Not
available Not
available Asteraceae + + -
8 Canscoradiffusa(Vahl)
R.Br. ex Roem.
&Schult.
Not
available Kilwar Gentianace
ae + + -
9 Cassia toraL. Stinking
Cassia Panwar Leguminos
ae - + -
10 Celosia argenteaL. silver cock's
comb Common
Cockscomb Amarantha
ceae - + -
11 ColdeniaprocumbensL
. Creeping
Coldenia Tripunkhi Boraginace
ae + + -
12 Dactylocteniumaegypti
um(L.) Willd. Indian millet Poaceae + + -
13 Desmodiumtriflorum(L
.) DC Threeflowert
icktrefoil Kudalia Leguminos
ae + + -
14 Ecliptaprostrata(L.) L. False Daisy Bringaraj Asteraceae - + -
20 Euphorbia hirtaL. Asthma
Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiac
eae + + -
21 Evolvulusalsinoides
(L.) L. Dwarf
Morning
Glory
Vishnugrant
ha
Convolvulac
eae + + -
22 Evolvulusnummularius
(L.)L. Roundleaf
Bindweed Not
available Convolvulac
eae + + -
23 Hyptissuaveolens(L.)
Poit American
Mint Vilaititulasi Lamiaceae + + -
24 Leucasindica(L.) R.Br
ex Vatke Not known Dronapushpi Lamiaceae + + -
25 Mimosa pudicaL. Touch me
not Lajjalu Leguminoa
e + + -
26 MollugopentaphyllaL. Carpet weed Jharasi Molluginac
eae + + -
27 Pedilanthustithymaloid
es(L.) Poit. Devil's
Backbone - Euphorbiac
eae - + -
28 Peristrophebicalyculat
a(Retz.) Nees Not known Kali angedi Acanthacea
e + + -
29 Pogostemonbenghalen
sis(Burm.f.) Kuntze Bengal
pogostemon ishwarjata Lamiaceae - + -
30 ScopariadulcisL. Sweet
Broom
Weed,
Mithipatti. Scrophulari
aceae - + -
31 SidaacutaL. Common
Wireweed Baraira Malvaceae + + -
33 SidacordifoliaL. Bala Bariar Malvaceae + + - 34 SpermacocehispidaL. Shaggy
Buttonweed Madanaghan
ti Rubiaceae + + -
35 Spermacoceocymoides
Burm.f Purple
Leaved
Not
available Rubiaceae + + -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 80
Sl.
No. Botanical Name
English
Name
Common /
Hindi Name
Name of
class /
Family
Core
zone
Buffer
zone
REET
status
Button
Weed 36 Tephrosiapurpurea(L.)
Pers Common
Tephrosia Sharpunka Leguminos
ae + + -
37 Triumfettarhomboidea
eJacq. Burr Bush, Chikti Malvaceae + + -
38 Vanda tessellata
(Roxb.) Hook. Ex
G.Don
Checkered
Vanda perasara Orchidacea
e - + -
39 Xanthium strumarium
L. Cocklebur ChotaDhatur
a, Asteraceae + + -
The forest found in this area is of dry deciduous type. In the absence of
scientific management in the past, forests of the survey area have suffered from
heavy felling. Biotic pressure exerted by human beings and domestic animals of
surrounding areas is also high and degrading the forest land.
The flora of the project is of common type and there are no rare and
endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.
The plants reported as endangered by some publications are found in
abundance in some other geographies.
Grass Lands
No prominent grass land ecosystem is present in the study area. However,
the grass lands is mixed with natural vegetation, forest patches in low lands and the
cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock
species. A checklist of grass land species of the core and buffer zone is presented
below in table.
Table 3.59 : List of Grass Land species in the core zone/buffer zone
Sl. No.
Botanical Name Engligh Name
Common / Hindi Name
Name of class / Family
Core zone
Buffer zone
REET status
1 ApludamuticaL. Mauration grass
Tachula Poaceae + + -
2 AristidasetaceaRetz. Broom grass
- Poaceae + + -
3 Arundodonax L. Giant Reed Baranal Poaceae - + - 4 Bambusaarundinaceae
L. Bamboo Bambu Poaceae + + -
5 Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers.
Bermuda grass
Durva Poaceae - +
6 Dactylocteniumaegyptium (L.) Willd.
Crow foot grass
- Poaceae + + -
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 81
Sl. No.
Botanical Name Engligh Name
Common / Hindi Name
Name of class / Family
Core zone
Buffer zone
REET status
7 Eragrostisamabilis (L.) Wight &Arn.
Love grass Bilaayateejau Poaceae + + -
8 Heteropogoncontortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. &Schult.
Spear grass Kher, Kumryaghas
Poaceae + + -
9 Imperatacylindrica (L.) Raeusch
Cogon grass
- Poaceae + + _
10 SetariafaberiHerrm Japanese bristlegrass
- Poaceae + + -
Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature
The grass land species are of common type and there are no rare and
endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.
Plantation & Agro forestry species done by MCL / Villagers
The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas as
a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines shrubs
and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create more
diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable land-
use systems. A checklist of the same is presented below in table
Table 3.60: List of Plantation done by MCL/Villagers
Sl. No.
Name of the species
Botanical English Hindi Family
1 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth
Australian black wattle
- Leguminosae
2 Albizialebbeck (L.) Benth Sirish Shirish Leguminosae
3 Alstoniascholoris (L.) R.Br Blackboard tree Sowparni Apocynaceae
4 ArtocarpusheterophyllusLam. Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae
5 Azadirachtaindica (L.) A.Juss Neem Margosa Meliaceae
6 Cassia siamiaLamk Avenue cassia - Leguminosae
7 DalbergiasissooDC Sesam Leguminosae
8 Eucalyptus teriticornisSm. Blue gum Myrtaceae
9 FicusreligiosaL. Peepal Moraceae
10 GrevillearobustaA.Cunn ex R.Br. Silver oak Proteaceae
11 Madhucalongifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev.
Indian butter tree Mahua Sapotaceae
12 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiaceae
13 Peltophorumpterocarpum (DC) Baker ex Heyne
Copper pod -
Leguminosae
14 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyrobalan Amla Phyllanthaceae
15 Pithecellobiumdulce (Roxb.) Benth. Manila tamarind Ganga imli Leguminosae
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 82
Sl. No.
Name of the species
Botanical English Hindi Family
16 Pongamiapinnata (L.) Pierre Indian beech tree Karanj Leguminosae
17 PsidiumguajavaL. Guava amruth Myrtaceae
18 Syzygiumcuminii (L.) Skeels Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae
19 Tectonagrandis L. Teak Sagon Lamiaceae
20 Terminaliabellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Belericmyrobalan Bahera Combretaceae
21 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree Samhalu Lamiaceae
Aquatic Flora Core/Buffer Zone
Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent),
Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water
bodies, Ponds etc. of the survey area is presented below in table
Table 3.61: List of Aquatic Plants – Core/buffer Zone
Sl. No.
Botanical Name English Name
Common / Hindi Name
Name of class / Family
Core zone
Buffer zone
REET status
1 Colocasiaesculenta (L.) Schott
Taro Arvi, Kachalu
Araceae + + -
2 CyperuscorymbosusRottb.
- Nagar motha
Cyperaceae + +
-
3 Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart) Solms
Water hyacinth
- Pontederiaceae + +
-
4 Hygrophilaringens (L.) R. Br. Ex Spreng.
Wild hygrophila
- Acanthaceae + + -
5 Ipomoea aquaticaForssk. Water Morning Glory
Nali Convolvulaceae
+ + -
6 MarsileaquadrifoliaL. Four leaved clover
Caupatiya Marsiliaceae + + -
7 Monochoriavaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl
Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae + + -
8 NymphaeanouchaliBurm f Water lily Neelkama
l
Nymphaeaceae + + -
9 Nymphoidesindica (L.) Kuntze.
Water Snowflake
Kumudini Menyanhaceae + + -
10 Persicariaglabra (Willd.) M.Gómez
Dense flower Knotweed
Bihagni + + -
11 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Grene Jalapippali Bukkan Verbenaceae + + -
12 Typhadomingensis Pers. southern cattail
Patera Typhaceae + + -
Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 83
As there are no water bodies in Core zone, flora is not reported. The aquatic
flora of the survey area is of common type and there are no rare and endangered
species found in the core and buffer zone.
3.9.5 BASELINE STATUS OF FAUNA
Ecosystem is an integrated unit that contains both animals and plants
whose survival is dependent on biotic and abiotic structure. Fauna of the project
areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora. The baseline status of
terrestrial and aquatic fauna is provided separately below:
Core zone & Buffer Zone
Terrestrial Fauna
Among the faunal groups avifauna of terrestrial inhabitants of passerine
category birds are conspicuous in forest patches, agro-ecosystems of crop land
habitats and plantations. The list of terrestrial Fauna in Core/Buffer Zone is
presented below in table
Table 3.62: List of Terrestrial Fauna – Core/ Buffer Zone
Sl. No.
Scientific Name
English Name Common /
Hindi Name WAP, 1972
Status ICUN
Status
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
Mammal
1 Bandicota bengalensis
Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC
+ +
2 Canis aureus Jackal Geedhad II LC - +
3 Funambulus pennanti
Ground Squirrel Gilheri IV DD
+ +
4 Herpestes edwardsi
Indian Grey Mongoose
Nevlaa II LC
+ +
5 Lepus nigricollis
Black napped Hare
Khargosh IV LC
- +
6 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Bandar II LC + +
7 Mus booduga
Indian Field Mouse
Chuha V LC
- +
8 Rattus rattus
Common House Rat
Chuha V LC
+ +
9 Presbytis entellus
Common Languor Langur II LC
- +
10 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Suar III LC - +
11 Vulpes Indian Fox Lomdi II LC - +
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 84
Sl. No.
Scientific Name
English Name Common /
Hindi Name WAP, 1972
Status ICUN
Status
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
bengalensis
Birds
1 Acridotheres tristis
Common myna Myna IV LC + +
2 Alcedo atthis Small blue kingfisher
Ramchiraya IV LC + +
3 Apus affinis House Swift Babeela IV LC + +
4 Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron
Andha bagula IV LC + +
5 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC + +
6 Columbia livia Pigeon Kabootar IV LC + +
7 Corvus macrorhynchos
Jungle crow Kauva IV LC + +
8 Corvus splendens
House crow Kauva IV LC + +
9 Centropus sinensis
Crow pheasant Couckoo IV LC + +
10 Charadrius dubius
Little ringed plover IV LC
+ +
11 Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Neelkanth IV LC
+ +
12 Dendrocitta vagabond Indian tree pie Mahalath IV LC
+ +
13 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drango Bhujanga IV LC
+ +
14 Dinopium benghalense
Common wood pecker Katpodwa IV LC
+ +
15 Egretta alba Larger egret Bakula IV LC + +
16 Eudynamys scolopacea Indian Koel Koel IV LC
+ +
17 Halcyon smyrnensis
White-breasted kingfisher Ramchiraya IV LC
+ +
18 Haliastur Indus Brahminy kite Cheel IV LC + +
19 Merops orientalis Small bee-eater Patena IV LC
+ +
20 Milvus migrans Black kite Cheel IV LC + +
21 Passer domesticus House sparrow Goreya IV LC
+ +
22 Ploceus philippinus Baya weaver Baya IV LC
+ +
23 Psittacula krameri
Rose ringed parakeet IV LC
+ +
24 Pycnonotus cafer
Red-vented bulbul Bulbul IV LC
+ +
25 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Kabutar IV LC
+ +
26 Sturnus contra Asian pied starling Maina IV LC
+ +
27 Turdoides caudatus Common babbler Gaigai IV LC
+ +
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 85
Sl. No.
Scientific Name
English Name Common /
Hindi Name WAP, 1972
Status ICUN
Status
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
28 Upupa epops Common hoopoe Hudhud IV LC + +
29 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled lapwing Titeeri IV LC
+ +
Reptile
1 Bungarus caeruleus
Krait Sanmp II LC + +
2 Calotes versicolor
Garden lizard Girgit II
LC + +
3 Enhydris enhydris
Smooth water snake
Sanmp II
LC + +
Naja tripudians
Common Cobra Sanmp II
LC + +
4 Natrix piscator Water Snake Sanmp II LC + +
5 Zamenis mucosus
Rat Snake Sanmp II
LC + +
Amphibian
1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad Medhak IV LC
+ +
2 Euphlyctis hexadactyla Common frog Medhak IV LC
+ +
Butteflies
1 Danaus genutia Striped tiger Teetli (5) IV LC + + Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature
Apart from wildlife category the domesticated species like Goat (Capra
aegagrus); Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis); Cow (Bos primigenius); Pig (Sus scrofa
domesticus) and Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were commonly found in villages.
The terrestrial Fauna of the survey area is of common type and there are
no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone. The population
of fauna, especially mammals is found to below :
AQUATIC FAUNA
There are no water bodies in the core zone.
Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River, Telendra Nala,
Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water bodies, Ponds etc.
of the survey area is presented below in table 3.63.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 86
Table 3.63 : List of aquatic Fauna in the core zone/buffer zone
Sl. No.
Scientific Name
English Name
Common / Hindi Name
Scheduled Status ( WAP, 1972)
ICUN Status
Core Zone
Buffer Zone
Fishes
1 Catla catla
Catla Rohu NA LC + +
2 Channa punctatus
Spotted murrel
Murrai NA LC
+ +
3 Clarias batrachus
walking catfish
Maggri NA LC
+ +
4 Labeo rohita
Rohu Rohu NA
LC + +
Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature
It is observed that, as per the IUCN – Red Data Book (RDB) endangered,
endemic and threaten species of fauna are not present within the survey area.
Table 3.64: Description of flora & fauna separately in the core and bufferzones
A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone
1. Agricultural crops (Vegetables)
Capsicum annum L.
Citrus limon(L.) Burm f
Cucurbita maxima Duch ex
Lam.
Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)
Standl
Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb.
Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem.
LycopersicumesculentumL.
Amaranthushybridus L.
Capsicum annum L.
Citrus limon(L.) Burm f
CoriandrumsativumL.
Cucurbita maxima Duch ex Lam.
Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.
Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)
Standl
Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb.
Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem.
LycopersicumesculentumL.
MomordicacharantiaL.
RhapanussativusL.
SolanummelongenaL.
TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.
2. Commerical crops
Oryza sativa L.
Zea mays L.
Brassica nigra(L.) K.Koch
CicerarietinumL.
Oryza sativa L.
SesamumorientaleL.
Zea mays L.
3. Plantation Table 3.60 Table 3.60
4. Natural vegetation / forest type
Table 3.58 Table 3.58
5. Grass lands Table 3.59 Table 3.59
6. Endangered species
None None
7. Endemic species None None
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 87
A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone
8. Others (specify) (Type of trees)
B. Fauna Core Zone Buffer Zone
1. Total listing of faunal elements
Table 3.62 Table 3.62
2. Endangered species
None None
3. Endemic species None None
4. Migratory species
None None
5. Details of aquatic fauna, if applicable
Table 3.63 Table.3.63
3.10 PLACES OF RELIGIOUS, HISTORICAL AND ARCHEO-LOGICAL IMPORTANCE
No such place exists in the study area of proposed OCP.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 1
Chapter–4
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON AIR QUALITY
INTRODUCTION
The impacts of mining and its allied activities have been assessed in respect
of air, water, noise, land resources, socio-economic bio-diversity, etc.
4.1.1 AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Dust (PM10 and PM2.5) is the major emission from mining activities in coalfield
area. Impact has been predicted for air quality taking PM10 and PM2.5 into
consideration in and around the project area. The impact assessment has been
carried out considering with the following points:
(i) Calculation of rate of generation of PM10 and PM2.5 using empirical
formulae and emission factors for different mining operations developed
by USEPA & Site specific emission rate developed by CMPDI and
CMRI Dhanbad.
(ii) Air quality impact prediction (AQIP) using AERMOD 9.1.0.
(iii) The AQIP modeling has been carried out for the capacity of 8.75 MTY.
4.1.2 CALCULATION OF RATE OF GENERATION OF PM10 & PM2.5 FROM
BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTN. OCP USING EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS
Activity-wise emission rates have been estimated. The formulae have been
used to evaluate the emission rate for the mining activities and locations e.g. drilling,
haul road, transportation road, loading, unloading, dozing on dumps and coal
handling etc. Based on the above study, rate of generation of PM10 & PM2.5 from
Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP for 8.75 MTPA has been calculated.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 2
Consideration of production and population of equipment
(i) The production schedule of 8.75 MTPA with corresponding mine
life of 12 years has been considered.
(ii) Total OB removal is 97.22 M.Cum.
(iii) The equipment, their capacity and population for 8.75 MTPA are
given in chapter 2, para 2.15.
4.1.3 AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION (AQIP) OF PM10 PM2.5 USING
AERMOD MODEL
Air quality impact prediction (for PM10 & PM2.5) for this mine was carried out
using “AERMOD Model” considering open pit, line and area sources. The model was
applied to production of 8.75 Mty for with and without control measures.
The 98%tile PM10 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM10
concentration and absolute PM10 at various receptors are given in the following table:
Table 4.1: Predicted and Absolute value of PM10 with control measures
(Values in µg/cu. m)
Baseline Stations
Distance from boundary
and direction from center of Core
Zone
Measured PM10
(98% tile)
Predicted incre. PM10 using AQIP
Predicted absolute PM10
Without control
measures
With control
measures
Without control
measures
With control
measures
(i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii)
Telendih -- 98.42 29.61 21.59 128.03 120.01
Rampia 2.7 km, NW 85.00 1.72 0.97 86.72 85.97
Sumara 4.5 KM, N 81.80 2.54 1.58 84.34 83.38
Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 90.05 15.64 11.66 105.69 101.71
Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 90.25 6.92 4.97 97.17 95.22
Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 89.15 6.56 5.08 95.71 94.23
Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 90.75 2.26 1.32 93.01 92.07
Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 89.72 0.38 0.37 90.1 90.09
Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 85.52 3.71 2.68 89.23 88.2
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 3
The 98%tile PM2.5 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM2.5
concentration and absolute PM2.5 at various receptors are given in the following table:
Table 4.2: Predicted and Absolute value of PM2.5 with control measures
(Values in µg/cu. m)
Baseline Stations
Distance from boundary
and direction from center of Core
Zone
Measured PM2.5
(98% tile)
Predicted incre. PM2.5 using AQIP
Predicted absolute PM2.5
Without control
measures
With control
measures
Without control
measures
With control
measures
(i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii)
Telendih -- 56.70 4.76 3.36 61.46 60.06
Rampia 2.7 km, NW 50.28 0.29 0.16 50.57 50.44
Sumara 4.5 KM, N 44.19 0.42 0.26 44.61 44.45
Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 50.76 2.51 1.82 53.27 52.58
Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 52.94 1.13 0.79 54.07 53.73
Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 48.38 1.09 0.83 49.47 49.21
Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 56.55 0.38 0.21 56.93 56.76
Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 55.70 0.07 0.07 55.77 55.77
Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 46.46 0.60 0.42 47.16 46.98
4.1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was found
at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and 21.59 µg/m3
with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih village with control
measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within the permissible limit of
250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.
In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has been
observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10 at
Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali village,
additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from this three
tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest the particulate
matter.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 4
4.1.5 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient air
quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for
various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport,
coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop
and stores, etc.
Drilling Operation
All drills will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling will be
done in all drilling operation.
Mining & Blasting operation
Major Coal production will be done by blast free environmental
friendly Surface Miner.
