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Experiment InstructionHM 291 Axial-Flow Impulse
Turbine Demonstrator
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Experiment Instruction
Publication-No.: 06/00
Please read and follow the instructions before the first installation!
917.000 00 A 291 12
06/00
HM 291 Axial Flow Impeller Turbine Unit
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.U.N.T.
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teba
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,Bars
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Unit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 Experimental Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2 HM280.01 Interface Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 HM280.02 Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 Safety and Operating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Commisioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1 Installation of the Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2 Setup and Connection of the Demonstration Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.1 Connecting the Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.2 Connecting to the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.3 Connecting the Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 Placing into Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1 Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1.1 Software Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 Recording the turbine characteristic curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.1 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.2 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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1 Introduction
The G.U.N.T. HM 291Axial Flow Impeller Turbine Unit with
PC Data Acquisition is part of an equipment series that
facilitates the investigation of a wide range of hydraulic engi-
nes and machines such as pumps, fans and water turbines.
All demonstration units in this range are equipped with
electronic sensors for PC data acquisition.
In addition to the demonstration unit, the HM290 TurbineService Unit, an Interface Module and a PC Data Acquisition
Card with analysis software are required. This set-up permits
the measured values to be displayed graphically and also
facilitates the recording of characteristic curves.
Using the HM291 demonstration unit, the characteristic be-
haviour of a water turbine (impulse-type turbine) can be
determined.
- Power as a function of volumetric flow rate, pressure and
speed
- Recording of torque characteristic
- Determination of the turbine efficiency
The system is suitable for both practice-related training in
vocational colleges and for laboratory experiments in techni-
cal colleges and universities.
The system is only intended to be used for training and
experimental purposes.AllrightsreservedG.U.N.T.
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2 Unit Description
In addition to the actual demonstration unit, termedexperimental module in the following, a functionaltest stand includes an HM290 Turbine ServiceUnit, an Interface Module (HM280.01), a DataAcquisition Card with Software (HM280.03) and aSet of Connecting Cables (HM280.04). TheHM290, HM280.01 - HM280.04 units are not inclu-ded and must be ordered separately. They can
also be used for other demonstration units in thisseries, e.g., HM288, 289 etc.
2.1 Experimental Module
The experimental module includes, in addition tothe Axial flow turbine (1) to be investigated, thewater connecting pipe (2), a braking device with
torque sensor (4) and a speed sensor (5). All com-ponents are fitted to a sturdy base plate (6) that isplaced on the tank on the HM290 Turbine ServiceUnit and bolted in place using two bolts (7). Wateris supplied via the Turbine Service Unit where thepressure and volumetric flow rate are also measu-red.
Specifically, the experimental module consists ofthe following components:
- Turbine (1) with transparent turbine housingand bolted bearing (8) for the wheel shaft (16).The water leaving the turbine passes throughthe open base in the housing direct to theTurbine Service Unit tank below. The over-mo-unted wheel (9) is sprayed with four water-jetsfrom the water distributor (10). Using the distri-butor (17) the nozzles of the water-distributorare supplied with water.
7 5 4 6 17
9 10 7 15
1 15 2
Fig. 2.1 Experimental Module Layout
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- Braking device consisting of braking belt (11),
belt pulley (12), guide roller (13) and tensioningbolt (14). The belt force is measured using astrain gauge (4). The speed is measured usingan inductive proximity switch (5) on the front ofthe belt pulley.
- The signal processing electronics for the sen-sors are in splash protected housings (15) onthe base plate. The connection to the InterfaceModule is made using 5-pole DIN connectors.
12 11 13
144
5
Fig. 2.2 Braking Device
11 13 5 12 4
8
16
9 10
Fig. 2.3 Turbine
Fig. 2.4 Hose-connections for water distri-butor Fig. 2.5 Running wheel without housing ring
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2.2 HM 280.01 Interface Module
The Interface Module provides the power supplyfor the sensors and feeds the measured signals tothe data acquisition card in the PC.
On the front panel of the Interface Module thereare eight 5-pole sockets that are connected to thesensors using data cables. The sockets 1-8 (1) arefor sensors with a voltage output of 0 - 5 V. Besidethese it is also possible to connect TTL-based
digital signals.The pins on the sockets are assigned as follows:
- Pin 1: +15 V
- Pin 2: Analogue input(0 - 5 V)
- Pin 3: Ground
- Pin 4: Digital input (TTL)
- Pin 5: -15 V
Also on the front panel of the module is an ON/OFF
switch (2).
On the rear panel a mains connector with series fuse(3) is fitted, the module is supplied with 230V / 50 Hzvia this connector.
