BASIC FIRST AIDNC STATE University

Fire Marshal’s Office

Fire Marshal’s Office2610 Wolf Village WayCampus Box 8007Raleigh, NC 27607

General Rules of First Aid

Stay calm

Be prepared

Use Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions

Blood and body fluids of all persons are considered infectiousBody fluids are: saliva, nasal and wound

drainage, vomit, urine and feces

Universal Precautions

Hand washing

Gloves

Trash Disposal

Hand Washing Tips!

Does any one know how long your suppose to wash your hand???

For 20 seconds! Make sure to use warm water and soap!

You can sing the Happy Birthday Song or sing your ABC’s

Protect your hands

Wear gloves as barrier protection when touching body fluids

Minimizes exposure to any substances

Wash hands thoroughly after gloves areremoved

Contaminated Clothing/Skin

If garments are penetrated by blood or fluids, the clothing needs to be removed and skin washed immediately.

This will minimize the potential for infection through the skin.

Examples of Serious Injury/Illness

No breathing or pulse

Difficulty breathingEye injuryProlonged seizure

(greater than 5 minutes)

Allergic reactionsHemorrhage

HeatstrokeChest painBack/neck/head

injuryBurns to large area

of the bodyPenetrating injuryPoison ingestion

Serious Injury or Illness

Do not move the patient unless danger exists to patient

Ensure safety to yourself FIRST!Universal precautionsAssess for life threatening conditionsRender first aidActivate 911

If person is unconscious…

1) Call 9112) – Retrieve AED (if available)3) – Assess CAB’s4) – Airway - position the patient to open it5) – Breathing - If absent, give mouth to

mouth if barrier device is available6) – Circulation - check for pulse, if absent,

start CPR and make sure 911 has been called.

CPR

Simple Two Step Method1. Call 9-1-1!2. Start chest

compressionsDo compressions at a rate of 100 a minute!

• Hard• Fast • Deep

How to do CPR

http://youtu.be/2J-oSj5IkEY

Automated External Defibrillator

Call 9-1-1Turn on AEDFollow the directionsPlace pads on victims

clean & dry chestAllow AED to analyze

patientContinue CPR till

shock is advised. If no shock is advised, continue CPR

While CPR is being performed..

Call 9-1-1Start chest compressionsTry to locate an AEDIf AED is available, turn on the AED and follow

directions. If help is available, have someone use AED while

others are continuing on with chest compressions.Place pads on victims clean and dry chest.

◦ Men may have a hairy chest ◦ Ladies may have on a bra◦ If victim is wet or sweaty, take a dry towel or cloth and

dry he or she off.

While CPR is being performed..

• Continue with compressions till the AED has analyzed the patient

• A shock will be advised or not advised• If advised…

• Clear everyone from around the patient so that the shock may be delivered

• If not advised…• Continue on with CPR until EMS arrives and take

over

Bleeding Wounds

Apply direct pressureElevate the injured part unless a fracture

is suspectedIf bleeding cannot be controlled or internal

bleeding suspected…call 911Treat for shock

Cuts and Abrasions

Cleanse wound with antiseptic or soap and water

Apply dressing / bandage if wound is bleeding

Depending on the severity, evaluate need for EMS

http://youtu.be/7fZ3sle8o9k

Nosebleeds

Position head slightly forward (Sniffing position)

Apply firm pressure to lower portion of nose for at least 5 minutes

Advise against nose blowing

Apply iceConsider need for

hospital/urgent care transport if bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes

Burns

1st Degree: Minor burn with no blisters present & most commonApply cool water for

15 minutesDo not apply

ointmentsApply a cool wet

dressing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwpkrkWrXVI

Eye- Foreign Body

Flush with water for at least 5 minutes

Do not attempt to remove any embedded objects

If pain persists, determine the need for EMS /

Hospital / Urgent Care transport

Poisons

Call 911 if decreased level of consciousness

Identify the poison, amount consumed, and time ofingestion if possible

Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for instructions

Send the poison and any vomit to hospital with victim

Seizures

Position on side if possible, protect yourself and patient from injury

Do not insert anything into their mouth

Call 911 if first time seizure or if seizure activity is continuous and lasts longer than 5 minutes

Choking

Assess for partial or complete obstruction

If unable to cough, speak or breathe, administer the Heimlich Maneuver

Call 911 and continue Heimlich Maneuver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htzRcv1Z6_s

Heat exhaustion

Signs/symptoms– Cool, clammy skin– Weak, nausea, cramps– Feeling faintTreatment– Rest, lie down– Keep cool– Give sips of water, up to one quart

Summary

Remain calm

Protect yourself FIRST by using universal precautions

Protect victim from further injury

Call 911 if you have any doubts or encounter any situation that you are not comfortable with

Questions????

THANK YOU!!!

NC STATE UniversityFire Marshal’s Office

firesafetyhelp@ncsu.edu Office: 919-515-2568Police: 919-515-3000