Controlled blasting will be done to minimize generation of dust.
Loading & transporting
Surfacing all service roads by asphalt.
Un-metaled roads shall be kept free of ruts.
Provision has been made for instant shower system.
Development of greenbelt.
Provision of silo system.
Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and
bottom.
Regular cleaning of coal transportation road.
Coal handling plant & transportation system
Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in all critical points.
Provision of fog canon system.
Fires at coalfaces, coal stock yard
Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements.
Storage of water at all critical points.
Regular supervision.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 5
OB dumps
Blanketing with OB materials to put off the oxygen supply
Workshop & store
Proper ventilation system.
4.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON
HYDROLOGY & HYDRO-GEOLOGY
The adverse impacts are changes in ground water flow patterns, lowering of
water table, changes in the hydrodynamic conditions of river/underground recharge
basins, reduction in volumes of subsurface discharge to water bodies / rivers,
disruption & diversion of water courses / drainages, contamination of water bodies,
affecting the yield of water from bore wells and dug-wells, etc.
Knowledge of mining impact on ground water is requisite while deciding and
designing to protect surface water bodies. Predicted mining impact on water is
broadly classified as:
4.2.1 QUANTITATIVE IMPACT & CONTROL MEASURES ON WATER
4.2.1.1 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES FOR DISRUPTION OF NATURAL
DRAINAGE NETWORK LOCATED IN THE CORE ZONE
The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed
nallah diversion.
4.2.1.2 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER BODIES FROM SILTATION AND CHOKING OF WATER COURSES RESULTING IN SCARCITY OF SURFACE WATER AND FLOODING PROBLEM IN THE AREA
The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from external
overburden dump is extremely essential to avoid gully formation on the dump body
and also siltation problem of the nearby natural drains. The following steps will be
followed for effective drainage:
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 6
Drainage arrangement for External OB Dumps
Catch drain
An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces at the foot
of next bench to receive the storm water from upper benches. This will be then
discharged to the lower benches through masonry chute, thus minimizing gully
formation in the slope of external dump.
Foot drain
A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the external OB dump
(portion exposed to outside only). This drain will collect run-off from dump and direct
it to settling tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water
courses.
Drainage arrangement for Internal OB dumps
A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be
carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain
predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled graded and cleared of large
stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle
as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be
divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain
moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for precipitation run-off
are as follows:
During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal dump by
foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping.
In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed area
will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the quarry as
a measure for water harvesting.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 7
4.2.1.3 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER
BODIES FROM REDUCTION AND CHANGES IN STORM RUN-OFF OR
SURFACE RUN-OFF WATER COURSES
When the opencast mine is commissioned, garland drain will be provided
around the excavation boundary to guard against mine inundation due to rainfall run-
off or storm run-off. Mine water generated from excavation area by direct rainfall will
be pumped time to time for safe mine operation after meeting the internal
requirement.
4.2.1.4 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT DECLINING OF
GROUND WATER LEVEL FROM EARLY DRYING UP OF SURFACE
WATER BODIES LIKE PONDS, LAKES & STREAM FLOW
There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground water. In
the monsoon time, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level, the surface
water bodies like stream flow, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as the
ground water recoups and attains its level, the groundwater contributes water to the
surface water bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as
the ground water level gets lowered from the original level. This recharge and
discharge system of the area brings surface water and ground water relationship
complicated. The water balance studies of this area unties the above said intricate
relationship of surface and ground water.
Considering the hydrogeological set-up of the area, the estimated radius of
influence from the available hydrogeological parameter will be 57 mts due to mine
dewatering. This mine dewatering would bring down the ground water level in the
immediate vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the
treated effluents totally to the extent possible by keeping the makeup water in
different sumps or lower bench of the mine as a measure for ‘rain water harvesting’
in the project. In unusual situations during monsoon, mine discharge water will be
allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same basin of the area. The backfilling
operation of mining will restore water level in the immediate vicinity of the excavation
area by arresting mine seepage.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 8
4.2.2 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ON WATER
Mining and its related activities create water quality problems. These
problems are identified and the likely sources of water pollution from this project
along with the type of pollutants are follows:
(a) Sanitary (domestic) waste water.
(b) Industrial wastewater from workshop -- Suspended solids, oil & grease.
(c) Waste water from mine -- Suspended solids of coal, clay and oil.
(d) Surface run-off passing through coal stockpiles -- Suspended solids
(e) Storm water from leasehold area and built-up area -- Suspended solids.
4.2.2.1 EFFECTIVE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES ON QUALITY
ARE TAKEN/SHALL BE CONTINUED AT THE PROPOSED MINE
KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN VIEW
Sufficient safeguards during the planning stage to make the project eco-
friendly from water pollution control point of view.
Recycling of wastewater after appropriate treatment to achieve "zero
discharge" to the extent possible at some sources.
Conforming to the limits of the Environment (Protection) Amendment
Rules, 2000 (“Schedules-VI”, General Standards for discharge of
environmental pollutants, Part-A : Effluents) for quality of the treated
effluent.
4.2.2.2 SANITARY (DOMESTIC) WASTE WATER
About 80% of the total consumption will contribute to sanitary waste water
which will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS) and bio-chemical
oxygen demand (BOD). Therefore, depending upon the pollution load in the domestic
effluent, a suitable treatment scheme with sedimentation tank for TSS and aeration
facilities for BOD will be formulated out (Fig.-4.1) and commissioned for the project
as and when needed. Treated water will be utilized for watering the plants. Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP) will be provided for domestic waste. Water balance flow-chart
is given in Figure 4.1
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 9
Figure 4.1: Water balance flowchart on peak demand of Basundhara West
Extn. OCP
4.2.2.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FROM WORKSHOP
Industrial wastewater will be suitably treated in a plant (Fig.-4.2) consisting of
pre and post-settling chambers/tanks and oil and grease trap (OGT). The treated
effluent from this plant will be collected in a tank for recycling the same for industrial
use resulting in ‘zero discharge’. The sludge collected from the settling chamber will
be disposed off as landfill in the decoaled area. Oil and grease manually reclaimed
from the trap will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction. Oily sludge
will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit.
Water balance flowchart on Peak Demand (Basundhara West Extn. OCP)
Water supply scheme and treated effluent
from the project
Potable Water Supply for Residential Colony & Service
Buildings
Industrial Effluent
Treatment Plant
Fire Fighting and
Dust Suppression
2010 m3/day
Potable water consumption Industrial consumption
500 m3/day 190 m3/day 1320m3/day
Domestic Treatment Plant
Losses
100 m3/day 400 m3/day
Treated clear water for reuse
Treated clear water for watering of plantation area
Sludge for landfill or farmyard manure
280 m3/day
150 m3/day
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 10
4.2.2.4 WASTE WATER FROM MINE
Mine discharge water will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine floor
from where it will be pumped out and diverted to mine discharge treatment plant
(MDTP) consisting of oil and grease trap and sedimentation pond(s) with chemical
dozing arrangement to arrest suspended solids and oil and grease. Then, treated
water will be used for dust suppression in haul road and CHP besides washing of
dumpers and/or dozers in workshop. The sludge collected from the pond(s) will be
utilized as landfill in the decoaled area. The oily sludge from oil and grease trap(s)
will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit. Oil and grease recovered
manually from the trap(s) will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction.
Effort will be made to keep the balance make up water in the lower benches of the
mine as a measure for “Rain Water Harvesting”. In unusual situations during
monsoon, mine discharge will be allowed to go as recharge / run-off in the same
basin of the area.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 11
Figure 4.2: Proposed Flow Sheet for Domestic and Effluent Treatment Plant
Pump(s)
Pump(s)
Aeration Tank Clarifier
Overflow
Sludge Drying Bed(s)
Underf
low
to
Aera
tion T
ank
Sludge for disposal as
farmyard manure
Domestic effluent from
residential colony
Screen Channel
Collection Well
Flow Sheet for Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant
Oil and Grease Trap
Manual recovery
of oil & grease
Flash Mixer
Mine discharge water
(from mine sump)
Settling Tank
Settling Tank
Settling Tank
Settling Tank
Treated Water Tank
Water for reuse for
industrial purpose
Flow Sheet for Intragrated Treatment Plant for Mine Discharge Water and Industrial Effluent
Industrial effluent
from workshop
Fig.-I
Treated
effluent for
irrigation of
gardens
Coagulant dozing
Pump(s)
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 12
4.2.2.5 SURFACE RUN-OFF
(a) From OB dumps
The surface run-off from the OB dump will be collected in garland drain of
appropriate size provided at the foot. The foot drain will carry water to a
sedimentation pond from where the overflow would be directed into natural drain
through controlled discharge outlets. The overflow will be monitored regularly for TSS
to enable corrective actions before water meets the natural water ways.
(b) From coal dumps
Drains will be provided around the coal dumps to collect run-off for diverting
into sedimentation ponds before discharge into natural water courses.
4.2.2.6 STORM WATER
To prevent inrush of precipitation run-off from the outside area to the quarry,
storm water drains of suitable dimensions will be provided at appropriate locations
with outlets to natural water courses. Settling tanks/ponds will be provided in the
storm water drains at convenient locations to take care of suspended solids.
4.2.2.7 MEASURES FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGING
The decoaled voids will be used for water harvesting structures.
The backfilling will arrest the mine seepage resulting restoration of
ground water in the immediate vicinity of the area.
The unlined garland drain and sedimentation pond will enhance the run-
off recharge.
Further, sufficient available rainfall recharge of aquifers will supplement
the restoration of ground water regime of the surrounding area.
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 13
4.2.3 WATER BALANCE
Table-4.3: Gross Annual Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone
GROUNDWATER DRAFT Mcum
1. NET IRRIGATION USE
i. For 1384 Ha area 1.64
ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) (-) 0.41
Net irrigation use 1.23
2. COMMUNITY USE
i. Total population 35376 (@ 70 lpcd for 365 days) 0.90
ii. For cattle population (10% of item i): 0.09
iii. Mine use (mine water)
(for all mines falling in the buffer zone) 1.71
Total Community use 2.70
3. NET ANNUAL MINE DISCHARGE
i Total Mine Pumping in the Area
(for all mines falling in the buffer zone) 4.35
ii Mine Use (-) 1.71
iii Total discharge after mine use 2.64
iv 20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.53
v Net mine discharge in the area 2.11
4 GROSS ANNUAL GROUNDWATER DRAFT FOR ‘ALL USES’
IN BUFFER ZONE 6.04
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 14
Table-4.4: Groundwater Recharge Estimation of Buffer Zone (As Per GEC’97)
i) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Rainfall Infiltration Method
Description of items
1. Area
Sedimentary (sq.km) 259.20
Hard Rock (sq.km) 138.25
2. Normal Rainfall during
a. Monsoon season (in mm) 1192.2
b. Non-monsoon season (in mm) 130.2
c. Is non-monsoon season rainfall as a percentage of normal annual rainfall greater than 10% (yes/no) (*Then Non-monsoon Rainfall Recharge will also not be taken)
No* (9.85%)
3. Rainfall infiltration factor Sedimentary Hard Rock
12% 8%
4. Rainfall recharge in Buffer zone by Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method
Sedimentary Hard Rock
Total
a. Monsoon season (Mcum) [ (1) * (2a) * (3) ]
37.01 13.16 50.17
b. Non-monsoon season (M.Cum) [ = Nil if (2c) is ‘No’ = (1) * (2b) * (3) if (2c) is ‘Yes’ ]
- - -
Total 37.01 13.16
Gross Rainfall Recharge (Mcum) 50.17
ii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Water Level Fluctuation Method during monsoon season
Description of items Sedimentary Hard Rock
1. Area (sq.km) 259.2 138.25
2. Water Table Fluctuation (m) 3.17 2.21
3. Specific Yield 4% 3%
4. Change in Groundwater Storage [ (1) * (2) * (3) ] (M cum)
32.87 9.17
5. Total (M cum) 42.04
6. Gross groundwater Draft for ‘All Uses’ during monsoon season (M cum) (from Table: 7.v.1.d.)
1.60
7. Gross Rainfall Recharge (M cum) [ (5) + (6) ]
43.64
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 15
iii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone after comparing results from Water Level
Fluctuation Method and Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method during monsoon
season
Description of items Quantity
1. Rainfall Recharge during monsoon season in Buffer Zone
a. By Water Level Fluctuation Method (Mcum) 43.64
b. By Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method (Mcum) 50.17
2. Difference between (1a) and (1b) expressed as a percentage of (1b), ‘PD’
[{(1a) – (1b)/ (1b)}*100] -13.02%
3. Rainfall Recharge in the Buffer Zone during monsoon season (Mcum) [ = (1a) if ‘PD’ is between -20 and +20% = 0.8 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is less than -20% = 1.20 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is greater than +20% ]
43.64
iv) Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone
Description of items (Mcum)
1. Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone
a. During Monsoon season ( Rainfall Infiltration Method ) 43.64
b. During Non-monsoon season (Rainfall Infiltration Method) (from Table: 4.4.i.4.b)
NIL
c. Annual [ (1a) + (1b) ] 43.64
2. Recharge from ‘Other Sources’
a. During Monsoon season 1.54
i. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.)
ii. Recharge through water bodies in the area:
(6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 150)
0.17
1.37
b. During Non-monsoon season 2.73
i. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) through irrigation (from Table: 6.1.ii.)
ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.)
iii. Recharge through water bodies in the area:
(6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 215)
0.41
0.36
1.96
c. Total Annual [ (2a) + (2b) ] 4.27
3. Gross Annual Groundwater Recharge [ (1c) + (2c) ] 47.91
4. Natural discharge and other losses
a. [ 5% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by ‘Water table Fluctuation Method’
2.40
b. [ 10% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by ‘Rainfall Infiltration factor Method’
NIL
5. Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone [ (3) – (4) ] 45.51
6. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer Zone 6.04
7. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (Net Annual
Groundwater Availability – Gross Annual Groundwater Draft) 39.47
CMPDI
Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 16
v) Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer zone
Description of items Monsoon Season
Non-monsoon season
Total
1. Gross Groundwater Draft of the Buffer Zone [ from Table No – 4.3]
(Mcum) (Mcum) (Mcum)
a. Irrigation Draft - 1.23 1.23
b. Community Water Draft 0.90 1.80 2.70
c. Industrial Draft (Net Mine Discharge) 0.70 1.41 2.11
d. ‘All Uses’ [ (1a) + (1b) + (1c) ]
1.60 4.44
2. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone [sum of monsoon and non-monsoon season]
6.04 Mcum
vi) Stage of Groundwater Development in Buffer Zone
Description of items Buffer Zone
1. Stage of Groundwater Development
a. Net Groundwater Availability (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.iv.5.) 45.51
b. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.v.2.) 6.04
c. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge 39.47
d. Stage of Groundwater Development [ {(1b) / (1a)} * 100 ] 13.27%
Table-8: Groundwater Balance of Core Zone
A. Ground Water Recharge Mcum
Recharge through rainfall in geographical area (Rg)
(3.22 sq.km x 1.3224 m rainfall x 12% infiltration) 0.51
Gross Recharge (Rg): 0.51
Natural discharges & other losses (10% of Rg): (-) 0.05
Net Annual Ground water Recharge: 0.46
B. GROUNDWATER DRAFT
Mine Pumping 1.30
20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.26
Net mine discharge in the area 1.04
Industrial water consumption of mine will be fulfilled through mine pumping
Net Annual Groundwater Draft 1.04
C. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (A-B) -0.58
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 17
The net groundwater availability and ground water draft are estimated as
45.51 Mm3 and 6.04 Mm3 respectively for this area. Moreover, it is found from the
water balance study that the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to about
39.47 Mm3 after considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation
requirements of the area. Hence, it is estimated that there is surplus water available
per annum from the ground water annual recharge after catering to the future
requirement in the buffer zone.
However, in the core zone, the extraction of ground water by mining will be
1.04 Mm3 per annum, which is more than the annual rainfall recharge (0.46 Mm3).
This balance quantum (0.58 Mm3) of over extraction will be met through the
surrounding strata (buffer zone) as the water bearing geological strata cannot be
viewed in isolation, as core zone is <5% of its buffer zone area.
Groundwater balance diagram and Water usage diagram is given in Figure
4.3, and 4.4 respectively
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 18
Figure 4.3: Groundwater balance flow diagram of buffer zone, Basundhara West Extn. OCP
Precipitation (A) (All Values are in M.Cu.m)
Evaporation
1322.4 mm
Surface Runoff
Specific Yield Sedimentary 4.0%
Hard rock: 3%,
5% Net Draft
of Rg (10.08)
Evapotranspiration
Land System
(397.45 sq.km)
Gross annual Groundwater
Recharge (Rg)
(47.91)
Nearby Old Abandoned quarry/peripheral village
pond/Agriculture field
Net Mine Discharge
(2.11)
Sedimentation Tank /Filter
Plant
Net Irrigation
use (1.23)
Oil & Grease
Trap
Balance Annual Available
Groundwater Resource
(39.47)
Natural
Discharges &
other losses
(2.40)
Community use (2.70)
Soak Pit
Industrial use Domestic use
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 19
Figure 4.4: Water usage diagram of Basundhara West Extn. OCP
(All Values are in m3 / day)
2391 m3/day Industrial Need 190 m3/day 394 m3/day 1019 m3/day 20% Infiltration loss 788 m3/day
Fire fighting Service
394 m3/day
Haul road watering/Dust Suppression /water losses 788 m3/day
Sedimentation
Tank
2391 m3/day
HEMM Washing/ Workshop needs/floor washing
190 m3/day
Irrigation, Water supply & other uses in peripheral villages
Sedimentation and filtration
20% loss
2391 m3/d
Pond/ Tank/Old
quarry
(815 m3/day)
MINE DISCHARGE
2989 m3/day
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 20
4.2.4 GROUNDWATER STAGE DEVELOPMENT
Coal mining is the major industrial activity in the area. CGWB, South Eastern Region,
Bhubaneswar has reported the stage of ground water development in Hemgir development
block (where Basundhara West Extn. OCP exist), Sundergarh district as 15.05 % and
identified the region with category “Safe”. The ground water development in Sundergarh
district was reported as 26.14 % and identified under the category of “Safe”. Stage of
groundwater development for buffer zone of the project area determined is about 13.27 %,
which is also under ‘safe’ category.
4.2.5 WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROJECT
Water demand Quantity (KLD)
Potable 500
Industrial (including fire-fighting) 1510
Total 2010
The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP old
Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West) OCP
sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used from its
own mine sump.
4.2.6 PREDICTED MINE WATER INFLOW AND DISPOSAL
Table 4.5: Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum)
Source Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum)
Seepage from strata and surrounding, etc. 1.09
The waste water from mine will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine
floor from where it will be pumped out and diverted to a sedimentation pond to arrest
suspended solids. Then, the clear water will be recycled for industrial use, fire
fighting, watering of plants and dust suppression in haul road besides washing of
dumpers or dozer in workshop. The pumping of mine water during mining in
Basundhara West Extn. OCP will not adversely affect the ground water regime in the
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 21
surrounding area due to availability of sufficient replenishable annual ground water
recharge in the area. As a matter of fact, the mine make-up water will be conserved
in the lower benches as a step for rain water harvesting to meet project water
requirement.
4.2.7 CONCLUSION
The following conclusion is drawn from the above study:
Mining operation will create voids or depressions, which are inducing or
accelerating rainfall recharge and run-off in the mining area.
After considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation
requirements, the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to
about 39.47 Mm3/annum.
Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated effluents
totally to the extent possible by keeping the make-up of water in different
sumps or low lying area of the project.
4.3 NOISE QUALITY
4.3.1 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are
generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in
neighbouring communities.
The other impacts are occupational health hazards, damage to structures,
disruption in wildlife, etc.
NOISE PRODUCING SOURCES
The sources of noise will be:
Drilling operation in OB
Blasting for overburden
Operation of HEMMs
Operation of equipment in CHP, workshop, etc.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 22
The noise associated with mining activities may be classified into three types:
Continuous
Intermittent
Impulse
IMPACT OF NOISE
The workmen associated with the operation of HEMMs, etc. will
experience a noise level above stipulated 90 dB (A) [DGMS Circular, No.18
(Tech.) of 1975] for more than 4-4.5 hours per shift. Unless suitable
mitigatory measures are taken, high noise pollution will have impact on the
workmen. It is worthwhile to mention that intermittent and impulse noises are
considered to be less dangerous than continuous noise due to the short
exposure duration except under the situation when the level exceeds 115 dB
(A).
4.3.2 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
The following control measures shall be taken:
Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms
like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and
shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment.
Routine maintenance of equipment.
Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery.
Greenbelts around the quarry, infrastructure sites, service building area
and township besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads to
maintain noise level at night time within the limit for the inhabited
localities situated at a very close proximity.
Locating township away from noise centre.
HEMMs with sound proof cabins.
Provision of isolation for vibrating equipment (both fixed and mobile)
foundation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 23
Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise
areas.
Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.
4.4 RISKS AND HAZARDS
Risks and hazards arise mainly from blasting and mine occupational activities
and are well established.
4.4.1 IMPACT ON BLASTING VIBRATION
Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the vicinity
of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit geology,
topography and confinement of the blast.
Measures for safe blasting
Due attention will be given to the following factors:
(a) All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed.
(b) Overcharging will be avoided and quantity of explosive will be decided
as per conditions imposed by DGMS.
(c) Stemming material to be used is sand. However, the drill cuttings and
chips of triangular shape can be used as an effective stemming material
with proper packing.
(d) Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube
initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row.
(e) Blasting will be done in day time during the shift change over period as
per requirement. However, the frequency of blasting will depend upon
the availability of land (tenancy in particular), DGMS permission for use
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 24
of explosive, meteorological condition, geo-mining condition and
method of mining.
(f) Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can
move to safe places.
4.4.2 BLASTING AND VIBRATION CONTROL MEASURES
Proper conformation to measures for safe blasting as mentioned above,
to avoid damage to any structure or annoyance to the people in the
colony area or neighbouring villages.
Proper design factor will be taken while constructing various structures
for stability against vibration.
A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry.
This zone will be kept free from village habitation and community
infrastructure and thus impact of vibration after blasting on the surface
structures is avoided.
Controlled blasting will be done near built-up areas and surface
features, as and when required.
Adoption of present day technology of use of site mixed slurry (SMS)
explosives.
4.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE
The major adverse impact is the displacement and rehabilitation /
resettlement of affected people including change in culture, heritage & related
features. The crime and illicit activities also prop-up due to sudden economic
development of the area.
POSITIVE IMPACTS:
The project is likely to give a boost to the economy of the area and providing
primary and secondary sectors employment to local people.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 25
Project will lead to development of ancillary industries and an overall economic
growth of nearby towns to supplement the population of the area.
Project proponent will ensure to connect even last people with the
infrastructural facility like educational, health, road etc in the locality.
Social-economic aspects of local inhabitants will be dealt with CSR activities in
the region as per the schedule VII activities of Company Act, 2013.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS:
There are two villages (Ratansara & Gopalpur(P)) that fall within the Core
zone of the project in which 316 Project affected Families (PAFs) are to be
rehabilitated and resettled (R&R). It will also affect the social structures of the
villages.
There will be transformation of many aspects of human life like social
structures, livelihood pattern, health institution, education etc which is subject
to realization and behavioral change of the PAFs.
4.5.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MITIGATION MEASURES:
A) Resettlement/Rehabilitation
This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of
“Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.
Table 4.6: R&R Implementation Status
Telendih (Part of village
Gopalpur)
Cat Total PAFs
Entitle for Resettlement
benefits Employment
Monetary Compensation
Total Project
Affected Persons
Employment Provided
MC Paid
I 90 90 55 35 234 40 30
III 6 0 4 2 16 0
96 90 59 37 250 40 30
Other displaced families
9 0 0 0 33
TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283
Ratansara (Part)
The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial survey was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 26
B) Secondary Employment opportunities
There will be spontaneous economic stimulus in the area with the
commencement of expansion of opencast mine. Traders and private enterprises will
grow in the area with this economic growth. Besides, the State exchequer will derive
financial revenues through levy of royalty, sales tax etc. and Central Government will
also be benefited by way of Central Sales Tax, Income Tax, Cess‘s etc.
C) Educational Facilities
There are 87 primary schools, 45 middle schools, 18 secondary schools, 5
Senior Secondary School, 1 ITI and 3 colleges etc educational institutions in the
study area. Project proponent will look after the skill development needs of the
people through CSR activities.
D) Medical Facilities
There are 1 CHC, 15 primary health sub centre and 1 maternity & child welfare
centre, 5 dispensary etc are located in the area. There is one dispensary and one
hospital of project proponent are also operating in the area.
Every worker is to be periodically checked up once in every five years
keeping proper record of their health profile including X-ray and laboratory tests by
establishing and extending pathological facilities. The importance of such periodical
medical examination is to detect and prevent occupational diseases like
Pneumoconiosis and Tuberculosis. The mining activities expose workers to some
injuries and health hazards. Incidence of occupational disease and injuries and
health hazards has not been recorded in those health centers / hospitals.
E) Preventive measures: -
The project proponent authorities have adopted following measures to prevent
occupational diseases and health hazards.
Pre-employment, pre-placement and periodic medical examination of
employees.
Regular monitoring of working environment and implementation of safety and
control measures, to prevent hazards.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 27
Use of protective equipments, clothing, helmets, Gas mask, shoes, etc.
Periodical medical examination of every worker is done to detect preventable
and curable diseases at an early stage.
Status of CSR In Basundhara Area
Sector wise CSR Expenditure in respect of Basundhara Area, project
proponent for the financial Year 2015-16 to 2018-19.
Table 4.7: Sector wise CSR expenditure details for last four years
CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)
Sl No Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21
2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5
3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99
4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68
5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65
6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78
Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81
In FY 2018-19, there is Rs. 328.81 lakhs which has been successfully spent
under the CSR to take care the community residing in the Basundhara area.
Areas to be covered under the CSR activities:
1. Supply of water for drinking and domestic use in the nearby villages.
2. Education facility is to be enhanced in the area to improve the education level
of the villagers. It is also needed that a facilitator in the school may also
improve the quality of teaching and will be interactive and participatory.
3. Medical facilities in the area is to be enhanced so that symptoms of illness
may be reduced.
4. It is required to work on the cleanliness and toilet construction in the area as
open defecation is prevalent in the area.
5. There is need to develop places for community use like community centres,
play ground etc.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 28
6. It is also need of the time to connect the villagers to different skill
development and livelihood programmes so that economical condition can be
improved and quality of life.
7. It is also needed that to do forward linkage of the finished goods of the nearby
areas.
4.6 IMPACT ON BIO-DIVERSITY
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict
the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program or
project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
Possible Impacts
The major adverse impacts due to pre-mining and mining phases are loss of
habitat, biodiversity, flora & fauna, fisheries & other aquatic life, migration of wildlife
and overall disruption of the ecology of the area. Due to mining activity, the land use
will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying, transportation etc. The physical
and / or biological reclaimed land would undergo transformation over time which would
have positive impact on environment.
As per Simpsons biodiversity index, the Core zone values ranged between
0.33 - 0.72, which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. This suggests that there
are more species in the buffer zone of the study area. The values calculated through
this index reflects the good biodiversity in the study area as a whole. Therefore, due to
mining activities, there would be direct as well as indirect impact on ecology and
biodiversity. The Project Proponent therefore needs to provide adequate measures for
minimizing the impact on biodiversity and also carry out extensive plantation and
afforestation in an open areas for creating and augmenting natural resources.
It is found that both core and buffer zones are found to be free from
endangered / endemic species of Flora and Fauna, migratory species of Fauna,
migratory corridors, breeding and spawning grounds are not present within the survey
area of the project. However, the buffer zone has several patches of natural forest
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 29
which needs to be conserved and extensive afforestation plan is recommended for
augmenting natural resources.
In the area mining activities are going on. The population of fauna, especially
mammals is found to be low. So there will be no adverse impact on the fauna existing
in the project impact zone.
4.6.1 IMPACT ON FLORA
The core zone vegetation is partially natural, remaining are agricultural lands
predominantly paddy cultivated. The wild vegetation is denuded by the neighbouring
villagers. Only few sporadic trees (Mahua, tendu, kadam, neem, mango) present.
Invaded shrubs like Chromolaena, wild sponge guard, are frequently present. The
buffer zone vegetation contains some patches of Sal forest, agriculture lands and a
small hill range forest. The natural ecosystem will be disturbed in the core zone area
because of the mining project. When the project is started, the people living in the
core zone area will start using the bio resources of the buffer zone area, which leads
some impact on the natural ecosystem of the buffer zone.
4.6.2 IMPACT ON FAUNA
The Project area comes under IB valley Coalfield, where mining activities are
prevalent since last many years. There were no major faunal habitats in the proposed
mining area. During survey, it was observed that endangered, endemic and migratory
species were not present in the study area. Also, migratory corridors, flight paths and
spawning grounds were not present in the study area. However, Post mining phase it
is suggested to reclaim the mine spoil area through adequate technical & biological
reclamation methods, so that the vegetation will support habitat development for
various types of faunal species.
4.6.3 CONTROL MEASURES
4.6.3.1 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT ON FLORA
The enhancement of forest area occurs due to measures like biological
reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation,
compensatory afforestation creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 30
Water body created by the final voids is beneficial to flora as the area is
prone to water scarcity.
This project will have no detrimental impact on diversity of floral species
within terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
4.6.3.2 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACT ON FAUNA
The balance in the regional population will be maintained in natural
course, owing to existing undisturbed forest areas in the vicinity of the
project. The increase in green cover due to implementation of various
measures like biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture /
afforestation adopted by the mine establishment will be an added
bonus, though expected in distant future.
The mine will be a “zero-discharge” one. If required, water is
discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse impact on
downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.
The project is not likely to have impact on the faunal species diversity
within the terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
4.6.4 SPECIES COMPOSITION FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
Creation of a greenbelt with local species will enhance the project
area. The greenbelt should be developed around the quarry,
infrastructure sites, service building area and township besides
avenue plantation on both sides of the roads.
The purpose of a green belt around the mining site is to capture the
fugitive emissions, attenuate the noise generated and improve
aesthetics. Green vegetation cover is beneficial in many ways in
terms of conservation of biodiversity, retention of soil moisture,
recharge of ground water and maintaining pleasant micro climate of
the region. In addition, vegetation cover can also absorb pollutants
from the environment and helps in effective pollution control.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 31
The mix of species suggested for green belt development are
presented below in table 4.8. This may be taken up after due
consultation with concerned forest division.
Table 4.8: List of Plants recommended for green belt development/ land
reclamation
Common Name Family Name Botanical Name
Babool Leguminosae Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Delile
Australian black wattle Leguminosae Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth.
Bitter Albizia Leguminosae Albizia amara (Roxb.) B.Boivin
Sirish Leguminosae Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth
Black sirish Leguminosae Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth.
White sirish Leguminosae Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.
Saptaparni Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.
Kadam Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk)A. Rich ex Walp
Jack tree Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllusLam.
Neem Meliaceae Azadirachta indica (L.) A.Juss.
Bamboo Bombacaceae Bambusa arundinaceae L.
Polash Leguminosae Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Papita Caricaceae Carica papaya L.
Yellow oleander Apocynaceae Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold
Avenue cassia Leguminosae Cassia siamia Lamk.
Coconut Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L.
Seasam Leguminosae Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC
Gulmohur Leguminosae Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raffin
Putrajevi Euphorbiaceae Drypetus roxburghii (Wall.) Hurus
Silk cotton Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn
Coral tree Leguminosae Erythrina indica Lam.
Eucalyptus, blue gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus teriticornis Sm.
Udumbara, Fig Moraceae Ficus racemosa L.
Bassora tragacanth, ghost tree
Malvaceae Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight
Quick stick Leguminosae Gliricidia sepium (Jack.) Kunth ex Walp.
Silver oak Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn ex R.Br.
Bitter orange Rutaceae Citrus aurantium L.
Banaba Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers
Subabol Leguminosae Lucina leucophloea (Lamk) de wit
Shajan Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam.
Copper pod Leguminosae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Baker ex Heyne
Jungle Jilepe Leguminosae Pithecellobium dulce L.
Karanj Leguminosae Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
Ashoka Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia(Sonn.)Thw.
Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guajava L.
Kusum Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 32
Common Name Family Name Botanical Name
Sal Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Gaertn f
Java olive tree Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida L.
Vijaysar Leguminosae Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
Teak Verbenaceae Tectona grandis L.
Portia tree Malvaceae Thespesia populnea (Linn) Soland ex corr
Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia tinctoria R.Br.
Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.
4.7 IMPACT ON LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE
4.7.1 IMPACT ON LAND USE PATTERN
The major direct impacts on existing land use during the pre-mining phase
are the removal of vegetation and resettlement of displaced population. There may
also be land use changes with respect to agriculture, fisheries, recreation sites,
housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of mined out lands may
give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.
There exists major environment impacts due to landscape disruption
particularly visuals (unsightly huge dumps, voids, mine structures, subsidence, mine
fires, etc.). During mining and post-mining phases drastic changes in landscape with
landforms take place. The major associated impacts are soil-erosion, loss of top soil,
change in complete geology & voids, disposal of wastes, deforestation, etc.
Irrespective of the type of mining used for extracting coal, mining invariably
results in enormous land disturbance – e.g. large scale excavation, removal of top
soil, dumping of solid wastes, cutting of roads, creation of derelict land, etc. Opencast
mining has more potential impact on land than underground mining. With improved
technology, opencast coal mining is being used extensively because of its cost
effectiveness and productivity; though it results in large-scale land disturbance. The
alteration in land use pattern due to infrastructure is not to be considered as true
change as these facilities can be utilized for some other purposes after the mining
operation is over. The alteration in land use pattern due to activities of quarrying and
external dumping of OB materials may be considered as true change in land use
pattern.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 33
4.7.2 POST CLOSURE LAND USE
Sl. No.
Land Use during Mining
Land Use (Ha)
Plantation Water-Body
Public Use Undisturbed/
Dip side slope Total
1 External OB
Dump Nil --
2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --
3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87
4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57
5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48
Mine lease
Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92
Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.
4.7.3 CONTROL MEASURES TO RESTORE LAND USE & LANDSCAPE
There is no external dumping in proposed project for initial three years
7.66 Mm3 of OB will be dumped internally in 36.0 Ha of existing
Basundhara (W) OCP mine void.
From 3rd year of production internal backfilling will be started in its own
quarry.
Appropriate garland drain is to be provided to collect run-off.
Backfilled area is to be reclaimed biologically and technically.
During the process, the geometrical shape of the dumps is altered to
make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide
safety and stability.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 34
The face slopes of the dump will be maintained at the natural angle of
repose of the material and at overall slope angle of 26o to 28o. Suitable
arrangement will be made for collection of storm water.
At initial stage scrapped top soil will be stored separately and reused as
early as possible to layover the backfilled area for biological
reclamation.
Arboriculture is to be carried out in the vacant areas.
Proper afforestation/plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt
development.
4.8 IMPACT ON TRAFFIC MOVEMENT & CONTROL MEASURES
Surface Miner (-100mm) coal from benches will be transported by rear
dumpers to the newly constructed Sardega siding, which is adjacent to the mine
lease.
The following impacts are anticipated:
Ambient air on the both sides of the road will be affected due to PM10,
PM2.5, SO2 and NOX.
Noise nuisance due to movement of HEMMs.
Creation of ruts and potholes on the surface of the road.
Road accidents.
The following control measures will be adopted:
Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface.
Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes.
Proper illumination of roads including haul road.
4.8.1 VISUAL/AESTHETIC IMPACTS & CONTROL MEASURES
The following visual impacts are anticipated:
Due to excavation of coal and OB as well as transportation, the area
may have spots of eyesore, unless proper mitigatory measures are
adopted.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 35
Water logging may occur due to changes in the drainage pattern of the
area.
Loss in aesthetic value of the surrounding environment.
The following control measures will be adopted :
Physical and biological reclamation of mined out land to the extent
possible to ameliorate the environment.
Regular supervision to detect the spots of eyesore and to remove the
same immediately.
4.9 IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH
Various respirable and water-borne diseases are cause of concern for public
health and safety in mining areas due to high intensity dust nuisance and pollution of
water bodies and contaminated water supply. Health care centers (medical centers)
are usually distantly located and provision of medical facilities by project developers
results in beneficial impact. There is a general cause of concern for safety due to
blasting/ explosions, noise & vibrations, etc.
4.9.1 CONTROL MEASURES ON PUBLIC HEALTH
By providing good quality sanitation, medical facilities and other
infrastructural facilities, there is likelihood of reduction in disease. However, regular
medical check up of employees particular those put on risky and occupational
hazards will be done periodically in different projects of MCL and same will be
continued for this project also.
4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict
the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program or
project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
During survey it is observed that, areas which are important or sensitive for
ecological reasons – wetlands, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains are not present
within the 10 km buffer zone of the project. Also, Areas used by protected, important or
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 36
sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over
wintering, migration are not present within the study area.
Possible Impacts:
The land use will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying,
transportation, etc. At the end of mine life the proposed land use area will be same as
pre-mining land use. Post mining land use will consists of reclamation area, water
body, dip side slope, plantation area, built-up area, undisturbed area, etc.
Traffic will increase for the transportation of men and material. Dust particles
will be generated due to these and project activities. But, these will be within the
limits. There will be marginal or no impact on terrestrial species (plants & animals),
nearby Crops, aquatic species, Habitats, aesthetic of the area and natural resources.
Impacts on flora
The impact on the terrestrial ecosystem due to operation of the proposed
mining would mainly occur from deposition of air pollutants. There will be loss of
vegetation by excavation and dumping thereby affecting the species for which such
vegetation was the host. The effects of air emissions on nearby vegetation and crop
lands are not likely to be injurious and noticeable as the pollutants concentrations are
expected to be well within the prescribed standards.
Impacts on fauna
As the fauna is closely related to and dependant on the flora, there will be
movement of species away from mine lease area due to noise, vibrations and lights.
This project is an ongoing project.
As these are ongoing projects adjacent to the proposed project, the fauna of
the area will not be disturbed.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 37
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure that the environmental
quality of the area does not deteriorate due to the operation of the project. An EMP is
a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified
and implemented in order to protect the environment and comply
with environmental legislation.
Dust Pollution Control
Continuous water sprinkling should be carried out on the roads to prevent
dusting due to vehicle movements.
Noise Pollution Control
Noise pollution created due to the project activities can be mitigated through
development of green belts with dense woody growth and wider crown trees.
Creation of green barriers through afforestation in degraded and vacant areas in
core and buffer zone have a long term benefits in reducing ambient air quality, for
clean air, sound, dust barrier, carbon sink, soil conservation, ecological restoration of
the natural systems and landscape development.
