STORY TIME18th Oct

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Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 –1887)

• Dorothea Dix – American activist - Superintendent of Army Nurses.

• Opened first Lunatic Asylum for the mentally ill

• Trenton, New Jersey, 1848

WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY - 10 October

• She suffered debilitating mental breakdowns

• Eventually admitted to the same Hospital 

Therapy for Mental Illness

• Jules Wagner-Jauregg (University of Vienna)• Observation - Mental symptoms disappeared

in mental patients ill with Fever• He injected malarial blood into mentally ill

patients to induce fever• Fever - therapy was dangerous• No effective Malaria Rx• Killing about 15% of patients• So it was abandoned• Received the Nobel Prize in 1927

Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860

• American railroad construction foreman - Blaster • 1848 - Rock blasting accident with a large iron rod

3 feet 7 inches long and 3.2cm diameter, 6kg • Pierced through his head, destroying his brain• He was conscious and able to walk within minutes

of the accident. Taken to Hospital

Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860

• Operated for removal of bone pieces and part of the brain

• Comatose for 14 days• Miraculously recovered • Personality changed after brain injury

The Transformation

• Before – Hard working responsible • He was favorite, efficient, capable• After – Mind changed, vulgar, indecent• Psychopath – Aggressive and violent,

drinking, lying, brawling, Unacceptable • Died due to Status Epilepticus • 12 yrs after his injury• This case gave newer approaches for

treatment of Mental Illnesses

Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955

• Portuguese Neurologist • First Cerebral angiography - 1927 • 1935 – First lobotomy of Frontal Lobe• To change the mindset of violent patients• 20 patients who had suffered from anxiety,

depression, schizophrenia.• Used crude hammer and chisel

Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955

• Drilled holes in the skull on both sides• Injected alcohol to destroy nerve fibers• Leucotome – Extend a metal loop inside to cut

the brain parts• Tried on Murder Convicts of the prison• Shot by one of his patients in spine• He became paraplegic - on wheelchair

Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955

First Portuguese - Nobel Prize in 1949

Dr. Walter J Freeman 1895 - 1972

• American Physician, Neurologist • Yale university (Not a Surgeon)• Lobotomy to disconnect Thalamus

(Emotional Brain) from the Frontal lobe – (Thinking brain)

• To calm patients emotions and stabilize their personalities without changing their intelligence and motor functions.

• Trans-orbital approach

The Trans-orbital approach

• Ice Pick Lobotomy – Transorbital• Electro-convulsive shock before surgery• To reach the frontal lobe through the tear ducts. • The Ice-pick would then be scrambled from side

to side in order to damage the frontal lobe

Transorbital lobotomy

• Blind dissection of the brain• Lobotomobile – Operation Van • High Mortality and Morbidity• Done in 10 minutes, anywhere, without

anaesthesia, without asepsis and without the assistance of a surgeon.

• Despite a 14 per cent fatality rate, Freeman performed 3,439 lobotomies.

• Total 40000 done in US.

Rosemary Kennedy

• Sister of President John F Kennedy, 23 yrs • Violent Mood swings and rebellious. • Erratic behavior in convent school• Considered psychologically unstable by her family • 1941 - Lobotomy done by Dr. Freeman to calm her • She was conscious during the procedure• They asked her to recite National anthem• Continued till she stopped responding• There was a big mistake….

Fate of Rosemary Kennedy

• She Became vegetative• Poor Brain functions like an infant• Unable to speak or walk• Lived in Psychiatric hospital• Died at 86 yrs in same status • Eunice Kennedy became an activist

in the field of mental retardation. • She founded the Special Olympics

for mentally disabled athletes

Lobotomies were banned after the death of a patient of Dr. Freeman due to brain Haemorrhage - 1967

Charles Whitman 1941 -1966

• Charles Whitman, 25yrs, US Marine corps and Engineering student

• Stayed away from his father (Rude)• Loved his mother and wife• Good Student of Marine services• Noticed Sudden change in his behavior,

consulted five Psychiatrists• ‘I have been a victim of many unusual

and irrational thoughts’• He was consuming large doses of

Dexdrine – Amphetamine

The Unexpected fate…

• 1st Aug 1966 - Killed his mother and wife in sleep by stabbing them

• He wrote letters beside his mother and wife after killing them.

• He mentioned – ‘He loved them, and wanted them to be safe in heaven’

• Then he went to the Texas University

Texas University Shootout Case

• Went to top of Texas University• Killed 3 people on the way• Fired at innocent people for 96min, killing 14

people and injuring 32.• He was shot dead by the police

Brain ib6aD

• He had requested for autopsy after his death to find out reason of his headaches and moods.

• There was a Frontal lobe tumor, Astrocytoma pressing on the amagdala

• It could have contributed to his inability to control his emotions and actions.

• Excess of Dexdrine

MALASIAN FLIGHT 370

SUICIDES MURDERS

CRIMINALS

ANTISOCIALS

TERRORISTS

SPLIT – BRAIN

• Roger W. Sperry, Neuropsychologist • Nobel Prize in 1981• “Split-Brain” studies on cats • Different functions of Left and Right Brain• Both sides are involved in each function

differently• One side may dominate other• Personality change with Rt or Lt ?

TEST MY BRAIN

TEST MY BRAIN

START THE TEST…

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FIND A HUMAN FIGURE IN HERE..

STROOP EFFECT – READ THE COLOR

Read Fast…

Count the F

FIND THE MISTAKE

READ THIS

Which Grey is Darker?

In 1981, Israeli artist Isia Leviant Made a painting called The Enigma 

Her mann grid illusion

Motion-induced blindness

DISTORTION TEST

OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Mueller-Lyer Illusion

Jastrow Illusion

Kanizsa Tri an gle

Sander illusion

Ebbing haus Illusion

Zollner's illusion 

A TWIST

LOOK IN THE CENTER

THE BALL TURNS GREEN?

Four Perfectly Round Circles

Who is he?

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

• Lift your Right foot• Make Clockwise Circles

• Lift your Right hand• Draw Number SIX

• Check your Right foot

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

HAPPY DIWALI