One 37-pin SUB-D socket and one 37-pin SUB-Dconnector (4) are used for transfer Data to the PC
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
Sensor Netz/Power
HM 280.01Schnittstellenmodul
Interface console
12
Fig. 2.6 Frontseite
Vorffnen des GehusesNetzstecker ziehen!Disconnect from power supplybefore opening!
220 - 240 V,50Hz PC-interface
4
3
Fig. 2.7 Rckseite
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2.3 HM280.02 Power Meter
Whilst the Interface Module is imperative for theoperation of the demonstration unit, the PowerMeter is optional.The following components are fitted to the frontpanel of the Power Meter:
- Digital display (1) for displaying the power.
- Master switch (2) for switching on and off theloads.
- Red LED (3) for the indication of over rangemeasurements.
- 5-pole socket (4) as analogue output (0 - 5 V).
The Power Meter is inserted in the mains cable tothe demonstration unit. A unit is fitted to the rearpanel that comprises a switch, connector and fuse(5), this is used for the supply from the mains(230V, 50Hz). The unit is then supplied via a
socket (6).
ATTENTION! Do not exceed the measuring ran-
ge of max. 600 W
The analogue output signal is, as for the othersensor signals, connected to the HM280.01 Inter-face Module.
HM 280.02Leistungsmegert
Power measurement device
Last / LoadSchnittstellenmodul/Interface console
berlast / Overload
Leistung / Power W
199.9 W
3
1 4 2
Fig. 2.8 Frontseite
Vor ffnen des Gehuses Netzstecker ziehen!Disconnect from power supply before opening!
Last / Load 220 - 240 V, 50 Hz
5
6
Fig. 2.9 Rckseite
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3 Safety and Operating Instructions
The demonstration unit left the factory in safe working order.
To maintain this state and to ensure hazard-free operation,
the following is to be observed:
DANGER! Electric Shock
Before making changes to the electrical circuits,
unplug from the mains.
- Changes and repairs to the electrical equipmentare only to be performed by suitably qualified
personnel.
- In case of obvious faults (e.g. cut through
insulation on electrical cables), operation of
the unit is very hazardous. In this situation
the unit is to be taken out of operation imme-
diately.
- Do not bring the electrical parts into contact with
water.
ATTENTION! Damage to the demonstration
unit
Prior to placing the unit in operation, all per-
sons involved in the experiment are to be brie-
fed on the correct operation of the unit.
- The unit is only to be used in dry, indoor rooms in
which there are no flammable or caustic gases,vapours or dusts.
- If the demonstration unit is brought into a warm
room from the cold, it should not be placed in
operation straight away. The condensation that
may be produced could irreparably damage the
sensors on the unit and the accessories.
- The demonstration unit is only permitted to be
used with the medium intended (pure water,
exception: HM286 lubricating oil VG100).
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- Do run pumps dry!
- Do not apply external sources of power to the
sensor sockets.
- Only connect sensors with the cables provided
for this purpose.
- Do not remove or reverse hoses on the pres-
sure sensors or measuring glands, as other-
wise incorrect measured values will be
displayed.
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4 Commisioning
4.1 Installation of the Turbine
Once the HM290 Turbine Service Unit has beenset up on a flat surface, the components can beplaced in operation in the following order:
- Fill the supply tank with around 15 litres of cleanwater.
- Place the HM291 turbine model on the tank and
bolt in place using the two hand bolts. Theprojecting part of the turbine module must pointin the direction of the hose connection on theHM290.
- ATTENTION!Do not tighten the bolts excessi-vely, the base plate may distort and leak.
- Make hose connection with union nut.
HM290
HM291
Hose Connection
Hand Bolts
Fig. 4.1 Fitting the Turbine Module to the HM290 Turbine Ser-vice Unit
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4.2 Setup and Connection of the Demonstration Unit
To use the demonstration unit, it is first connectedto the Power Meter, if used, and to the InterfaceModule using the Set of Connecting Cables.
4.2.1 Connecting the Sensors
The connection between the transducers and theInterface Module is made using 5-pole cables.
Attention, some of the transducers are on theHM290 Turbine Service Unit.
- Flow rate F1 (1) on sensor input 1 (HM290)
- Inlet pressure P1 (2) on sensor input 2 (HM290)
- Speed n1 (3) on sensor input 3 (HM291)
- Torque (4) on sensor input 4 (HM291)
- Pump power (if available) (5) on sensor input 5(HM280.02)
If the sensors are connected differently, incorrectmeasured values will be displayed.
4.2.2 Connecting to the PC
Data transfer to the PC is performed using a rib-bon cable that is inserted in a socket on the rearof the Interface Module. There is a correspondingsocket on the Data Acquisition Card.