Reclamation of Degraded Mining Areas
The degraded land and OB dumps should be biologically reclaimed which will
improve the green cover in the area. Adequate numbers of vegetation should be
grown on the top surface and slopes of the dumps in order to arrest the erosion of
soil and it also reduces surface runoff, which helps averting siltation of natural
watercourses. In order to arrest siltation from OB dump, catch drains and garland
drains of adequate size should be constructed around the periphery of external OB
Dumps. Also, garland drains of adequate size should be provided around the quarry
edges. These drains should be regularly desilted before onset of every monsoon.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 4, Page - 38
Greenbelt Development:
Degraded vegetation and fallow lands should be converted into vegetable
farms. Creation of three tier plantation with tall growing tress all along the periphery of
the coal handling area, inside & outside of the premises along with roads can prevent
spreading of dust pollution.
Planting of diversified fruit yielding and flowering trees of evergreen and
deciduous variety could provide continuous supply of food resource as well as
perching sites, nesting materials and shelter to arboreal fauna. The plant species
which are useful for green barrier development to prevent dust and noise pollution,
planting in the degraded mine leased areas are as follows.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 5, Page - 1
Chapter – 5
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Coal accounts to 56% of India’s primary commercial energy. About 73% of
pwer generated in India’s from coal. Therefore, coal industry in India has expanded
enormously over the years in terms of volume of production and is poised to grow
rapidly in future also to meet the over increasing energy demand.
In order to meet growing energy demand, opening of new coal mines and
expansion of existing mines are being planned.
The mining operation like drilling, blasting, extraction, transportation, crushing
and other associated activities are carried out in opencast mining. Mining operations
may affect the environment & ecology, unless carefully planned and controlled.
There is a need for balance between mining and environmental requirement.
5.2 MINING TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
This project lies on west of Basundhara West OCP (7.0 Mty). Total 369.77
Ha land is required for the project out of which 227.62 Ha is forest land. Total Mine
Lease Area is 323.92 Ha.
The life of the proposed project is 12 Years. Total Extractable Reserve is
92.73 Mt.
MP/MCP has been prepared for mining the total area available under coal
block named “Chaturdhara Block” of Ib-valley coalfield. All drawings, estimates and
calculations are based on final Geological reports for Chaturdhara block.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 5, Page - 2
5.2.1 MINING METHOD
The proposed mining block represents presence of multiple coal seams with
intermediate varying parting. Seams occur in wide area having power grade coal
reserve. So this will make the project most viable by adopting opencast mining
method.
5.2.2 CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY
Different technologies like shovel-dumper mining, dragline mining, bucket
wheel excavator mining and surface miner-payloader-truck mining are available for
opencast mining.
For coal deposit in block under consideration, surface miner-payloader-dump
truck mining is proposed. In the earlier approved report, shovel dumper mining
system was proposed for removal of OB above the seams. The same is to continue.
Considering the annual target capacity of 8.75 Mt and corresponding yearly
overburden removal, higher capacity of shovel and dumpers are suggested for top
overburden removal. Top overburden above various seams will be removed by level
slicing method.
Operation of surface miner is found to be successful and environment
friendly as it does not require drilling, blasting and crushing of coal. For the proposed
extension project report it is assumed that coal production of 8.75 Mty will be by
surface miners. Surface miners will be working in windrowing method. In windrowing
mode the cut material is directly discharged behind the machine without using a
conveyor. Therefore the cutting operation is independent from the truck loading
operation, but the coal has to be rehandled by the front end loader which in turn
loads the coal into the dump truck. For many reasons, the higher productivity in
windrowing method compensates the rehandling cost. In addition, no belt wear and
no operating cost for conveyor will arise when working with windrowing mode of
operation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 5, Page - 3
5.2.3 MINING SYSTEM & SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Benches will be aligned along general strike. Bench floor should follow own
seam floor/roof or that of adjacent seam. Main bench parameters for above
mentioned equipments are:
Maximum bench height : 10-12 m for 10 cum electric rope shovel and 6-8
m or less for 2.5-3Cum hydraulic shovel. Bench width : 22-32 m for overburden with 10cum electric
rope shovel. Coal bench width will be kept at a minimum width of 50m for surface miner operations.
Working angle : 700 with horizontal for individual working bench. Again, bench dimensions may vary with different equipments deployed.
5.3 BASIC MINE PARAMETERS Following table shows broad mining parameters of the proposed mine:
Table – 5.1: Geo-Mining Characteristics
Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per Extn. PR (8.75 Mty)
1 Area
i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05*
ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35*
2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73
3 Overburden Mcum 97.22
4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05
5 Annual production Mt 8.75
6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12
7 Strike length
i) Minimum m 951
ii) Maximum m 2757
8 Depth of quarry
i) Minimum m 3
ii) Maximum M 116
9 Avg. seam thickness M 24.05
10 Gradient - 30 - 80
11 Quarry perimeter Total M 8653.82
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 5, Page - 4
5.4 MINING STRATEGY
5.4.1 CONSTRAINTS ON MINE DEVELOPMENT
The proposed mining area included an extension of the approved quarry
boundary, by approximately 3.3 km to its west. This results in additional quarry area
of 306.5 ha(3.06 sq.km). This area has been annexed on the western side of the
quarry, crossing Basundhara river, flowing from north to south. There is no constraint
in mine development upto the presently fixed mine/quarry boundaries.
5.4.2 SEQUENCE OF MINING
Top soil is proposed to be removed and stacked either in temporary storage
areas or directly transported to backfilled area and leveled for reclaimation.
Top overburden would be excavated by 10m3 electric hydraulic shovels and
parting would be excavated by 5m3/2.5m3 hydrualic shovels.
Coal is proposed to be excavated by deploying surface miner along with a
combination of F.E.L. 5-6 cum & 60T rear dumpers.
5.4.3 ACCESS TRENCH
This quarry has been developed using an access trench originating 80m
(approx.) north of CMHG-024 and the same will be used for this quarry during its
advance towards dipside. The main haul road is proposed to be advanced straight
along the (approx.) dip direction of the quarry.
5.4.4 MINE DEVELOPMENT
The seam gradient varies from 3o to 8o. Higher capacity shovels are
proposed to be deployed for top overburden removal. Partings are proposed to be
removed by smaller capacity shovels.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 1
Chapter – 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MONITORING ORGANIZATION
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental management system is a system for maintaining and
reviewing the sustainable development of the mining project. It is the part of the
overall management system which includes an organization structure, planning
activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, process and resources for
developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental
policy.
6.1.2 AIMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Identification and control, impacts and risks.
Establishing an environmental policy, objectives and targets including
compliance with legislation.
Indentifying environmental opportunities.
Monitoring and continual improvement of environmental performance.
6.1.3 PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTATION
For the implementation of the Environmental Management System
within an organization, the first step is to define the environmental
policy.
The top management of the organization defines and documents its
environmental policy.
The second step is to conduct initial environmental reviews like
legislative and regulatory requirement, an identification of significant
environmental aspects, an examination of all existing environmental
management practices and procedures and an evaluation of feedback
from the investigation of the previous incidents to assess the company’s
environmental conditions.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 2
6.1.4 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
The Environmental Policy Statement and objectives of Corporate
Environmental Policy, 2012 of Coal India Limited is given below:
Coal India Limited (CIL) is committed to protect the environment through
prevention, mitigation of pollution, proper disposal and recycling of wastes,
conservation of bio-diversity and bringing awareness among all its stakeholders for
continual improvement in environmental performances following the best practices.
Objectives:
Coal India Limited shall endeavor to:
i. Conduct mining and associated operations in an environmentally
responsible manner to comply with applicable laws and other
requirements related to environmental aspects and Design Projects with
due consideration of Sustainable Development.
ii. Prevent pollution of surrounding habitation by continuous monitoring
and adopting suitable measures for environment protection.
iii. Ensure compliance of Environment Clearance (EC) and Forestry
Clearance (FC) conditions and other statutory conditions issued by
regulatory agencies.
iv. Implement Environment Management Plans (EMP) in all mines
effectively to mitigate pollutions of air, water, noise and land caused by
mining operations.
v. Strive to conserve bio-diversity.
vi. Conserve natural resources through the principle of REDUCE, REUSE,
RECYCLE, REDEFINE and REPLACE. Put special thrust on efficient
energy utilization as a measures to reduce carbon foot-print.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 3
vii. Strive for continual improvement in our environmental performances by
setting targets, measuring progress and taking corrective actions.
viii. Create awareness about environment among the employees and the
local communities through pro-active communication and training.
In view of the present fast changing social, economic and environmental
scenario, this policy shall be reviewed every 5 years to incorporate the changes in
the legal, technical, environmental, economic and social inputs prevailing at that time.
Whenever, there is change in National Environmental Policy or other National / State
relevant policies, Acts, etc., this Corporate Environmental Policy would be reviewed
and suitably revised.
6.2 MONITORING ORGANISATION 6.2.1 CORPORATE LEVEL
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL), the owner of this project, has an
Environment Department headed by a General Manager (Envt & Forest) at its HQs.
The department provides necessary support that is required for environmental
management of various mining projects under the jurisdiction of the company.
6.2.2 AREA LEVEL
MCL has been divided into a number of administrative units known as Area
each headed by a CGM/GM. The CGM/GM(s) of the Area(s) coordinate the
rehabilitation scheme, land reclamation, plantation, compensatory afforestation and
other environmental control measures including environmental quality monitoring in
consultation with the State Govt., Environmental Cell(s) of Area(s) and MCL (HQs),
Orissa Forest Development Corporation (OFDC), State Forest Dept., Staff Officer
(Environment) and SO (L&R) of the Area. The Staff Officer (Environment) gets the
necessary ministerial and other infrastructure facilities including a vehicle for
movement for effective implementation of various measures from the office of
CGM/GM of the Area.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 4
6.2.3 PROJECT LEVEL
The environmental management activities of the project will be carried out
under the overall supervision of the Project Officer. Following persons will be
provided for execution of the activities:
(a) Project Manager – Overall in charge of coal production, overburden
removal, land reclamation, safety, security and environmental control
measures of the mine and the persons working therein, R&R activities,
etc. He provides all the technical & administrative support for carrying
out the above activities.
(b) Project Safety Officer- Responsible for safety of the mine and
workers, control of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, ground
vibration, fire-fighting, etc.
(c) Project Civil Engineer – Responsible for construction and
maintenance of effluent treatment plants, black topping & metalling of
roads & haul roads, cleaning and overall housekeeping of the CHPs,
railway siding, construction and maintenance of check dams, garland
drains, fixed sprinkler at haul road, railway siding, etc.
(d) Project E&M Engineer – Responsible for dust suppression
arrangement in CHP & in surrounding area, firefighting arrangement in
CHP, coal stock etc.
(e) Project Excavation Engineer – Responsible for providing the water
tankers, dozers, graders etc. for air pollution control activities and land
reclamation activities.
(f) Project Survey Officer – R&R related activities and measurement of
land for reclamation, providing plan for next year’s plantation activities,
monitoring assistance, etc.
(g) Project Environment Engineer – He advises the Project Manager /
Project Officer on environmental management activities. Responsible
for submission of various reports & returns under the statutes. Timely
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 5
application for consent & permissions under environmental statutes. He
also arranges for biological reclamation and other plantation activities
through OFDC.
The organizational structures for mine as well as environmental management
and environmental monitoring are given in Fig.-6.1 & Fig.-6.2 respectively.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 6
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Director (Technical / Project & Planning)
Fig.- 6.1
General Manager (Environment. & Forest)
Chief Manager/Sr.Manager/Asst. Manager
(Environment,Mining,Survey)
GM (Land Aquistion & R&R)
CGM/GM (Area)
Staff Officer (Mining) Staff Officer (E&M) Staff Officer (Survey) with addl. Charge of Forest Staff Officer (Medical) Staff Officer (Safety) Staff Officer (Personnel) Staff Officer (Security)
Staff Officer (Civil) Staff Officer (Excavation) Staff Officer (Environment) Staff Officer (Finance) Staff Officer (Material Management) Staff Officer (System) Staff Officer (Training)
Project Officer Basundhara(W)Extn.
Project Manager (Mining) Project Manger (Finance) Project Engineer (Environment) Sr.Manager (Safety) Asst. Security Officer Personnel Manager Medical Officer
Project Engineer (E&M) Project Engineer (Excavation) Project Survey Officer with addl. Charge of Forest
Project Engineer (Civil)
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 7
6.3 MONITORING AND CONTROL
This is a new mine. Routine Environment Monitoring will be carried out in
proposed Basundhara West Extension OCP (8.75 Mty). For air, water and noise
pollution control measures, the samples will be collected and tested round the year
with appropriate frequency at strategic places. In case, it is found that any of the
parameters exceeds the tolerance limits then corrective measures will also be
suggested by CMPDI to MCL for implementation. The monitoring schedule and the
parameters which are being monitored are given below:
6.3.1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING
This includes the identification of major dust and gaseous sources and
estimation of their levels of emission. The monitoring network will be consisting of
Organizational Structure for Environmental Monitoring
Fig.- 6.2
RD, CMPDI RI-VII
HoD (Lab.)
Sampling Staff
Analyses of samples at NABL Accreditated
Laboratory at CMPDI, RI-7
Bhubaneswar
Results of
Analysis
Monthly Monitoring Report to Project Officer,
(Basundhara(W) Extn. OCP) GM, Basundhara Area &
GM (Envt.), MCL (HQs).
HoD(Env.) Monthly Monitoring
Report
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 6, Page - 8
the four monitoring stations in consultation with SPCB considering various
environmental impacts of air pollution.
6.3.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING
The following frequency will be maintained for water and effluent quality
monitoring for each station:
Drinking water quality monitoring
Once in a month for 24 parameters as per IS: 10500-1991.
Effluent quality monitoring
Once in a fortnight for 4 parameters;
Once in a year for 23 parameters.
6.3.3 GROUND WATER LEVEL MONITORING
From nearby wells located at appropriate locations, ground water level will be
monitored 4 times in a year (i.e. April/May, August, November & January).
6.3.4 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING
Noise level will be monitored for once in day time and once in night time in
each fortnight from each station.
However the sampling frequency and parameters may change as per the
Environmental Clearance letter Conditions.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 1
Chapter – 7
ADDITIONAL STUDIES The following additional studies have been considered for this project:
(i) Disaster Management
(ii) Social Impact and R&R Action Plan
(iii) Corporate Social Responsibility
(iv) Habitat Management / Wild Life Conservation Cost
(v) Public Consultation
(vi) Rain Water Harvesting
(vii) Slope Stability
7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT (RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT)
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Keeping in view the three basic principles i.e. prevention, preparedness (both
pro-active and reactive) and mitigation of effect through rescue, recovery, relief and
rehabilitation; a comprehensive blue print for risk assessment and management has
been drawn-up for the project incorporating the following:
Identification and assessment of risks.
Recommendation of measures to prevent damage to life and property
against such risks.
The following disasters / accidents may occur during normal operations of the
mine.
Slope failure. Dangers due to handling and use of explosives and accidents due to
fly-rocks and air-blasts following a faulty heavy blast. Hazards associated with use of electricity. Accidents due to unruly operation of HEMM.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 2
Dust hazards.
Fire hazards due to spontaneous heating of coal in stock piles and exposed benches.
Fire hazards in stores & workshops where inflammable & highly
inflammable materials are stored or used. Danger of inundation from surface and/or ground water.
7.1.2 SLOPE FAILURE IN MINE PIT
Slope failures are affected by the following factors:
Slope geometry
Geological Structure
Lithology
Ground Water
Mining method & equipment
Dynamic forces.
Shear strength of road and cohesion
Angle of friction
The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB will be left with a safe slope to
avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation,
safe terminal slope will be provided to avoid pit failure.
7.1.3 HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF OB DUMPS
Hazard of OB dump failure is mainly governed by following factors :
1. Height of benches.
2. Slope of benches.
3. Nature of material.
4. Slope of foundation rock.
5. Nature of foundation rock.
6. Drainage of foundation.
7. Depth of ground water table.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 3
7.1.4 PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE RISK OF OB DUMP FAILURE
1. OB benches will be made of <30m ht in each tier.
2. The angle of repose of each dump tier should be around 37o and overall
dump slope should be less than 26o.
3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed with OB rock.
4. The slope of ground will be kept mild so that it will not have any adverse
effect.
5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting
of OB dumping.
6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow
during monsoon below the OB dump.
7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may
have no adverse impact.
8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement at the toe of OB dumps
and at each dump tier should be done with much care and should be
monitored regularly.
9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.
10. A scientific study regarding slope stability and monitoring team should
be formed to assess the dump stability throughout the life of the mine.
11. A proper fencing with suitable material should be provided around dump
toe to prevent failure or unauthorized access towards dump toe.
12. Precautions shall be taken to prevent spontaneous heating and fire in
the carb shale when dumped along with overburden rock.
13. The backfilled area shall be kept benched and the distance of active
mine workings (faces) from the toe of the bottom most backfilled face
(bench) shall not be less than 60m.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 4
7.1.5 BLASTING AND VIBRATION STUDY
For proper blasting and minimizing the adverse side effects due to blasting
viz. noise, ground vibration, back-breaks, air blast and fly rocks etc., the optimal blast
design parameters will be suggested during the mine operation after conducting a
study for determining the blasting parameters. The following precautions have been
suggested to avoid dangerous situations:
The blasting operation shall be under the overall supervision of
competent person like Sr. Manager having First/Second Class Mine
Managers Certificate of competency.
Making of holes, charging and stemming the holes may be made under
the supervision of a competent person.
Care may be taken to see that there is no overcharging or
undercharging of the holes, the connections and arrangements of delay
detonators are in order.
Before a shot is fired the shot firer is required to ensure that all persons
within a radius of 500m from the place of firing (referred to as blasting
danger zone) have taken proper shelter, apart from giving sufficient
warning by efficient signals over the entire danger zone.
Blasting shall be carried out in conformity with the stipulation given by
DGMS, existing laws with closer control of blasting parameters
including blasting results like desired fragmentation, vibration, etc.
Blasting will be done in day time only.
Blast Induced Ground Vibration
When blasting is done in the opencast mines ground vibrations are
generated outward from the blast areas which cause damage to surrounding surface
structures. The vibrations radiating from blast holes while passing through surface
structures induce vibrations on the structures causing resonance. The component of
ground motion can effect the structures through compression and tension and also
through vertical and horizontal shearing effects. Blast induced ground vibration
creates socio economic problems for the mine management as well as the people
residing in the vicinity of these mines. As only 20-30% of energy of commercial
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 5
explosives used in mines is utilized for fragmenting the rock, the rest of the energy is
transmitted through the earth in the form of ground vibrations resulting in damage to
the surrounding structures.
Peak particle velocity (PPV) has so far been considered as the best
criteria for evaluating blast vibrations in terms of its potential to cause damage.
Depending on the type of structures and dominant excitation frequency,
Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) on the ground adjacent to the structures shall not
exceed the given values under different frequencies as per DGMS. (Tech circular
7/1997).
Table 7.1: Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) in mm/s
Type of Structures Dominant Excitation Frequency, Hz
A
Buildings/Structures not belonging to the owner <8 Hz 8-25 Hz >25 Hz
i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick & Cement)
5 10 15
ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed Structures)
10 20 25
iii) Objects of Historical importance 2 5 10
B
Buildings belonging to the owner with limited span of life
i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick & Cement)
10 15 25
ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed Structures)
15 25 50
Where any permanent building or structure of permanent nature not belonging
to mine owner lie within the danger zone, the aggregate maximum charge per delay
and per round shall not exceed the amount fixed by DGMS on the basis of a scientific
study.
