• Australian Bush Hat

• Keeps the Flies away from the eyes.

MutationWhat comes to mind when

you think of Mutations?

Mutation?

• Real or fake?

• March 10, 1996 - somewhere in the Pacific Northwest

1. AUGAAGUUUGGCGCA2. Met- Lys- Phe- Gly- Ala

• Row #1 represents a DNA strand w/ base pairs.

• Row #2 represents the Amino Acids that correspond to each 3 base pairs set.

• Amino Acids make proteins that perform functions in your body.

1. AUGAAGUUUAGCGCA2. Met- Lys- Phe- Ser- Ala- was a G and GLY

• There are 20 different Amino Acids.

• A change of one or more letters in your DNA will change the Amino Acid used to make proteins.

Types of Mutation

1. DNA Mutations

1a.Point Mutation

One DNA base pair is changed.

•The dog bit the car.•The dog bit the cat

1b.Frameshift mutation

One base pair is deleted or added.Delete: g

•The dob itt hec ar.Add:

•The doc gbi tth eca t.

Other types of Mutations

2.Chromosomal Mutations

2a.Deletion

• Part of a chromosome is left out.

2b.Insertion

• Part of a Chromatid breaks off and attaches to its Sister Chromatid.

• = duplication of gene

2c.TranslocationPart of one chromosome breaks off and is added to another chromosome.

2d.Inversion

• Part of a chromosome breaks out and is reinserted backwards.

A

B

C

D

E

F

A

D

C

B

E

F

3. Errors in Disjunction

• Whole Chromosomes or Sister Chromatids moving to wrong side of cell in Meiosis.

• = Nondisjunction

3a.Trisomy

• 3 sets of 1 Chromosome• 3 of #21 Chromosome = Down Syndrome

3b.Triploidy• 3 sets of all Chromosomes• Rare in animals, frequent in plants

3c.Monosomy• A single Chromosome• Turners Syndrome

Causes

• Rare events– Most Mutations are not noticed and provide

variation to a species.– Many are lethal and are not passed on.– Some are noticeable but survivable.– A few are beneficial.– They are fundamental to the evolution

(change) of a species over geologic time (tens of to millions of years).

Causes of Mutations

• Mistakes during DNA replication or Meiosis.

• Chemicals• Radiation

– Suns rays– Ground radiation– X-rays, other

Thanks to:

• http://www.musckids.com/health_library/genetics/happen.htm

• http://www.4p-supportgroup.org/primer.htm

• http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm• http://www.ntbest.org/PhotoGallery/photo2

004/PhotoGallery2004.htm• http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/G

G/mutation.html