Vor ffnendes GehusesNetzstecker ziehen!Disconnectfrompower supply beforeopening!
220 - 240 V, 50 Hz PC-interface
Interface Module
Fig. 4.2 Connection to the PC
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4.2.3 Connecting the Power Supply
The demonstration unit is supplied with power fromthe mains (230 V, 50 Hz).
The speed regulator (not on HM285/HM290) canalso be supplied directly from the mains. However,it is then not possible to measure the power.
The following figure shows the connections.
Vor ffnendesGehusesNetzstecker ziehen!Disconnect frompower supply beforeopening!
220 -240V,50 Hz PC-interface
Mains PlugsInterface Module
Pump
Fig. 4.3 Mains Connection
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4.3 Placing into Operation
- Switch on Interface Module.
- Switch on PC, start Windows and start theruntime software for the HM280.03.
- Loosen the tensioning bolt on the braking de-vice until the belt is no longer under any tensi-on.
- Switch on pump, open valve on the service unit,check connections for leaks and run up the
turbine.
- Check whether plausible measured values aredisplayed. (Otherwise check sensor connecti-ons).
- Using the tensioning bolt, tension the belt andretard the turbine. The torque display on the PCshould now start to increase.
4.4 Maintenance
- Exposure to light can result in the growth of algae.
- The water should be drained for extended breaksin operation
- Change the water if it is contaminated.
- Drain the water if there is a risk of frost.
- Always keep the belt pulley and belts for thebrake unit dry and clean.
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5 Experiments
5.1 Software
After calling up the software you must first select
the demo model, here the HM 290 Turbine Service
Module.
You will then be moved to the main windowfrom
where you can access the various subprograms.
You can also change the language settings using
menu item "about GUNT".
The subprogram System Diagram displays a
process diagram. Measured values are displayed
numerically online.
Fig. 5.1Main Window
Fig. 5.2Language setting
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In the subprogram Curve Measurement the mea-
sured values can be plotted in a graph and stored.
This subprogram contains a number of options for
optimally generating a measured value (test) curve.
Fig. 5.3System Diagram
10 7 8 9
10 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fig. 5.4System Values
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To create a new curve you must first define the
measured variables that are to be displayed. Use
button (9) for this.
A list of available measured variables is then dis-
played. Whereas you can only select one variable
for the abscissa (x axis , up to four different varia-
bles can be displayed simultaneously for ordinates(y axis). This permits almost any imaginable shape
to be displayed.
Then, you must assign a name to the curve. You
can do this using button (4). A dialog window then
opens in which you can input the curve name and
any other comments that you wish to make.
Now you can initiate the actual recording of the
measured values. A crosshair indicates the current
Fig. 5.5Entering a file name and a comment
Fig. 5.6Selecting measured variables and axes
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measured value(s). If these measured values are
satisfactory and stable you can use button (6) toadd a new measuring point to the curve. The
measuring points do not have to be in a single row
for this Additional measuring points are added in
the magnitude of the x axis. If you wish to delete a
measuring point, first select it using (3) and then
click button (5). The current x value is displayed.
You can have more than one curve drawn in the
same diagram simply by creating a new curve
using (4). If there is more than one curve in the
diagram you can use button (1) to activate the
curve you wish to edit. This allows other measuring
points to be subsequently added.
Using (7) you can print out curves; use (8) to print
out measured values in table format.
Use menu item file(10) to save plots to a file.
11
12
13 14
Fig. 5.7Changing the scaling
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You can change the scaling for a diagram by
directly selecting the upper (11) and lower final
values on the (12) y axis and the upper (14) and
lower final values (13) of the x axis in the diagram
window using the mouse button and then entering
new scale limit values.
5.1.1 Software Calculations
The following calculations are performed by the
software.
The flow is measured by a turbine over its charac-
teristic curve for flow/ frequency.
The mechanical useful output power for the turbine
is calculated from the torque (in Ncm) and speed
(in rpm):
Pmech
=2
60100Mn in W
The hydraulic output power for the turbine is calcu-
lated from the pump head (in bar) and the pumping
flow rate (in l/min):
Phyd=100
60pV
.
in W.
The efficiency level is yielded from the ratio of
mechanical useful output power to the hydraulic
input power:
=PmechPhyd
100% in % .
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5.2 Recording the turbine characteristic curve
Torque, power and efficiency level are applied
over speed to determine the turbine characteristic
curve. The flow rate remains constant for this.
- Switch on the interface module.
- Close the ball cock on the HM290 completely.
- Switch on pump HM290.