7.1.6 EXPLOSIVE HANDLING
The present day technology of blasting with site mixed slurry/emulsion
(SMS/SME) explosive shall be used with milli second delay detonators that are
initiated by shock tube initiation system. SMS/SME is stored by the supplier as per
GOI Notification. Further, transport and charging are also done by the supplier on
the spot. Only priming will be done by the project authority.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 6
For storage of explosives meant for priming, detonating fuse and detonators,
one service magazine has been provided.
7.1.7 SAFETY RULES
Mining operations follow statutory mine safety rules administered by the
Directorate General of Mine Safety (DGMS), Chief Controller of Explosives and
others. Planning and design of electrical installations will take into account the
existing electricity rules to obviate the hazards due to use of electricity.
For creating safety awareness and imparting education on safe practices, the
following steps shall be taken:
Holding annual safety weeks.
Imparting basic and refresher training to new and old employees
respectively as per Vocational Training Rules.
7.1.8 MINE INUNDATION
Due care has been taken while formulating the PR to prevent water ingress
during mining operations from the higher ground local rivers/reservoir.
Embankment is not required because HFL against Basundhara river is 259 m
above the mean sea level. Surface of the quarry is more than 10 m above the HFL.
7.1.9 FIRE AND SPONTANEOUS HEATING
The most vulnerable points for fire in an opencast mine is in the Coal stock,
old coal benches with loose coal, HEMMs, OB dumps with carbonaceous shales etc.
The common accidents due to fire may take place while working or deploying shovels
in a fiery seam where there are chances of fall of sides forming thick cloud of hot dust
and injuring the personnel nearby. Accident due to fire may take place while dealing
with fire in coal stocks, old coal bench with fire etc. The following precautions may be
taken to deal with fire in OCPs.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 7
i) In order to prevent accidents due to fire every mine should have a
proper firefighting organization under the control of Manager of the mine
or the Safety officer. Firefighting stations should be established near the
entrance of the mine with adequate firefighting equipment.
ii) Adequate number of persons should be trained in firefighting who
should be familiar with all firefighting equipment.
iii) The coal stocks should be regularly liquidated or else it should be
properly dozed and made dome shaped to prevent entry of air and
prevent spontaneous heating.
iv) Pipe lines should be laid around the coal stock to deal with fire in case
of emergency.
v) In the quarry, the coal benches should be properly dressed and no
loose coals to be left which facilitate spontaneous heating.
vi) Before deploying any equipment in a fiery coal bench, it should be
isolated, dealt with fire and then allow machines to operate.
FIRE IN PROJECT STORES & WORKSHOPS
Sufficient provision will be made for the prevention & control of fire in the
project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & sub-stations by way of installing fire
extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection & refilling of fire extinguishers will
be done.
Where ever Fire extinguishers will be provided like Operator cabin, stores,
Workshops, Magazines etc. sufficient number of persons like operators, helpers
should know the use of fire extinguishers.
Systematic layout of both stores & workshops will be made so that
inflammable & highly inflammable materials do not come in contact with any spark or
flame. Adequate number of cautions in the form of hoardings will be displayed near
such places. While calculating total water demand for the project, provision for fire
fighting has also been made.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 8
7.1.10 HAUL ROAD MAINTENANCE
For proper haul road maintenance, following aspects will be considered and
implemented:
i) Proper design and maintenance of the haul roads
ii) Formulation, approval and enforcement of traffic rules regarding :
a) Speed limit
b) Parking and standing
c) Overtaking
iii) One way traffic, otherwise width should not be less than 3 times the
width of the largest vehicle.
iv) Gradient should not be greater than 1 in 16.
v) Berm should not less than 1 m in width.
vi) Separate machines and personnel for maintenance of haul road.
During rainy season soil erosion will take place and it will deteriorate the haul
road corridor and therefore.
i) Proper drainage arrangement shall be made along the haul road.
ii) Cross slopes (1 in 50 to 1 in 25) shall be provided on the haul road so
that water flows into the drain.
iii) Water barrier, cross drains, relief drains etc. should be constructed and
maintained properly.
iv) Culverts shall be designed, installed and maintained to withstand the
vertical soil pressure, weight of the vehicles plying over the road etc.
7.1.11 ILLUMINATION AND COMMUNICATION
Sufficient lighting as per standards will be provided at all the required places,
i.e. working faces, OB dump area, haul road, coal transfer points, loading points,
CHP, workshop, etc., to avoid accidents and to create efficient working conditions.
Provisions for efficient communication systems (both internal and external) to allow
communication link amongst various work centers to help avoid accidents and handle
emergencies will be made. The following standard of illumination as per DGMS may
be followed for better illumination in the mine.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 9
Table 7.2: Standards of lighting in Opencast Coal Mines
Sl. No.
Place / Area to be illuminated
Manner in which it is to be
illuminated
Minimum standard of illumination
(LUX)
Plane/Level in which the
illumination is to be provided.
1. General working areas as determined by the Manager in writing
0.2 At the level of the surface to be illuminated
2. Work place at Heavy Machinery
So as to cover the depth and height through which the machinery operates
5.0 10.0
Horizontal Vertical
3. Area where drilling rig works
So as to illuminate the full height of the rig
10.0 Vertical
4. Area where Bulldozer or other tractor mounted machine works
-- 10.0 At level of the Crawler tracks
5. Places where manual work is done
To be provided at level of the surface on which such work is done
5.0 10.
Horizontal Vertical
6. Places where loading, unloading or transfer, loading of dumpers, trucks or train is carried on
-- 3.0 Horizontal
7. Operators’ Cabins of machines or mechanisms
To be provided upto a height of 0.8 metres from floor level
30.0 Horizontal
8. At hand picking points along a conveyor belt
To be provided upto a distance of not less than 1.15 metres from the picker
50.0 On the surface of the conveyor belt
9. Truck haulage roads To be provided at level of the road
0.5 to 3.0 Horizontal
10. Rail haulage track in the pit
To be provided at level of the rail heads
0.5 Horizontal
11. Roadways and foot paths from bench to bench
-- 3.0 Horizontal
12. Permanent paths for use of persons employed etc.
-- 1.0 Horizontal
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 10
7.1.12 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES
Following facilities will be there in the project:
Provision of well-equipped workshops for maintaining HEMMs and
other equipment properly for avoiding their failures as well as the risk of
accidents.
Provision of stores for spare parts for quick maintenance.
7.1.13 TRAINING
Coal industry has set up a number of training institutes for imparting training
to its employees. These trainings are meant to raise awareness amongst workers for
performing their duties properly with safety.
Further, the personnel directly responsible for handling emergencies are
given training for making them better equipped for discharging the responsibilities.
Mock drills for checking the risk management preparedness will be carried out
regularly.
7.1.14 MEDICAL AID
For guarding against occupational and community health hazards, the
following measures will be taken:
Steps to control respirable dust, improve workplace environment and
reduce noise nuisance.
Periodic Medical Examination (PME) of workers.
Availability of improved medical facilities.
The coal company has a number of healthcare centres including a well
equipped Regional Hospital and a specialised “referral” hospital in the coalfield area.
Provisions of healthcare facilities have been provided in the project report.
Healthcare facilities have been provided in the neighbouring projects. The above
facilities will cater to the need of employees of this project. The local people can also
avail these healthcare facilities.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 11
7.1.15 CONCLUSION
With adoption of above preventive measures, the operation of this opencast
mine will be safe as well as environment friendly.
7.2 SOCIAL IMPACT, R&R ACTION PLAN
7.2.1 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of
“Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.
R&R Status of Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 MTY)
Telendih (Part of village
Gopalpur)
Cat Total PAFs
Entitle for Resettlement
benefits Employment
Monetary Compensation
Total Project Affected Persons
Employment Provided
MC Paid
I 90 90 55 35 234 40 30
III 6 0 4 2 16 0
96 90 59 37 250 40 30
Other displaced families
9 0 0 0 33
TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283
Ratansara (Part)
The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial survey was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.
7.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
7.3.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy of CIL:
1. Objectives : The main objective of CSR policy is to lay down
guidelines for the coal companies to make CSR a key business process
for sustainable development for the Society. It aims at supplementing
the role of the govt. in enhancing welfare measures of the society based
on immediate and long term social and environmental consequences of
their activities.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 12
2. Areas to be Covered : The poor and needy Section of the Society
living in and around coalfields and different parts of India normally to be
covered. The responsibility of the subsidiary shall be to execute CSR
within the radius of 15 Kms for every project and Areas including Head
quarters. Further Board of Directors of Subsidiary Companies can
approve specific cases of projects beyond mining areas with in
respective State.
3. Source of Fund : The fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of
the average net profit of the company for the three immediate preceding
financial years or Rs.2.00 per tonne of coal production of the previous
year whichever is higher.
SCOPE:
1. Education
2. Water Supply including drinking water.
3. Health care by providing Indoor medical facilities and medicines.
4. Environment
5. Social Empowerment
6. Infrastructure for Village Electricity/Solar Light/Pawan Chaki etc.
Recurring expenditure should be borne by the beneficiaries.
7. Sports and culture.
8. Generation of employment & setting up Co-operative Society.
9. Infrastructure Support.
10. Grant/donation/financial assistance/sponsorship to reputed NGOs
of the Society/locality doing/involve in upliftment of the standard of the
society.
11. Heritage sites in the CSR purview ensuring involvement of employee’s
representatives in this Project.
12. Empowerment of women for education / health & self-employment.
13. Relief to victims of Natural Calamities like Earth Quake, Cyclone,
draught and Flood situation in any part of the country.
14. Disaster Management Activities including those related to amelioration/
Mitigation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 13
15. Development of smokeless fuel out of coal and also arrangement
for distribution of efficient Chula to the villagers.
16. Adoption of village for carrying out the activities like infrastructural
development e.g. road, water supply, electricity and community center
etc.
The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. CMD may consider
CSR activities not falling in this list. The activities will be specific to the village
depending on the need assessed for the people. As far as possible efforts will
be made to co-ordinate with similar CSR activities that are taken up by the
Central or State Govt. All CSR activities should be environment friendly and
acceptable to the local people and society.
Table 7.3: CSR expenditure for the last year by Basundhara Area, MCL
(Rs. In Lakhs)
CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)
Sl No.
Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21
2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5
3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99
4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68
5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65
6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78
Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81
7.4 HABITAT MANAGEMENT / WILD LIFE CONSERVATION COST
As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Deptt. Vide letter
No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to
release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 14
management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakhs has been proposed for wild life
conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.
7.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION / HEARING Public hearing has been conducted on 14.012.2019. The detailed Public
Hearing proceeding is attached as Annexure III.
7.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rain water is naturally pure water except where it becomes acidic due to
industrial pollution. The rapid exploitation of ground water as well as surface water
due to the industrial developmental projects, increase in population resulted in acute
scarcity of fresh water availability. It has become necessary to conserve this
valuable natural resource for sustainable development.
Conservation of this valuable natural resource can be done by collecting this
rain water scientifically and utilizing it either for drinking purposes or ground water
recharging purposes.
(a) Date of Advertisement 06.01.2019
(b) Newspapers in which the advertisement appeared
The new Indian Express (English daily) and Sambad (Odiya daily)
(c) Date of public hearing (DD/MM/YY)
14.02.2019
(d) Public Hearing Panel chaired by & members present
The Public Hearing was chaired by Shri. Bhaskar Chandra Turuk, Additional District Magistrate, Sundargarh. The members present were: 1. Ripu Kumar Sahu, Assistant Environmental Engineer, SPCB, Jharsuguda.
(e) No. of people attended the public hearing meeting and number of people from the lease area
400 (approx.)
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 15
Scientifically & technically designed system which helps us to collect and
utilize the rain water effectively through various steps and collectedly termed as “Rain
Water Harvesting”.
The various steps/methods are roof top catchments, check dams, percolation
pond, storage tanks, etc.
7.7 SLOPE STABILITY
7.7.1 Slope
Any structure either naturally occurred or artificially built when takes the
shape by increasing the height with horizon in reference to plane is called slope.
Slopes of the earth are of two types
1. Natural slopes
2. Artificial slopes
Natural slopes are those that exist in natures and are formed by natural
causes and generally exist in hilly area.
Artificial slopes are created by man such as cutting of sides, construction of
dam, highway embankment, mining benches and OB dumps, etc.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 16
7.7.2 Factors governing the Slope Stability
There are two main aspects of slope failure and they are natural and man
made disturbances. The seismic activities of the earth crust, rain, tornado and
geology come under the naturally occurred disturbance. The blasting, excavation,
dumping are the man made disturbance for slope instability. Following are the main
factors that influence the slope stability.
7.7.2.1 Geo physical parameters
(a) Shear strength parameters:-
This is the basic parameters and holds the key role to control the
stability of the slope but it is most difficult to comprehend it accurately.
The fundamental shear strength equation proposed by French engineer
Coulomb is S=C + б Tan (Φ).
(b) Bulk density of dump mass:
Bulk density of dump mass determines the weight of waste rock and ply
very important role in calculation of stability of the dump mass
(c) Base of the Dump
Base of the OB dump should be strong enough to bear the load of the
dump otherwise base failure may crop up.
(d) Grain size distribution of the dump material:
It indicates composition of dump material comprising of clay, silt, sand,
gravels and boulders. It influences the permeability, density, shear strength
parameters and other characteristics of the soil materials.
(e) Plastic Limits
Atterberg limits determine the expansive and liquid properties of the
material. In case of expansive soil, shear strength properties drastically
changes when coming in contact with water.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 17
(f) Co-efficient of permeability:
This parameter implies seepage properties of water and facilitate in
computation of seepage force exerting on dump materials.
7.7.2.2 Geology of the Area:-
Geological features that could pose problems to site stability and that
therefore warrant detailed site studies prior to development within the area include:
type of strata, erosion, sheared mélange matrix, hydrothermally altered rock,
landslides unfavorably dipping bedding planes, an-isotropicity, faults, discontinuity
and shear zones, sheared serpentines, mines and mine tailings, subsidence, and
expansive soils.
7.7.2.3 Hydro-Geological parameters–
The effect of Hydro-geology in determining stability of dump is as follows:
A. Shear strength parameters of dump materials get affected due to water
saturation during rainy season.
B. Accumulated water at the base gives buoyancy effect on dump
materials as well reduce cohesion and friction of dump and interface
materials.
C. Seepage of water exerts dragging force on the dump materials.
Seepage pressure acts below the phreatic line and in the direction of
flow. It can be calculated by
knowing the pore water pressure or
Drawing the phreatic line.
D. Rain water erode slope surface and create large rill and gullies on slope
surface which damage the slope profile and causes slope failure.
7.7.2.4 Geo-mining parameters
A. Mine floor inclination
Mine floor inclination reduces the effective angle of repose of overlaid
OB dump such as shear strength of materials.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 18
B. Blasting affect create encourage
Blasting generate vibrations in the surrounding region that induces
acceleration imply dynamic forces which affect the stability of slope.
C. Profile of the dump
The profile of the dump, i.e height and berm guide the overall slope
angle of the dump. This should be less than angle of repose of the materials.
D. Location of dump
Location of dump site also play crucial role in the stability of the slope.
Base of dump must be strong and away from the quarry edge to avoid base
failure and differential settlement of dump or highwall.
E. Surcharge
The surcharge load increases the horizontal & vertical load and
amplifies seismic effects. Thus affect the slope stability.
7.7.2.5 Climate Effects
It is now widely accepted that climate change is occurring and that, this
will affect the processes and parameters that determine the stability of slopes.
Climate parameters affecting ground water and pore pressure fluctuations
that can, in many cases, trigger slope instability and hence landslide activity.
Global warming due to the greenhouse effect and especially changes in
precipitation patterns and air temperature might therefore have influences on future
landslide activity also.
There remains, however, significant uncertainty in forecasting these
changes in the long-term.
7.7.2.6 Dynamic forces
(A) Seismic forces
Earthquake experience by a structure depends on its own dynamic
characteristics and ground motions such that random motion of ground,
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 19
vibration intensity, magnitude of the earthquake; depth of focus, distance
from the epicenter and the strata on which the structure stands.
Seismic force/coefficient αh is calculated as per the IS Code by
following two methods and higher value will be taken for slope stability
calculation.
a) Seismic Coefficient Method,
b) Response Spectrum method
(B) Blasting Effect
(i) Peak particle Velocity(PPV)
Ground vibration caused due to blasting in measured in PPV. The PPV
depends upon quantity of explosives charged per delay and scaled distance.
This PPV affects the stability of slope.
Following is the typical graph of blasting in Opencast mine.
It is found that PPV of less than 50 mm/s would have low probability to
damage the structural of residential buildings.
In the studies it is established that in our case 75% to 80% times blast
frequency comes in the range of 8-25 Hz.
(C) Moving force
Moving force is type of live load that comes from the vehicular
movement including the HEMM. These moving loads create the
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 20
dynamic/static load besides the breaking and acceleration jerks. This load
affects the slope stability.
7.7.3 Types of failure:
A slope may have various types of failures which depend upon the type of
materials, dump profile, dump base, etc. In our case, generally following types of
failure occurs:
A. Circular failure –
Circular failure generally occurs in high dump, soil having low shear
strength and base of dump material stronger than dump materials.
B. Circular-cum-planar Failure –
It occurs when the shear strength of interface material between dump
and mine floor is less than that of dump material and the dump is standing on
steep mine floor.
C. Base failure -
It occurs when the weak strata lies beneath the toe of the dump.
7.7.4 Calculation of FoS
This is a ratio of the stabilizing force to mobilisitation force developed at the
sliding surface. The factor of safety gives relative static state of the studied slope
about its mobilization at a glance.
It has envisaged a factor of safety more than 1.10 in the design of slope
stability is safe if appropriate seismic acceleration is considered and more than 1.20
if seismic acceleration is not considered.
7.7.5 SLOPE ANALYSIS
Limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis nowadays.
This method takes in to account the physical constraints under which the OB dumps
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 7, Page - 21
are generated and effect of both of dynamic and static acceleration. The effects of
tension cracks and varied hydrological conditions towards the stability are also
modeled. Today large numbers of different suitable software/tools are available for
the analyzing the slope stability for the dump/ waste rock piles and highwall.
7.7.6 Recommendations
1. OB benches will be made of <30m height in each tier.
2. The angle of repose of OB benches will be around 37o.
3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed in OB rock.
4. The slope of ground is kept mild so that it will not have any adverse
effect.
5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting
of OB dumping.
6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow
during monsoon below the OB dump.
7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may
have no adverse impact.
8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement for top of OB dumps will
be done.
9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 8, Page - 1
Chapter–8
PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75Mty) will enhance the socio-
economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:
Improvement in Physical Infrastructure.
Improvement in Social Infrastructure.
Increase in Employment Potential.
Contribution to the Exchequer (both State and Central Govt.).
Post-mining Enhancement of Green Cover.
Improvement of Electrical Power Generation and consequently rise in
electric power consumption there by improvement in overall economic
growth of the country.
8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE &
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas.
This would include the following:
Improvement of road network for better communication.
Strengthening of existing community facilities through the CSR
Programmes being carried out by MCL.
Greater availability of good quality power grade coal will result in
enhanced power generation to meet the energy demand of the
country/state.
Pumping of mine water may augment the water availability after due
treatment.
