Post on 24-Feb-2016
description
BAND NOTES2013-14
Musical Eras Ancient – BC-500AD Medieval – 500-1400 Renaissance – 1400-1600 Baroque – 1600-1750 Classical – 1750-1820 Romantic – 1820-1900 Modern – 1900-present
Musical Eras Ancient BC – 500AD
Highly developed Greeks, Romans Far East, Africa, Americas, Native Australia Modes came from ancient music No official written record so little is proven
about characteristics but we know it existed Composers unknown
Musical Eras Medieval 500-1400
Most music occurred in churches, monasteries – Sacred music
First written records of music and notation Gregorian chant Almost all vocal, few instruments Single lines, monophony Gneumes Texts were mostly Latin Composers – Hildegard von Bingen, Leonin,
Perotin
Musical Eras Renaissance 1400-1600
Repetition Court music Sacred and Secular music Instruments in small groups Polyphony Melody and accompaniment Composers – Palestrina, Josquin, William Byrd,
Thomas Tallis
Musical Eras Baroque 1600-1750
Highly ornamented Repetition Larger groups of instruments (still small) Oratorios Cantatas Fugues Figured Bass and improvisation Concertos for solo instruments with
accompaniment Composers – J.S. Bach, Antonio Vivaldi
Musical Eras Classical 1750-1820
More complicated harmonies More complicated forms First symphony – Haydn The beginning of orchestras as we know them
today Opera Composers – Mozart, Haydn
Musical Eras Romantic 1820-1900
Large ensembles and orchestras Symphony form perfected and elongated Dramatic music in terms of volume and style Music that tells a story Complicated harmonies, forms, use of
chromaticism and dissonance Beethoven – 9 symphonies Tchaikovsky Wagner Brahms
Musical Eras Modern 1900- present
Complicated rhythms Atonal harmonies Mixed meters Folk music Nationalism Composers – Bernstein, Copland, Stravinsky,
Holst, Gershwin, Debussy
Enharmonics Notes that sound the same but are
spelled differently Example – C# = Db Write down all the other enharmonics Half steps between white keys on the
keyboard Between E and F Between B and C
Instrument Keys Concert Pitch or C – flute, oboe, bassoon,
trombone, euphonium, tuba, percussion, piano
Bb – Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Tenor Sax, Trumpet
Eb – Alto Sax, Bari Sax F – English Horn, French Horn
Order of sharps F, C, G, D, A, E B
Order of flats Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb, Fb
Key Signatures Sharps – look at the last sharp (the one
furthest to the right) and go up one Example - 2 sharps F and C = key of D
Flats – look at the flat before the last flat Example – 3 flats Bb, Eb, and Ab = key of Eb
Triads CEG GBD DFA ACE EGB BDF FAC
Triads/Chords Major Triad – 1, 3, 5 Augmented – 1, 3, raised 5 Minor Triad - 1, lowered 3, 5 Diminished Triad – 1 , lowered 3, lowered
5
Melodies Conjunct – smooth, movement by step Disjunct – skips and leaps, not smooth Major Minor
Minor Scales Two types
Relative – share key signature Parallel – share starting and ending notes
Three forms Natural – same as key signature Harmonic – raise the 7th note Melodic – raise the 6th and 7th ascending and
lower the 6th and 7th descending (natural form descending)
Musical Expression Ascending notes crescendo Descending notes decrescendo Short to long Weak to strong Long notes must have shape Melody must always be heard Background parts must have shape
Syncopation Rhythmic emphasis on the upbeat as
opposed to the downbeat
Recapitulation Re-statement of the main theme usually
following a development section
Form How music is organized
Overture ABA – ternary AB – binary Sonata AABA