- Using the ball cock, adjust the flow rate and
pressure to the required levels.
- Loosen the adjusting screw for the turbine bra-
ke completely and record the first measuring
point without any load applied. The turbine is
running at maximum speed.
- Increase the load gradually using the adjusting
screw and record the subsequent measuring
points. When doing this, wait for the measured
value to achieve a steady state.
- Finally, increase the load until the turbine locksup. The characteristic curve is then completely
recorded.
Recording of the turbine characteristic curve can
then be repeated for other flow rates.
Different characteristic curves are obtained when
the torque or flow rate is varied while speed is kept
constant.
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5.3 Results
You can print out the stored test results.
The name of the student and the date can be
entered in the headers of the print-outs.
The following figure shows a graphic of the turbine
characteristic curves. In the example presented
here, the stored test results file was loaded into
ExcelTM.
Flow was full out for this test.
The torque characteristic curve decreases as it is
typical for water turbines at higher speed. But the
characteristic curve it not straight as per theory. At
zero torque the turbine reaches its no-load speed
of arround 5100 rpm. The maximum torque of
around 5 Ncm is reached at around 1000 rpm.
The power output curve indicates the turbines
maximum power of 12W over a relatively broad
range of speed.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
10
20
30
5000
OutputpowerinW
TorqueinNcm
Effic
iencylevelin%
Speed in 1/min
Output power
Torque
Efficiency
Fig. 5.8Turbine characteristic curve
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At this speed, the turbine also achieves its maxi-
mum efficiency of nealy 25%. At this speed the
water leaves the runner with a minimum of lost and
the output loss reaches a minimum. The direction
of water flow can be clearly observed due to the
transparent housing. The low efficiency can be
explained by the relatively high losses in four small
nozzles and a lot of friction in the lines and hoses.
The test results can also be printed out as a table
with numeric values.
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6 Appendix
6.1 Technical Data
Dimensions
L x W x H: 450 x 300 x 300 mm
Weight : approx. 20 kg
Supply
Water supply via HM290 Turbine Service Unit
Sensors are connected to the HM280.01 Inter-face Module.
Power Supply (HM290, HM280.01):
230 V, 50 Hz
Turbine
Type of Design: Axial turbine
Water inlet via 4 independent Nozzles
Mean Wheel Diameter 50 mm
Number of Blades: 36
Nozzles 4 pc.
Nozzle Cross-Section: 5 mm
Speed Range: 0... 5000 rpm
Output Power Range: 0...30 W
Torque Range: 0...10 Ncm
Sensors
Speed Measuring range: 0...10000 rpm Output Signal: 0...5 V
Torque
Measuring Range: 0...50 Ncm
Output Signal: 0...5 V
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HM280.01 Interface Module
L x W x H 260 x 265 x 160 mm
Weight 5 kg
Sensor Connections 8 x 0...5 V
Sensor Power Supply: 15 V DC
Power Supply: 230 V, 50 Hz
HM280.02 Power Meter
L x W x H: 260 x 265 x 110 mm
Weight : 4 kgMeasuring Range: 0...600 W
Output Signal: 0...1.5 V
Power Supply: 230 V, 50 Hz
HM280.03 Data Acquisition Card
Analogue Inputs: 16 single / 8 diff
Input Range: 5, 10 V
Digital Inputs: 16 TTL
Digital Outputs: 16 TTL
Power supply via PC
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6.2 Index
A
adding measuring points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15assigning curve names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Axial Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B
Belt Pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Braking Belt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Braking Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11
C
calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Connecting the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Connecting the Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Connecting to the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
D
Data Acquisition Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4E
efficiency level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Experimental Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
F Filling the Supply Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8flow rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
H
HM290 Turbine Service Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Hose Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8hydraulic output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
I
Inductive Proximity Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Installation of the Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
L
language setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12M
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11P
Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Placing in Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Power Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 10printing curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15printing tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Pump characteristic curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
12/05
HM 291 Axial Flow Impeller Turbine Unit
AllrightsreservedG.U.N.T.
Gerteba
uGmbH,
Barsbttel,Germany
6 Appendix 22
7/25/2019 Axial Flow Impulse Turbine Demonstraitor
26/26
S
Safety and Operating Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6saving curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Selecting measured variables and axes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Speed Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Speed Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Strain Gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
T
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Tensioning Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3test results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18torque characteristic curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Torque Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3turbine characteristic curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17turbine characteristic curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Turbine Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2U
Unit Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2useful output power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
W
Water Connecting Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
12/05
HM 291 Axial Flow Impeller Turbine Unit
AllrightsreservedG.U.N.T.
Gerteba
uGmbH,
Barsbttel,Germany