Better healthcare for the adjoining villages and project affected people.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 8, Page - 2
Gainful post-closure land utilization of mine lease area as highlighted in
the following table :
Land requirement during pre-mining
Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total
Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87
Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48
Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57
External OB dumps -- -- --
Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92
Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85
Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85
Total 227.62 142.15 369.77
Post- Closure Land Use
Sl.
No. Land Use
during Mining
Land Use (Ha)
Plantation Water Body
Public Use Undisturbed/
Dip side slope
Total
1 External OB Dump
Nil --
2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --
3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87
4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57
5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48
Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92
Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.
Skill development & capacity building like vocational training, income
generation programme and entrepreneurship development program.
Literacy programme, adult education, formation of Village Working
Group (VWG), mahila mandal, etc.
Awareness programme and community activities, like health camps,
medical aides, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme,
immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation, etc.
MCL may adopt one village in every area to develop as a model village.
This village should be provided with minimum infrastructure such as
road, drinking water, school building, a health center, a pond,
community centre, play ground and adequate tree plantation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 8, Page - 3
8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
There would be some obvious changes in various environmental parameters
due to mining activity, increased economic activities and creation of new employment
opportunity, infrastructural development, better educational and healthcare facilties.
Following are the specific impacts.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Overall there will be positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased
economic activities, creation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural
development and better educational and healthcare facilties. The impact in the Core
Zone and Buffer Zone is due to the following:
POPULATION DYNAMICS
Due to direct and indirect employment potential, there is scope of migration
of people into project area and in the peripheral regions, from nearby areas. Mining
activities, acceleration of the economic activities and urbanization along with creation
of new employment opportunities and business may change the population dynamics
of the area.
STANDARD OF LIVING
The people will come in contact with migrated people. This may encourage
higher aspirations among the people of the area. Accelerated economic activities
and urbanization may increase quality of life and standard of living.
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
MCL will undertake awareness programme and community activities, like
health camps, medical aids, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme,
immunization camp, etc.
8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
There is a possibility of creation of direct and indirect employment
opportunities due to working of this mine. Overall, this will have positive impact on
socio-economic profile of the area.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 8, Page - 4
MCL will undertake skill development & capacity building programmes like
vocational training, income generation and entrepreneurship development.
8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS
Mahanadi Coalfields Limited is facing increasing demand of power grade
coal because of superior grade, long flame and other consumer friendly
characteristics. Continuing and augmentation of coal production from the mines of
MCL will help to bridge the gap of demand and supply of superior power grade coal
in India. To meet the growing demand of coal, especially in power sector, sponge
iron sector and brick and other small scale sectors, MCL has planned to increase its
production capacity.
The mine will also contribute to the Exchequer of State and Central
Government.
Development of any nation is measured by the consumption of the electric
power (per capita). Huge demand of power will be met from coal produced which will
sustain the economic growth of the country, since our country is progressing at a
growth rate of about 8% per annum in the recent years. Coal being prime mover of
thermal power generating stations (more than 70% of electrical energy is generated
by Thermal Power Stations by burning the fossil fuel), the demand of coal has also
increased very rapidly, forcing the existing mines to produce more. The availability of
electrical power meets the rising demand of various industries thereby improvement
in overall economic growth of the country.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 9, Page - 1
Chapter – 9
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
9.1 INTRODUCTION
The cost estimate for EIA-EMP of this project is given below along with the
break-up:
9.2 EXPENDITURE TO BE INCURRED TOWARDS CSR Estimated CSR cost - Rs.1854.6 Lakhs @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)
However , fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net
profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00
per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.
9.3 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT COST
Out of the proposed mining lease area of 323.92 Ha, forest land is 227.62
Ha. An amount of Rs. 1778.80 Lakh has been provided for Compensatory
Afforestation cost.
As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Dept. Vide letter
No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to
release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life
Sl. No.
Particulars Capital investment
(Departmental) (Rs.lakh)
1. Resettlement & rehabilitation cost 7143.00
2. ETP & STP 12.99
3. Garland drain 358.13
4. Compensatory afforestation cost 1778.80
5. Scientific studies 15.00
6. Rain water harvesting 25.00
7. Environment Data generation 5.00
Total : 9337.92
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 9, Page - 2
management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakh has been proposed for wild life
conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.
9.4 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Due emphasis has been given for rain water harvesting. A lump sump
amount of Rs. 25 lakhs has been kept for the infrastructural facilities for storage of
rain water for harvesting which will be made from revenue budget.
9.5 BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION COST An amount of Rs. 252.525 lakhs will be required for biological reclamation,
block and avenue plantation.
9.6 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)
As per the MoEF&CC office memorandum no. F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dtd. 01-
05-2018 for green field project, 0.5 % of capital investment for new project i.e. 3.78
crores has been provided for CER, the same will be met from Revenue Expenditure.
The CER fund will be spent on drinking water supply, sanitation and air pollution
control measures.
9.7 MINE CLOSURE COST
The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension
OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016)]. Annual
closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as per guide line.
The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be deposited every year
after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine after opening an
Escrow Account. The details of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of
the cost estimate for various mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be
submitted to the Ministry of Coal for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is
to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually.
Annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total project area at the above
mentioned rates and dividing the same by the life of mine.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 9, Page - 3
Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha
Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 8.487 lakh
Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 2749.11 lakh
PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST
The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold
area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount
equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life
compounded @5% annually.
Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs
Life of the project : 12 years
Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure
activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:
Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:
2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.
Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:
Year Mine closure cost (Rs. in lakh)
Yr-1 229.09
Yr-2 240.55
Yr-3 252.57
Yr-4 265.20
Yr-5 278.46
Yr-6 292.38
Yr-7 307.00
Yr-8 322.35
Yr-9 338.47
Yr-10 355.39
Yr-11 373.16
Yr-12 391.82
TOTAL 3646.44
Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12
years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 9, Page - 4
The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease
holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01-
2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.
9.8 REVENUE COST FOR EIA & EMP
The revenue cost for EIA & EMP has been worked out. This comes to about
Rs. 29.59 per ton of coal produced. The break-up of revenue cost is given below:
Revenue Cost for EIA & EMP Cost Base : June’18
Sl.No. Particulars Annual operating cost / tonne Rs.
1. Salaries, Wages & Benefits 3.76
2. Stores (as per project costing norms) 1.77
3. Power 0.29
4. Biological reclamation 0.41
5 CSR cost 2.00
6. Mine closure planning 2.96
7. Misc. exp. (as per project costing norms)
1.86
8. Administrative charges 8.43
9. Int. on working capital @ 14.50% 1.04
10. Depreciation 5.16
Sub-Total : 27.68
Annual coal Production: (8.75 Mty)
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 1
Chapter – 10
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 MINE CLOSURE PLAN
10.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The mine shall adopt Mine Closure Plan comprising progressive closure
plan and final closure plan duly approved by the competent authority as
per circular No.55011-01-2009-CPAM, Govt. of India, Ministry of Coal,
dated 27th August, 2009.
Coal projects who has been accorded approval of Mining Plan / Project
Report without mine closure plan are required to prepare and obtain the
approval of Mine closure plan within a period of 1 year as per the
circular.
10.1.2 OBJECTIVES OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING
To allow a productive and sustainable after use of the site which is
acceptable to the mine owner and the regulatory authority;
To protect public health and safety;
To alleviate or eliminate environmental damage and thereby encourage
environmental sustainability;
To minimize adverse socio-economic impacts.
10.1.3 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING
The mine closure planning broadly involves the following aspects:
(a) Technical aspects;
(b) Environmental aspects;
(c) Social aspects;
(d) Safety aspects;
(e) Financial aspects.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 2
10.1.4 MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATION
There is a need to define the liabilities, responsibilities and authorities of the
mine management, other regulatory bodies, Central and State Governments after
mine closure. Some obligations relating to the mine management are as follows:
(a) Health & Safety: Regulation Nos. 6, 61, 106, 112 of Coal Mines
Regulations, 1957 and its related DGMS Circulars;
(b) Environment
(i) Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
(ii) Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
(iii) Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environmental Protection
(Amendment) Rule, 2000;
(iv) DGMS Directives on Noise & Ground Vibration;
(c) Forest
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. (d) Rehabilitation
CIL's Policy and Orissa State Govt. Policy. Latest Policy / Norms of
Govt. of Orissa is followed for this project.
(e) Decommissioning/asset disposal, etc.
Decommissioning of infrastructure will be done and the land occupied
by the infrastructure will be restored to some useful purpose. The
salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other
equipment will be done considering the ground realities existing during
the period 1 year advance of final closure of the mine.
10.1.5 TYPES OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN
There are two types of mine closure plan :
- Progressive mine closure plan
- Final mine closure plan
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 3
10.1.6 PROGRESSIVE MINE CLOSURE PLAN
This is a progressive plan for the purpose of providing protective reclamation
and rehabilitation measures in a mine or part there of.
10.1.7 FINAL MINE CLOSURE PLAN
This plan is meant for the purpose of decommissioning rehabilitation and
reclamation in the mine or part thereof after cessation of mining and its related
activities and that has been prepared in the manner to address all environmental
aspects taking into consideration.
The final mine closure activities would start towards the end of mine life, and
may continue even after the reserves have exhausted and / or mining is discontinued
till the mining area is restored to an acceptable level to create a self sustained
ecosystem.
10.1.8 ASPECTS FOR PREPARATION OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN
The following points will be incorporated while preparing mine closure plan.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
1. Mine description
2. Reason for closure
3. Management of mined out land
a. Present land use
b. Final stage and post operation stage.
4. Management of top soil.
5. Management of wastes.
6. Management / decommissioning of infrastructure.
7. Management of disposal of mining machinery.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
1. Management of hydrology & hydrogeology during mine period and post
mining closure period.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 4
2. Drainage arrangement for external OB dump.
3. Reclamation of dump(s) & adjoining areas.
4. Rehabilitation & Resettlement.
5. Management of air quality.
SOCIAL ASPECTS
1. Redeployment of workforce
2. Management of community facilities
3. Management of association and consultation with stake holders.
SAFETY AND SECURITY ASPECTS
1. Disaster management
2. Care and maintenance during temporary discontinuance
3. Management of fire
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
COST OF MINE CLOSURE INVOLVES
1. Cost of reclamation of mined out area.
2. Cost of air quality protection measure.
3. Decommissioning cost of infrastructure
4. Cost of safety & security
5. Socio-economic cost
6. Cost of organization for executing the closure activities.
7. Cost of post project monitoring for five years.
10.1.9 TECHNICAL ASPECTS
10.1.9.1 MINE DESCRIPTION
Basundhara (W) Extn OCP is new project.
Total Mineable Reserve is 92.73
Life of the mine is 12 years.
3 No. of seams will be worked.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 5
The area is gently undulating.
Shovel dumper system for OB removal and Surface Miner technology
for coal extraction has been adopted.
10.1.9.2 REASON FOR CLOSURE
Life of the mine is 12 years. Coal reserve (92.73 Mt) will be exhausted
within 12 years.
Technical reclamation and biological reclamation of external OB dump
and backfilling will also be completed during mine life.
10.1.9.3 LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Present land use
The total mine lease area is 323.92 Ha and total land required is 369.77 ha.
Table-10.1 : Details of Land Requirement
Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total
Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87
Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48
Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57
External OB dumps -- -- --
Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92
Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85
Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85
Total 227.62 142.15 369.77
Table-10.2 : Mine Void Details
Particulars Post closure
Area in Ha Depth (m)
1. Backfilled area details --- ---
a) Dipside slope 0.88 ---
b) Upto ground level 192.40 Same as ground level
2. Unfilled void 130.64 Max. 30 m
Total Area 323.92
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 6
Table-10.3 : Post-Closure Use
Sl. No.
Land Use during Mining
Land Use (Ha)
Plantation Water Body
Public Use
Undisturbed/ Dip side slope
Total
1 External OB Dump Nil --
2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --
3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87
4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57
5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48
Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92
Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.
10.1.9.4 MANAGEMENT OF RECLAIMED LAND
There are several options available for land use pattern of the reclaimed
land. The following factors have been considered for selection of appropriate land
use pattern:
Pre-mining land use pattern
Topsoil/sub-soil quality
Socio-economic parameters of the area
Availability of technology for land reclamation
Climatic conditions of the area
Local flora.
The alternatives available for utilising the reclaimed land are :
Agricultural use
Afforestation
The option for using the reclaimed backfilled area for agricultural
purpose immediately is ruled out due to the following reasons :
The reclaimed land is very different from its pre-mining conditions. It
cannot sustain crops as the soil has poor fertility status. So the
agriculture may prove uneconomic venture compared to afforestation.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 7
The development of soil regime for agriculture will take a considerable
time.
Reclamation is proposed to be done progressively and concurrently
with mining operation. Carrying out agriculture within mining activity
area by releasing reclaimed area in a phase-wise manner, may not be
advisable from safety point of view.
In view of the above, it is suggested to utilise the reclaimed land for
afforestation purpose which will help improve the soil status i.e texture and nutrient
levels, etc.
10.1.9.5 MANAGEMENT OF MINED-OUT VOID In the quarry, the overburden removed completely from the first two years
and partly from the third year is to be dumped over the existing quarry void on 36ha
patch at its eastern end. Of the total overburden volume of 97.22Mm3, 7.66Mm3,
removed over the initial years is to be dumped outside the working quarry.
Present quarry, however, is an extension quarry – an extension of the
presently working Basundhara (West) expansion 7.0 Mty. The 36 ha patch on the
south eastern end of the expansion quarry has been earmarked for the above
mentioned volume of 7.66 Mm3 of overburden removed during the first three years.
By the end of Yr-1, a volume of 2.18 Mm3 of overburden will be accommodated in +
215.5m tier over 36ha patch dump site, followed by a further volume of 5.48Mm3
over the next two years upto +245m level.
In Yr-3, 5.24Mm3 and from Yr-4 onwards the total volume of overburden
removed from the quarry will be backfilled inside the extension quarry. A total volume
of 89.56Mm3 is to be backfilled in this extension quarry, upto +360m, tier, shown in
stage plans of Yr-3, Yr-5, Yr-10 and final stage dump plan.
10.1.9.5.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION
Year-wise dumping schedule is given below :
Table -10.4 : Dumping Schedule (M.cum)
Year of Operation
Programmed total coal
Programmed total OB
OB to internal dump-I*
OB to internal dump
Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 --
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 8
Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 --
Yr 3 7.00 6.83 1.59 5.24
Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65
Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05
Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83
Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81
Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84
Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98
Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04
Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75
Yr 12 8.73 1.37 -- 1.37
TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56
Land reclamation
This is carried out in two distinct stages :
- Technical reclamation
- Biological reclamation
Table No-10.5 : Stagewise Landuse And Reclaimation Plan (Fig in Ha)
Sl. No.
Landuse Category Present 1st year
3rd year
5th year
10th year
12th Year/ end of
mine Total
1 Backfilled Area (reclaimed with plantation)
- - 2.00 28.00 138.35 168.35
2 Excavated area (Not reclaimed) Void
130.64 130.64
3 External OB dump -
0.00
4 Reclaimed top soil dump
Concurrenlty spread over the backfilled area
-
5 Green belt area 1.00 1.50 1.23
3.73
6 Undisturbed area (brought under plantation)
2.75 -- --
2.75
7 Roads (Avenue Plantation)
1.00 2.51
3.51
8 Area around Infrastructure
3.00 7.00 4.05
14.05
Total 7.75 11.01 7.28 28.00 138.35 323.03
(Apart from above 0.88 Ha will be remained as dipside slope area)
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 9
Table No-10.6 : Stage wise Cumulative Plantation
Sl Year
Green belt External dump Backfilled area Others,
Undisturbed area Total
Area No of trees
Area No of trees
Area No of trees
Area No of trees
Area No of trees
1 1st yr-3rd yr 1 2500 0 0 7.75 19275 8.75 21775
2 3rd -5th yr 1.5 3750 2 5000 7.28 17949 10.78 26699
3 5th -10th yr 1.23 3075 28 70000 5.28 13200 34.51 86275
4 10th -12th Yr (End of Mine
Life) 0 0 138.35 345875 0 0 138.35 345875
Total 3.73 9325 168.35 420875 20.31 50424 192.39 480624
Technical reclamation
- External OB dumping
There is no external OB dump.
- Backfilling and reshaping of internal dump
The total ML area of this project is 323.92 ha, out of which 192.40 ha will be
biologically reclaimed.
Major part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will
be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain
predetermined reduced level, the plots will be levelled, graded and cleared of large
stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle
as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and levelled area will be
divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain
moisture and humus in the soil. The outer slope of each bench will be kept at the
natural angle of repose of the spoil material and at overall slope angle of 28O
considering all benches.
Biological reclamation
In internal dump 168.35 ha will be technically & biologically reclaimed.
Avenue plantation will be done for 3.51 ha.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 10
For successful biological reclamation of the reclaimed area, preference will
be given to endemic species and mixed culture. The species will be selected
carefully from the following groups for quick reclamation :
Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder
Fruit bearing tree species
Tree species with dense foliage for shade
Flowering and ornamental tree species.
The area likely to be available after technical reclamation at different time
horizon is indicated below :
Quarry and internal dumps
Having backfilled the decoaled area with overburden, internal dumps will be
reclaimed and then revegetated. The remaining void in the quarry will be developed
as water harvesting structure as well as public utility lagoon which will serve
following purposes :
Source of supply of water for industrial and fire fighting purposes.
Source of supply of potable water after necessary treatment.
A place of bathing and washing for the local population.
Pisciculture.
For recharging the aquifer in the area.
For such purposes, the pathway to the reservoir is gently graded and
the depth of water is limited.
AREA FOR RECLAMATION
(i) Land to be disturbed due to excavation : 299.87 ha
(ii) Area to be reclaimed after backfilling
(Technically and Biologically) : 168.35 ha
DETAILS OF RECLAMATION TECHNIQUE
Gradiant of terracee shall be gently sloping (1 in 50)
Angle of slope angle is 28o.
Top soil will be be spread over backfilled area.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 11
FINANCIAL OUTLAY
Sl. No.
Particulars Area in Ha Cost per Ha (Rs. Lakh)
Total cost (Rs. Lakh)
1. Biological reclamation
168.35 10.0 1683.50
2. Block Plantation 3.73 11.25 41.96
3. Other undisturbed and around infrastructure
16.80 11.25 189.00
Running km Cost per Running km
4. Anenue Plantation 3.51 10.8 37.91
Total 192.39 - 1952.37
10.1.9.6 MANAGEMENT OF TOPSOIL
Topsoil is the top portion of the soil cover ranging in depth from 50-350 mm.
It is the dark coloured (though it may not be true always due to the influence of parent
rock), rich in active and decomposed organic material mixed with fine mineral
particles with only small agglomoration. The nature takes above 100 years or more to
build about 25mm of top soil.
