B. Operation Torch (Nov. ’42)

C. Operation Overlord/D-DayJune 6, 1944

Gen. Eisenhower with D-Day troops; unconditional surrender!

D. Battle of the Bulge/Ardennes(Dec. 44-Jan.45)

1. Last offensive attack by Germany

2. Germany never recoups3. Largest # of men

served/worst casualties for Allies

E. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower

1. Supreme Commander of Europea. Operation Torchb. D-Dayc. V-E Day

On to the Pacific!

                                      

Places of Conflict

F. The Pacific & Island Hopping

1. Battle of Midway: “payback” for P.H. (Jun ’42)

a. Japan w/largest fleet ever ensemble; 110 ship

b. Allies outnumbered 4/1c. Japan never recoversd. Safeguard Hawaii and

communications

2. Iwo Jima: refueling and bombing Japan

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Iwo-to_landsat1999.jpg

3. Battle of Okinawa (4/’45)

a. Last major battle in the pacificb. More men than in D-Day c. Worst US casualties in the Pacific

kamikaze

16

25.6:The Last Stages of War

The Holocaust: The systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, more

than half of whom were Jews

A. Holocaust

1. Nuremberg Laws2. Kristallnacht:

crystal night (1938)3. Final solution =

genocide

*A. German Forces1. Schutzstaffel: started

as Hitler’s bodyguards. (Himmler)

2. Gestapo: the Secret State police (Goering)

3. German army

Hitler’s top men…

Goering Himmler Goebbels

*Gestapo controlled concentration camps; <half of those who died here are shown

*C. Where can the Jews go?(1933)

1. Refugee problem…a. Quotas on immigrantsb. National Origins Act of 1929; limited immigration

to 150,000 in U.S.2. U.S., depression, refugees…

– How are these connected?

*D. The Final Solution: Genocide

1. The condemned: Jews and any other seen as undesirable

a. Political opponents – communists, socialistb. Religious groupsc. Homosexualsd. Disabled; mentally, physically

2. Method a. Shot in cold bloodb. starved ghettosc. sent to labor/concentration campsd. Used for medical experiments

Holocaust Victims1939-1945

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

jews soviets poles disabled

East

*E. Concentration Camps

Jewish Ghetto

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png

To the right, slave laborTo the left, gas chamber

*F. Death Marches

B. Yalta Conference(Feb. 4, 1945)

1. Agreed to:a. “Spheres of

influence”b. Membership terms

for United Nationc. Stalin agrees to enter

Pacific frontd. Soviet troops can

stay in occupied lands but no building of “empire” in Eastern Europe

e. Division of Germany and Berlin

C. FDR Passes awayApril 12, 1945

D. Potsdam Conference (6/’45)

1. Unconditional surrender of Japan

2. Stalin to enter Aug. 8, ‘45

Truman, Attlee and Stalin

E. Manhattan Project: To drop or not to drop the bomb…

1. No need to invade Japan

2. Lives of American troops saved

3. Would bring an end to the war more rapidly

4. Would stop the Soviet Union from entering war and possibly taking over lands in the region

Oppenheimer

US sites important to Manhattan Project

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/AtomicEffects-Hiroshima.jpg

F. Nuremberg War TrialsTrials of Nazi leaders at Nuremberg, Germany

****************************************************************************Do not cover: Operation

Barbarossa June 1941

1. Making advances early on

2. Industrial city3. winter

Dresden (Feb. 1945)

1. Civilian city2. Communication center3. Destroys moral and economy4. Luftwaffe lose many airplanes