10.1.9.6.1 Constituents of Topsoil:
It is the zone of eluviation which represents the top soil and easily
distinguished physically from other horizon by its colour, texture and a thick
accumulation of organic vegetative matter. In case of Intrazonal and Azonal soils, A-
Horizon is not distinct although these soils possess topsoil. The constituents of top
soil are:
i) Plant Leaves and debris.
ii) Semi-Decomposed and decomposed organic material (humus) solution
of organic and carbonic acids.
iii) Inorganic elements like Nirogen, Phosphorus, Potasium, Magnesium,
Boron, Sulphur, Iron, Copper etc.
iv) Micro-Organisms like microscopic bacteriam Fungi, Protozoa,
earthworms etc.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 12
10.1.9.6.2 Formation of Topsoil
The biotic factors or Biological processes play the Vital role in the formation
of Top soil. The factors responsible for the formation are:
i) Vegetation: The fallen leaves and the decayed vegetation contribute
directly in the formation of himus. Further plants helpto maintain fertility
by bringing inorganic minerals from the lower layers.
ii) Micro-organisms: The microscopic bacteria , fungi, protozoa etc help
directly in converting plants and animal remains into humus. Again
these organisms become a part of the humus after death. Some
microbacteria transforms atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrates and
increase the Fertility.
iii) Animals: The excreta of the burrowing type animals helps in the
development of the topsoil. The ants and termites bring the soil from
lower horizon to the surface. Similarly the earthworms contribute in
mixing the organic renains with the minerals and then bring them to the
surface.
10.1.9.6.3 Formation of Topsoil: Why preservation and Reuse of Topsoil?
Biological activity is a good indicator of the health of topsoil. To maintain
maximum level of this activity, its preservation is highly essential. The topsoil is
physically well textured , chemically highly fertile and biologically hughly active. The
reuse of it is suggested due to following:
i) Humus yields organic acids which assist soil solution.
ii) It produces plant food i.e. Phosphorous, Calcium, Potassium, Nitrogen
etc.
iii) It retain soil moisture besides providing the desired arrangement of soil
structure favourably for plant growth.
10.1.9.6.4 General depth of soil in :
Its depth depends on following:
i) Physiography.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 13
ii) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc.
iii) The uses to which the land has been put before.
In a mining block it is necessary to have a close soil survey to determine its
depth. From the soil analysis available the approaximate depth of the topsoil of
various mining blocks of Ib Coalfield is given below:
Name of the Block
Approax. Depth of topsoil (mm)
Topsoil texture Rematk
Kulda 200-250 Sandy/Sandy Loam The depth varies from location to location in an area and to be determined at specific site before stripping,
Basundhara 250-300 Sandy Loam/ Loam
10.1.9.6.5 Storage and preservation of topsoil:
Topsoil undergo many changes during preservation. These are:
(A) Changes in topsoil due to storage.
i) Stockpiling has profound affects on the physicochemical and biological
properties.
ii) Biological activity diteriorates after 3 to 6 months of storage.
iii) Stockpiling reduces organic content and affects the organic compound
concerned in soil aggravation.
iv) Aggregate stability is reduced to some extent due to storage.
iv) Following three zones are developed in the topsoil mound during
storage:
Aerobic zones: Soil is active in this zone
Transition zone: Fluctuates between predominantly aerobic and
anaerobic status.
This zone is inactive and low in buological activity as well as
organic content.
(B) Methology of Stripping: The method of stripping should be normally by
the scrappers only. The routing of scrappers during this operation must
be planned to mininmise the travel of machines to avoid compaction
and damage of soil structure. Furtherm careful control of operation is
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 14
necessary to ensure planned stripping depths of the topsoil and sub-
soil. These soils should be stripped and stored separately. Intermingling
of these soils during stripping is not a good practice.
(C) It is essential that topsoil stripping is carried out when it is as dry as
possible to reduce the risk of compaction and damage to the soil
structure by smearing and remoulding. Prolonged rainfall is unsuitable.
The best part of the year is when evapo-transportation exceeds
precipitation i.e during the months of March-September.
(D) Geometry of Topsoil Heap: The heap should be constructed to facilitate
the following:
To provide the maximum surface area for mantaining greater level
of Biological activity.
To have slopes capable of sustaining vegetation to avoid erosion
and gully formation.
Space constraints imposed by the site factors and soil texture would
generally dictate the overll size and shape of the heap. As a rule of the
thumb, the following stack geometry may be mantained as far as possible to
preserve the topsoil and increase the shelf life.
a) Height:
i) 4.0m (Max) for sand soil
ii) 2.0 to 3.0 for loamy soil
iii) 1.0 for heavy clayey soil
iv) 0.5 to 1.0 for intermediate soil texture.
b) Slope:
Wide slope of 1 in 3 (i.e 18.50 to the horizontal)
If there is constraint in the availability od area, one or both pof the
following strategies can be adopted:
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 15
ALT-I
An acoustic barrier of topsoil may be constructed in the safety zone
near the working face. When the working face advances , the embankment
away from it may be reclaimed and respread over the subsoil of the
technically reclaimed area. This would abate the noise pollution besides
noise preservation of topsoil and reduction of thr demand on the land
requirement.
ALT-II
Intial topsoil may be spread over the area to be mined. When the scope
for progressive reclaimation is available, the respread topsoil along with the
insitu one may be stripped carefully and utilised. This method would also
preserve the topsoil and reduce the demand on landintake.
E) It is advisable to avoi the topsoil storage, specifically the longterm one.
However if storage is unavoidable upon completion of the surface of the
heap, the following steps are to be followed to keep the soil in good
health and to increase its shelf life.
a) Surface ripping with suitable sub-soiling machine for the purpose of
aeration and relieving surface compaction.
b) Immediate cultivation of suitable low maintanance species like dwarf
grasses to prevent erosion and guily formation.
c) Maintenance of surface vegetation actively by seeding, mowing, and
weed control operation.
10.1.9.6.6 Topsoil Carpeting
The following golden rules need to be observed:
i) Overburden, sub-soil and topsoil should be respread to correct
sequence putting the topsoil on the top of the back filled area.
ii) Top soil should be respread over the restoration area at an even depth
so as to achieve the final level and suitable configuration for drainage.
iii) As far as possible progressive top soil reclaimation technique should be
practised. The topsoil from the area lying just ahead of the advancing
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 16
opencast mine edge should be scrapped off by scrapper and
immediately placed over the technically reclaimed area.
iv) Compaction of topsoil after respreading over reclaimed area should be
avoided by properly planning the movement of Earth Moving Machinery
and carrying ou the operation in dry period only.
v) If topsoil is to be reclaimed from the heap for spread in the backfilled
area and OB dump area, the reclaimation should be planned in such a
wat that materials from aerobic , transition and anaerobic zones are
takem simultaneously. The above zones should not be taken out
separately as it is essntial to use the active surface layer as ‘inoculum’
during soil respreading to recover the inactive portion of the mound as
quickly as possible.
10.1.9.7 MANAGEMENT / DECOMMISSIONING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure like workshop, office buildings, residential colony, roads
and transmission lines, etc., will be provided for the project. Considering the ground
realities existing during the period just one year before mine closure, plan for
reutilization in neighbouring mines or decommissioning will be made. If
decommissioning of infrastructure is done, the land occupied by the infrastructure will
be restored for some useful purpose. The cost for decommissioning will be met from
the 'Fund' created for mine closure activities.
10.1.9.8 MANAGEMENT OF DISPOSAL OF MINING MACHINERY The salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other
equipment will be planned considering the ground realities existing during the period
1 year advance of final closure of the mine.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 17
10.1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
10.1.10.1 MANAGEMENT OF HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY DURING MINE PERIOD AND POST MINING CLOSURE PERIOD.
During mining period
Assessment of hydrology and hydro-geology of the area Investigations have been carried out in and around the area
comprising of core and buffer zones of this project. The matter
has been dealt.
Estimation of ground water availability of the area Ground water availability of the area comprising of core and
buffer zones of this project has been assessed.
Water demand, dewatering of the mine and waste water management
The above details have been given in this report. Impact of the mine on ground water and surface water The impacts have been assessed and given in this report.
During post-mine closure period
Surface flow pattern of precipitation run-off and mine water has been
discussed in this report.
Management of recharge areas
Mining operation of this project will create voids or depressions, which
will induce / accelerate rainfall recharge and decrease run-off in the
mining area. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the
treated mine discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping
the make of water in different sumps or low lying areas of the mine.
The remaining water will be discharged to the natural drainage for
ground water recharge in the same basin. The final voids of the quarry
will be left as a water reservoir for water harvesting and also recharging
the aquifer in the surrounding area.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 18
Acceptable surface and ground water flows
The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from OB
dump will be made to avoid gully formation on the dump body and also
siltation problem of the nearby natural drains.
10.1.10.2 DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENT FOR EXTERNAL OB DUMP & FOR INTERNAL DUMP
Drainage arrangement for OB dumps
Catch drain
An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces
at the foot of next bench to receive the storm water from upper
benches. This will be discharged to the lower benches through
masonry chute, thus minimizing gully formation in the slope of
external dump.
Foot drain
A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the OB dump.
This drain collects run-off from dump and directs it to settling
tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water
courses.
Drainage arrangement for internal OB dumps
A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling
will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has
reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled,
graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The
slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible
(preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be divided
into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain
moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for
precipitation run-off are as follows :
During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal
dump by foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 19
In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed
area will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the
quarry which will be developed as a water reservoir for water
harvesting and also recharging the aquifer in the surrounding
area.
There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground
water. In the monsoon period, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level,
surface water bodies like stream, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as
ground water recoups and attains its level, it contributes again to surface water
bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as ground water
level gets lowered from the original level.
The mine dewatering brings down ground water level in the immediate
vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated mine
discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping the make up water in
different sumps or low lying areas of the project. In unusual situations during
monsoon, mine discharge water will be allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same
basin of the area.
As such, this area is having an average annual rainfall of 1514 mm.
This rainfall replenishes the annual ground water draft every year. This will enhance
the recharge of the aquifer in the area for mitigating the lowering of ground water
level in the area surrounding the mine.
10.1.10.3 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT
The core zone of the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure
area, OB dump sites, safety zone for blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land
from two (2) villages namely, Telendih Village (part of village Gopalpur) and
Ratansara Village (Part). About 222 families will be displaced due to mining and other
associated activities of this project. These families will be resettled and rehabilitated
socially, culturally and economically along with other displaced such as major married
sons, unmarried daughters of 30 years of age, etc., as per latest Norms of Govt. of
Orissa, May, 2006. Details of project affected families and project affected persons
are given below:
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 20
Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people
Gopalpur (P) 105 283
Ratansara* 117 468
Total 222 751
*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble
Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on
16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.
These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and
economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.
10.1.10.4 MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY
Air Quaility Impact Prediction has been done using AERMOD software
and it has observed that with control measures the predicted absolute values of PM10
and PM2.5 levels is well within the permissible limit.
Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient
air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for
various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport,
coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop
and stores, etc.
10.1.11 SOCIAL ASPECTS
10.1.11.1 REDEPLOYMENT OF WORKFORCE
Redeployment of workforce after completion of mine will be made in the
expansion and nearby mines in the Ib Coalfields.
10.1.11.2 MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The peripheral village community facilities developed by the Mine Authority
will be handed over to the Local Body / State Govt. for management.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 21
10.1.11.3 MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATION AND CONSULTATION WITH
STAKE HOLDERS
The effective implementation of the mine closure plan requires detailed
consultation with stake holders like employee, trade union, mine related business,
state and central govt. agencies, etc. Association and consultation of different stake
holders will make them actively involved, and thus smooth mine closure operation
may be possible.
10.1.12 SAFETY & SECURITY ASPECTS
10.1.12.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
These aspects have been dealth in this report in detail.
10.1.12.2 CARE AND MAINTENANCE DURING TEMPORARY
DISCONTINUANCE
The guidelines/instructions from DGMS will be followed in case of
discontinuance of mine operation, if any.
10.1.12.3 MANAGEMENT OF FIRE
The measures for management of fire at coal faces in the mine and coal
stockyard as given in the Chapter-VII of this report, will be adopted / to be adopted
and there will be no safety hazards for the neighbouring community after the mine
closure.
10.1.12.4 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Special precaution should be taken while deploying workers in the mine.
Before employing any labour in the mine proper vocational training should be
imparted and recommendations of the latest Safety Conference should be strictly
followed. Management for deployment of labours by outside agency shall fix terms
and conditions. Some of the major aspects are as follows:
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 22
A) FOR PERSONS
i) No persons shall be deployed unless he is trained at VTC
ii) Records in Form-B, Form-D shall be maintained.
iii) Records of Vocational training Certificate and driving license of
operators shall be kept by HEMM outsourcing agency and shall be
made readily available for inspection by management.
iv) No person shall be employed unless person holds VTC certificate and
Management is informed. A record of it shall be maintained.
v) Qualified competent persons shall maintain adequate supervision.
vi) Outside agency shall follow safety guidelines and safety instruction from
Project Authorities.
B) FOR MACHINERIES AS RECOMMENDED BY DGMS CIR. (TECH.) 1
OF 1999.
i) All the machineries to be deployed in mines should be checked before
deployment by competent authority.
ii) Regular checking of m/c deployed by outside agency shall be done. No
unfit machine shall be deployed before the defect is rectified.
iii) A proper record of repair and maintenance along with inspection done
by management and defect pointed out shall be maintained and signed
by authorized person.
iv) The trucks deployed outside agency shall be provided with Audio
visual alarms, proper light for use at night and period when natural light
is not sufficient. Also audio-visual alarms for reversing on trucks shall
be provided.
C) OTHER PRECAUTIONS FOR MACHINE
i) RTO certificate photo copies of all vehicles shall be submitted to
management
ii) Daily welding, monitoring, inspection shall be done by the agency’s
mechanic as directed by management.
iii) Machine manufacturers should be asked to give risk analysis details in
respect machines deployed by outside agencies.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 23
iv) Suitable type of the fire extinguishers shall be provided in every
machine.
v) No person/vehicle shall be deployed at any place other than authorised
place.
vi) All worker should obey lawful instruction of mine management.
vii) Risk management Plan shall be made and implemented.
viii) All driver shall obey systematic traffics rules prepared by management
ix) Before deploying workers they must be trained and briefed about safety
aspects in opencast mine. However, during course of execution of the
work, if any accident occurs whether major or minor, the matter shall
have to be immediately informed to mine management i.e. Colliery
Manager/Agent/GM of the area so that Notices of accidents in a
accordance of (Reg.9 of CMR 1957) and Section 23 of Mines Act 1952
may be given and other necessary steps may be taken in accordance
with the Mines Act 1952.
x) Outside agency shall operate transport system in such a way so as to
minimize pollution in the mine.
STABILITY OF BENCHES, QUARRY HIGHWALLS AND SPOIL DUMPS:
During quarry operations, it is necessary to adopt required mining
parameters for the stability of benches, high walls and spoil dumps. It is also
mandatory to examine systematically the fencing of mine workings, landslides and
cracks between benches. It is required to maintain well-graded and wide roads on
benches keeping the width of working areas sufficient for spreading of blasted rock
and movement of the mining and transport equipment. During actual mining
operation, systematic observations of the conditions of benches high wall slopes
and spoil dumps should be carried out and the dimensions be modified if necessary
to suit the local conditions.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGER OF INUNDATION FROM SURFACE
WATER
1) A careful assessment is to be made against the danger from surface
water before on the onset of rainy seasons. The necessary precautions
should be clearly laid down and implemented. A garland drain needs to
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 24
be provided to drain away the surface rainwater from coming into the
mine.
2) Inspections for any accumulation of rainwater, obstruction in normal
drainage and weakening in embankment.
3) Standing order; for withdrawal of working persons in case of
apprehended danger.
4) During heavy rain inspection of vulnerable points is essential. In case of
any danger persons are to be withdrawn to safer places.
5) Nallah or water inlets may be diverted or isolated by embankments/if so
required.
PREVENTIONS OF FLOODING OF EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED AT
BOTTOM HORIZONS
During the heavy monsoon period, the mining operation in the lower-most
bench may have to be stopped. Therefore, it is proposed to drawn the lowest bench,
which would work as a sump. The water will be pumped out and discharged into the
drain through settling tank. For ensuring safety of the equipment while working out
horizons with no access to surface profile, the following measures should be taken:
1) Drivage of initial trenches and coal cutting benches should be done
during the dry period of the year.
2) Ramps should be made for quick shifting of equipment from bottom
horizons, liable to be flooded during monsoon period, to the top
horizons.
PREVENTION OF ELECTRIC SHOCKS
During mining operations, all the statutory provisions of the Indian Electricity
Rules 1956, and the Indian Standards for installation and maintenance of electrical
equipment etc. should be observed.
1) For protection from electric shocks to persons, from electrical
equipment with high voltage, Earth Leakage Relay should be provided
which will automatically disconnect electrical circuits.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 25
2) Closed mobile substations and switchgears should be mechanically
interlocked which exclude the possibility of opening the door when oil
switch and air circuit breaks are in operation.
3) All metal parts of electrical equipment should be properly earthed to
avoid failure of insulation.
4) All H.T. lines and cables located within the blasting zones should be
disconnected during blasting operations.
DUST SUPPRESSION & DILUTION OF EXHAUST FUMES
The following measures should be adopted for dust suppression at all quarry
working places, dumps, haul roads, CHP and near auxiliary mining operations:
1) Spraying with water on all working faces & haul roads, by special
spraying machines or water-sprinkler.
2) While drilling holes, it is necessary to use dust extraction devices.
3) Installation of local dust suppression and air conditioning devices in
cabins of excavators and drilling rigs may be considered.
4) Levelling of spoil dump surface.
5) Separate dust suppression arrangement should be provided for CHP.
To prevent collection of harmful mixture in the atmosphere, from the different
sections of quarry working, it is recommended:-
1) To spread out the sources of dust formation and omission of harmful
gases throughout the working area of the quarry.
2) Drilling & blasting operations should be timed for periods of maximum
wind activity during the day.
3) Dumpers may be provided with purifiers for exhaust gases.
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE
PREVENTION
In addition to statutory provisions, the measures for firefighting and
prevention of fires are as follows:
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 26
1) Organization of special cell for systematic observations to examine and
prevent fire.
2) Removal of spillage of coal on benches and cleaning of coal horizons to
prevent cases of coal heating.
3) Storage of lubricants and cotton waste in enclosed fireproof containers
in working places.
4) Provisions of fire extinguishers
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHILE DRILLING BLASTING
Following measures should be taken while drilling and blasting operations in
the quarry:
1) Drilling and Blasting in quarry should be done in accordance with the
provisions of Mines Safety Act, rules and regulations.
2) Adequate safety measures have to be taken during blasting operation in
the quarry so that men/machine are not affected.
10.1.13 FINANCIAL ASPECTS
COST OF EXECUTING THE MINE CLOSURE ACTIVITIES AND POST-
PROJECT MONITORING
Activity wise Progressive & Final Mine Closure cost distribution is given
below:
Sl. No.
ACTIVITY Manpower Required
(No.)
Mine Closure Cost (percentage weightage)
Remarks
A Dismantling of Structures
To be included in final mine closure plan
Service Buildings 42 0.2
Residential Buildings 101 2.67
Industrial structures like CHP, Workshop, field sub-station, etc.
125 0.3
B Permanent Fencing of mine void and other dangerous area
To be included in final mine closure plan
Random rubble masonry of height 1.2 metre including leveling up in cement concrete 1:6:12 in mud mortar
87 1.5
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 27
C Grading of highwall slopes To be included in final mine closure plan Levelling and grading of highwall slopes 54 1.77
D OB Dump Reclamation
Handling/Dozing of OB Dump and backfilling 396 88.66 71% for progressive and 17.66% for final mine closure.
Technical and Bio-reclamation including plantation and post care.
130 0.4 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
E Landscaping
Landscaping of the open space in leasehold area for improving its esthetics an eco value
17 0.3 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
F Plantation
Plantation over cleared area obtained after dismantling Included in ‘D’ 0.5 To be included in final mine closure plan
Plantation around the quarry area and in safety zone Included in ‘D’ 0.2 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
Plantation over the external OB Dump Included in ‘C’ 0.02 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
G Post Closure Env Monitoring / testing of parameters for three years
For three years after mine closure Air Quality
8
0.22
Water Quality 0.2
H Entrepreneurship Development (Vocational/skill development training for sustainable income of affected people
To be out-sourced
0.26 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
I Miscellaneous and other mitigative measures To be out-sourced
2.0 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.
J Post Closure Manpower cost for supervision Included in ‘A’
to ‘F’ 0.8
To be included in final mine closure plan
TOTAL 100.00
MINE CLOSURE COST
The cost of the mine closure of the project has been estimated comprising of
cost of reclamation of mined out area, cost of air quality protection measure,
decommissioning cost of infrastructure, cost of safety & security, socio-economic
cost, cost of organization for executing the closure activities, cost of post project
monitoring for three years, rehabilitation of mining machinery (disposal of mining
machinery), arboriculture and land scaping including biological reclamation and cost
of barbed wire fencing all around working area.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 28
The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension
OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016)
(provisional)].
Annual closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as
per guide line. The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be
deposited every year after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine
after opening an Escrow Account. Mining Company/owner including all Public
Sector Unertakings will deposit the yearly amount in a Schdeluded Bank. The details
of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of the cost estimate for various
mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be submitted to the Ministry of Coal
for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year
throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually. Annual closure cost is to be
computed considering the total project area at the above mentioned rates and
dividing the same by the life of mine. When implementation of the final mine closure
scheme is undertaken by the mine owner starting five years before the scheduled
closure of mining operations, the Coal Controller may permit withdrawals (four years
before final mine closure date) from the Escrow Account propositionate to the
quantum of work carried out, as reimbursement. The withdrawn amount shall not
exceed 80% of the total amount deposited in the account.
Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha
Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.8.487 lakh
Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.2749.11 lakh
PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST
The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold
area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount
equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life
compounded @5% annually.
Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs
Life of the project : 12 years
Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure
activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 29
Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:
2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.
Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:
Year Mine closure cost( Rs. in lakh)
Yr-1 229.09
Yr-2 240.55
Yr-3 252.57
Yr-4 265.20
Yr-5 278.46
Yr-6 292.38
Yr-7 307.00
Yr-8 322.35
Yr-9 338.47
Yr-10 355.39
Yr-11 373.16
Yr-12 391.82
TOTAL 3646.44
Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12
years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.
The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease
holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01-
2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.
RELEASE OF FUND FOR MINE CLOSURE
As per the mine closure rule up to 80% of the total deposited amount
including interest accrued in the ESCROW account may be released after every five
years in the line with the periodic examination of the Closure Plan.
10.2 POST-OPERATIONAL STAGE LAND USE PLAN LANDSCAPE
Pre Mining and post mining land use has already been discussed in para
10.1.9.3.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 10, Page - 30
10.2.1 MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Industrial Structures
As far as possible, industrial structures will be utilised by the adjacent
projects. However, if these structures are not found fit at the end of mine life, the
same will be dismantled and salvaged. The equipment will be removed and used
somewhere else. Every effort will be made to restore the area to economic utilisation
value as per the mine closure plan.
Service Buildings and Colony
In association with the appropriate agencies (Central/State/Social
Organisation), these buildings will be utilised for some beneficial purposes to be
identified for mine closure planning during one year before closure of the mine. The
vacant land within the leasehold area will be afforested and made fit for purposeful
usage.
10.3 CONTROL MEASURES FOR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT
The following control measures are adopted and shall be continued:
Frequent water sprinkling on haul roads and coal transportation roads.
Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface.
Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes.
Proper illumination of roads including haul road.
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 1
Chapter – 11
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated
within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. The
Chaturdhara block is located in north-western central part of Ib River coalfield of
Odisha, known as Gopalpur sector.
The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has
been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.
The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension
OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM
dated 22-03-2017.
Form-I and Prefeasibility report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP
(8.75 Mty) was discussed in 11th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held
on 30-31st May, 2017 and 24th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on
11th Jan, 2018.
EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (ToR) for Basundhara (West)
Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb,
2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The EIA-EMP has been prepared
incorporating all the ToR items. Details of the mine lease area is as follows:
Land Details– Mining Lease Area (Area in Ha)
Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total
Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87
Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48
Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57
External OB dumps -- -- --
Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 2
Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85
Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85
Total 227.62 142.15 369.77
Location details of Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP
Coalfield : Ib Valley coalfield
Area : Basundhara
Tahsil : Himgir
District : Sundergarh
Latitudes : 22o03'41.14" to 22o04'41.75" N
Longitudes : 83o40'22.90" to 83o42'18.75" E
Toposheet No. : 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)
Communication
Sl. Item Distance
1. Nearest revenue town & Dist. HQ
Sundergarh (46 km)
2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55
3. Connection to the company HQrs, Burla
150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur
4. Nearest railhead Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35km.
5. Airport Veer Surendra Sai Airport Jharsuguda is at distance of approx. 70 Km.
Topography, Drainage & Climate The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy
field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Chaturdhara nala
flowing west to east in the southern boundary of the block separates the blocks
from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks. The general topography of the block is undulating
and is mostly forest land and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in
the block. The general altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334
metres.
The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of
rainfall occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept.
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 3
The distance of water bodies are as follows:
S.No. Water body Distance & Direction (approx.)
1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E)
2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S)
3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W)
4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 Km (NE)
5. Albahaljhor 6.64 Km (SW)
6. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE)
Description of Core Zone The total land required for mining operations in proposed project i.e. core
zone will be around 323.92 ha involving 227.62 ha of forest land. The core zone of
the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, safety zone for
blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely
Gopalpur(Telendih) and Ratansara.
Description of Buffer Zone
The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of
the project boundary.
Basundhara West OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located
in buffer zone.
Basundhara river and Telendra nala flow at adjacent of mine and 94
m respectively.
The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani
RF,Jamkani RF, Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF,
Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF
Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary,
biosphere, etc. are not present within 10 km radius from the project.
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 4
Geo-Mining Characteristics:
Sl. No.
Particulars Unit As per Extn. PR
(8.75 Mty)
1 Area
i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05
ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35
2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73
3 Overburden M cum 97.22
4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05
5 Annual production Mt 8.75
6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12
7 Strike length
i) Minimum m 951
ii) Maximum m 2757
8 Depth of quarry
i) Minimum m 3
ii) Maximum m 116
9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05
10 Gradient - 30 - 80
11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82
Coal Winning and OB Removal
Particulars Type of machinery
Coal winning & transportation
Coal will produced by Surface miner and loading by Front End loader to dumper.
OB removal & transportation
OB will be removed by Shovel-Dumper Combination.
Manpower
The total manpower required for the project is 854.
Water demand & supply arrangement
Total for 8.75 Mty
Potable (in Kld) 500
Industrial (in Kld) 1510
Total (in Kld) 2010
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 5
The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP
old Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West)
OCP sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used
from its own mine sump.
11.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
To assess the existing environmental scenario, baseline data has been
generated for various environmental components (such as air, water &noise) by
M/s Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. during the period 4th November 2017 to 3rd
February 2018. The flora fauna & Socio-Economic study was done by M/s. VRDS
Consultants. The detailed report is given in EIA/ EMP.
For baseline data of ambient air quality, Nine (9) monitoring stations (1 in
Core zone & 8 in Buffer zone) were fixed on the basis of meterological parameters
like predominant wind direction and wind speeds besides physiography of the
area. Twenty four (24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e.
PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX at each monitoring station for two days in a week for
four consecutive weeks in a month for three months i.e. 4th November 2017 to 3rd
February 2018. The average concentration levels (24 hrly) of all parameters for all
buffer zone stations are well within the permissible limit of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2009.
The baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and
ground water sources had been generated. Nine (9) sampling stations covering
surface water, ground water and mine water discharge were selected in the core
zone and buffer zone of the project. The analysis shows that various physical and
chemical parameters are within permissible limit.
The ambient noise level (leq) measurement for the project covering both
core zone and buffer zone stations (9 stations) are within the permissible limits.
The flora & fauna study was conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by
M/s. VRDS Consultants.
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 6
The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and
secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s.
VRDS Consultants. The study area comprises of rural area of district
Sundergardh, Odisha.
The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related
activities:
Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people
Gopalpur (P) 105 283
Ratansara* 117 468
Total 222 751
*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble
Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on
16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.
These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and
economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.
11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
There will be impacts on different environmental components e.g. air,
water, noise, flora & fauna, land etc. due to mining and its related activities which
are described below:
11.3.1 Impact on air quality & control measures
Ambient air quality will be affected due to presence of PM10 PM2.5, SO2&
NOX which will begenerated due to various activities related to project. To predict
the impact on the air quality, Air Quality Impact Predict was done using
AERMOD software.
It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was
found at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and
21.59 µg/m3 with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 7
village with control measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within
the permissible limit of 250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.
In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has
been observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10
at Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali
village additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from
this three tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest
the particulate matter.
Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient
air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures which will be
adopted are as follows:
All drills are/will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling is
recommended in all drilling operation.
Coal production is being/ will be done by blast free environmental friendly
Surface Miner.
Controlled blasting technique is done/ will be donein OB benches to
minimize generation of dust.
All effort is being/ will be made to keep Un-metaled roads free of ruts.
Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and bottom.
Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in Railway sidings, coal stocks etc..
By mobile water tankers on haul road/coal transport road.
Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements.
Greenbelt & plantation in mining area, safety zone area, other places etc.
11.3.2 Impact on Noise level & control measures
i. Impacts
The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are
generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in
neighbouring communities.
ii. Control measures
The following control measures shall be taken:
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 8
Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built
mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise
generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of
vibrating equipment.
Routine maintenance of equipment.
Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery.
Locating township away from noise centre.
HEMMs with sound proof cabins.
Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise
areas.
Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.
11.3.3 Impact due to blast & vibration and control measures
Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the
vicinity of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit
geology, topography and confinement of the blast.
Control measures:
All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed
Overcharging will be avoided.
Stemming material to be used is sand.
Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation
system, between rows and between holes in the same row.
Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can move to
safe places.
A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This
zone will be kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure.
11.3.4 Impact on land resource & control measures
The major direct impacts on existing land use during the pre-mining
phase are the removal of vegetation and resettlement of displaced population.
There may also be land use changes with respect to agriculture, fisheries,
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 9
recreation sites, housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of
mined out lands may give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.
Control measures
In proposed project there is no external dumping. All the OBs will be dumped
internally.
During pre-mining the total forest land involved in the project is 227.62 Ha,
however at the time of post mining total plantation area will be 192.40 Ha.
Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the
lease area. So greencover is almost upto the premining stage.
Topsoil shall be progressively and concurrently utilized during
physical/technical reclamation of backfilled area, thus obviating the
necessity of storage of topsoil separately.
Proper afforestation / plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt
development.
11.3.5 Impact on socio-economic condition & control measures
The major impactsare given below:
i. Displacement and rehabilitation / resettlement of PAFs, including change in
culture, heritage & related features.
ii. Loss of agricultural land
iii. General improvement of economy of area.
iv. Creation of new employment opportunities.
v. Increase in revenue of the state exchequer.
Control Measures
Two village are likely to be affected due to mining & its related activities of
proposed projects. Total PAF’s involved are 316. These families will be
resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest
R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 10
11.3.6 Impacts on flora and fauna Impacts:
As this is an existing mine, normal mining activities are expected to
continue in the area which will result in modification of landscape. However,
Changes brought about in the landscape, due to mining will be reclaimed as
per Post Mining Plan.
As the forest within lease area and in near vicinity is already degraded,
presence of wild animals is minimal. However, the forest of the neighboring
Forest Division is anticipated to support faunal ecosystem.
Control Measures:
The enhancement of forest area should be done through technical and
biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation,
compensatory afforestation, creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.
Water body created by the final voids will be beneficial to flora and aquatic
ecosystem as the area is prone to water scarcity.
Top Soil Management during the mining phase is highly recommended for
restoration and reclamation of mine spoil sites through nutrient rich top soil.
The mine water should not be discharged to neighboring water bodies. If
required, water is discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse
impact on downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.
Green Belt Development for abating air pollution and enhancing green
cover.
11.3.7 Impact on hydrology & hydro-geology and control measures
(i) Impacts
Siltation and chocking of water courses.
Deterioration of water quality & pollution of water bodies.
Due to excavation, decline in ground water in the immediate vicinity.
(ii) Control measures
The backfilling of the decoaled area will reduce the mine seepage
resulting to restore ground water.
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 11
Recycling of wastewater at some sources after appropriate treatment
to achieve "zero discharge" to the extent possible.
The quality of the treated effluents will be maintained as per norm..
Reuse of treated water for watering of plants.
Provision of Oil & grease traps and settling chambers for industrial
effluents from workshop and reuse of treated water.
Provision of garland drain and sedimentation pond/settling tank
around mine boundary.
Storm water drainage arrangement.
11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
For effective implementation of various environmental control measures
and subsequently monitoring the same, permanent environmental management
organisations are essential at corporate, area and project levels. The various
environmental attributes like air quality, water quality, effluent quality, noise level,
etc. is being and will be monitored as per the following schedules:
For air quality Two days in a month at each station (once in a fortnight).
For water and effluent quality
Once in a month for each station (for drinking water quality), once in a fortnight (for 4 parameters) and once in a year (23 parameters) (for effluent quality)
For ground water level monitoring
4 times in a year (i.e., April/May, August, November & January)
For noise level
Once in a day-time and once in a night-time in every fortnight at each station.
11.5 PROJECT BENEFITS
The proposed expansion project will enhance the socio-economic activities
in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:
Improvement in Physical Infrastructure in the area
Improvement in Social Infrastructure
Increase in Employment Potential
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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 12
Accelerated economic activities and urbanization may increase
quality of life and standard of living.
Contribution of Direct tax, sales tax , Royalty etc to the National
Exchequer
Post-closure Enhancement of Green Cover
MCL, as a responsible corporate organization, is playing a significant role
in developing the region around its mines in the State of Odisha.MCL takes up
various infrastructural development works in the surrounding area covering the felt
needs of the local community.
11.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
A well defined Environment Management Plan will be implemented as
described in EIA/EMP for proper monitoring and ensuring proper implementation
of suggestive mitigative measures. For ensuring the effectiveness of mitigative
measures routine environmental monitoring is being and will be done as per the
conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance letter. For effective
implementation of various environmental control measures and subsequently
monitoring the same, dedicated technical personnel are being and will be deployed
at corporate, area and project levels.
11.7 CONCLUSION
To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more
super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern
India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield.
Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks,
formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for
rated capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 12, Page - 1
Chapter-12
DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
12.1 NAME OF CONSULTANT
Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited. Briefly, it is called as
‘CMPDI’. It is an ISO 9001 Company. It is also A category accredited consultant by
QCI/NABET in Mining of Minerals, Coal Washeries and Thermal Power Plants
Projects. The Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 is valid
till 01.10.2020.
Its registered corporate office is situated at Gondwana Place, Kanke Road,
Ranchi – 834031, the capital city of Jharkhand State. It operates through seven
strategically located Regional Institutes over six states territories of India. Details of
all seven Institutes including its corporate office are given as in Table-12.1.
Table-12.1
SI No.
Offices Addresses
Tel/Fax Postal E-Mail Website
1 Corporate Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi-834031, Jharkhand
cmpdihq@cmpdi.co.in http://www. cmpdi.co.in
+916512231850 / 51 / 52
2 Regional Institute-I
West End, GT Road, Asansole – 713301, West Bengal
ri1@cmpdi.co.in +913412253504/ +913412250935
3 Regional Institute-II
Koyla Bhawan, Koyla Nagar, Dhanbad- 826005, Jharkhand
ri2@cmpdi.co.in +913262230789/ +913262230500
4 Regional Institute-III
Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi-834031, Jharkhand
ri3@cmpdi.co.in +916512231506/ +916512231501
5 Regional Institute-IV
Kasturba Nagar, Jaripatka, Nagpur- 440014
ri4@cmpdi.co.in +917122642134/ +917122643231
6 Regional Institute- V
SECL Complex, Seepat Road, Bilaspur-495006, Chhatisgarh.
ri5@cmpdi.co.in +917752246482/ +917752246481
7 Regional Institute-VI
CWS Colony, P.O. Jayant Colliery, Singrauli- 486890, M.P.
ri6@cmpdi.co.in +917805222329, 222172 / +917805222330
8 Regional Institute-VII
Near Gandhi Park, Samantapuri, PO:RRL, Bhubaneswar-751013, Odisha
ri7@cmpdi.co.in +916742392627 +916742394143
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 12, Page - 2
All the above Regional Institutes are dedicated to render services to seven
subsidiaries of the CIL as follows:
Table-12.2
Sl. No. Institutes Dedicated to
1 Regional Institute-I Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (ECL)
2 Regional Institute-II Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL)
3 Regional Institute-III Central Coalfields Ltd. (CCL)
4 Regional Institute-IV Western Coalfields Ltd. (WCL)
5 Regional Institute-V South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (SECL)
6 Regional Institute-VI Northern Coalfields Ltd. (NCL)
7 Regional Institute-VII Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. (MCL)
Headquarter Ranchi is committed to render services to NEC & Non-CIL
clients and specialized assignments for both CIL & Non-CIL clients.
12.2 BRIEF RESUME OF THE CONSULTANTS
The company was formerly known as Coal Mines Authority Limited. And, the
Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (herein after called as CMPDI) is a
planning & design division of Coal India Limited (herein after called as CIL) as per
Memorandum of Association of the company. The CIL is a holding company since
November 01, 1975, and the CMPDIL is one of its subsidiaries since then. It is under
Ministry of Coal, Government of India.
CMPDI is a premier consultant in open-pit and underground mine planning
and design in coal, lignite and other minerals. CMPDI holds a position of eminence in
the field of environmental engineering both in coal and other sectors. CMPDI has well
equipped network of 6 laboratories located in various coalfields to regularly monitor
air, water noise parameters.
New generation exploration technology coupled with skilled manpower has
made CMPDI a leader in mineral exploration, resource evaluation, resource
management, mining geology, hydro-geological & geophysical studies, engineering
geology investigations, etc.
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Job No.706135 Chapter – 12, Page - 3
12.3 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
CMPDI is routinely dealing with multi-dimensional environmental complexities
of the coal and mineral sector to promote environmentally benign mining design and
mitigation practices in India & abroad.
The services include EIA/EMPs for mining and coal beneficiation projects,
planning & design of Pollution Control Facilities (Industrial & Domestic Effluent
treatment Plants), Mine Closure Plan, Slope Stability analysis for dumps & high walls
and regular environmental monitoring (air, water and noise level). The environmental
laboratory at CMPDI (HQ) is accredited by NABL with ISO-9001 certification.
CMPDI is also accredited by National Board of Education & Training
(NABET), an organ of Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi as an EIA Consulting
Organization for two sectors namely mining of minerals including opencast /
underground mining and Coal washeries as per the requirement of Ministry of
Environment & Forests, Government of India.
12.3.1 SERVICES OFFERED
1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)/ Environmental Management Plan
(EMP)
2. Environmental Monitoring
3. Environmental Statement and Mine Closure Plan
4. Slope Stability and Soil Conservation Studies
5. Engineering Services
6. Land Use Planning
7. Rain Water Harvesting
8. Fly Ash Disposal Studies
9. Research & Development
10. Laboratory Services