Functional and emotional value of

art and Architecture

Functional and emotional value of

art and Architecture

Presented By: Richa rashmi

Anu mendirattaBansi sharma

Md.Zainul ahmedTafseer ahmed

Ramiz khan

Presented By: Richa rashmi

Anu mendirattaBansi sharma

Md.Zainul ahmedTafseer ahmed

Ramiz khan

archesarches

Functional value:- The arches reduced the lateral thrust on the foundation. In

gothic architecture it enabled the architects to lighten the walls and buttresses. It gave the final shape of the nave in terms of height and roof.

Emotional value:- Arches mostly were taken to be religious edifices. Arches gave

a certain height to the opening thus enhancing the aesthetic and decorative value of the building.

Functional value:- The arches reduced the lateral thrust on the foundation. In

gothic architecture it enabled the architects to lighten the walls and buttresses. It gave the final shape of the nave in terms of height and roof.

Emotional value:- Arches mostly were taken to be religious edifices. Arches gave

a certain height to the opening thus enhancing the aesthetic and decorative value of the building.

Islamic archesIslamic arches

Roman archesRoman arches

Rajasthani arch and gothic arch

Rajasthani arch and gothic arch

Neolithic ArchitectureNeolithic Architecture Also known as “Stone-Age” architecture

contains some of the oldest known structures made by mankind.

Neolithic Architects were great builders who used mainly mud-brick to construct houses and villages.

Houses were plastered and painted with ancient scenes of humans and animals.

Many of the more famous Neolithic structures were remarkably made by enormous stones.

Also known as “Stone-Age” architecture contains some of the oldest known structures made by mankind.

Neolithic Architects were great builders who used mainly mud-brick to construct houses and villages.

Houses were plastered and painted with ancient scenes of humans and animals.

Many of the more famous Neolithic structures were remarkably made by enormous stones.

StonehengeStonehenge

Egyptian ArchitectureEgyptian Architecture

Due to lack of wood most Egyptian architecture was made with mud-brick and stone.

Minerals included sandstone, limestone, and granite, which were generally used for tombs and temples.

Most ancient Egyptian towns have been lost because they were situated in the cultivated and flooded area of the Nile Valley.

Due to lack of wood most Egyptian architecture was made with mud-brick and stone.

Minerals included sandstone, limestone, and granite, which were generally used for tombs and temples.

Most ancient Egyptian towns have been lost because they were situated in the cultivated and flooded area of the Nile Valley.

Egyptian ArchitectureEgyptian Architecture

Temples and tombs have survived: Built on ground unaffected by the Nile flood Constructed of stone.

Egyptian architecture is based mainly on its religious monuments such as Pyramids.

All monumental buildings are post and lintel constructions, with flat roofs constructed of huge stone blocks supported by the external walls and the closely spaced columns.

Temples and tombs have survived: Built on ground unaffected by the Nile flood Constructed of stone.

Egyptian architecture is based mainly on its religious monuments such as Pyramids.

All monumental buildings are post and lintel constructions, with flat roofs constructed of huge stone blocks supported by the external walls and the closely spaced columns.

Temple of Ramesses IITemple of Ramesses II

Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture

Neoclassical style produced by the neoclassical movement during the 18th century.

Neoclassical, or "new" classical, architecture describes buildings that are inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.

Neoclassical style produced by the neoclassical movement during the 18th century.

Neoclassical, or "new" classical, architecture describes buildings that are inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.

Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture

A Neoclassical building is likely to have some (but not necessarily all) of these features: Symmetrical shape Tall columns that rise the full height of the

building Triangular Pediment Domed roof

Examples: U.S. Capitol Building, White House, Slave plantations

A Neoclassical building is likely to have some (but not necessarily all) of these features: Symmetrical shape Tall columns that rise the full height of the

building Triangular Pediment Domed roof

Examples: U.S. Capitol Building, White House, Slave plantations

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture Adopted from Greek classical architecture. Constructed new structural principles based

on the development of the arch and a new building material, concrete.

First to utilize two forms of roof design, the arch and vault.

Vault is an arched roof or ceiling (dome). Eliminated use for columns to support roofs. Columns used mainly for sculptural

decoration.

Adopted from Greek classical architecture. Constructed new structural principles based

on the development of the arch and a new building material, concrete.

First to utilize two forms of roof design, the arch and vault.

Vault is an arched roof or ceiling (dome). Eliminated use for columns to support roofs. Columns used mainly for sculptural

decoration.

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

Romans built more kinds of structures than any earlier civilization.

In addition to houses, temples, and palaces, Romans constructed aqueducts, public baths, shops, theaters, and outdoor arenas.

Romans built more kinds of structures than any earlier civilization.

In addition to houses, temples, and palaces, Romans constructed aqueducts, public baths, shops, theaters, and outdoor arenas.

ColosseumColosseum

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture

Mainly flourished in western Europe from the 1100’s to 1400’s.

New systems of construction allowed for architects to design churches with thinner walls and lighter piers.

Piers extended several stories high and into the roof area making individual columns like ribs on an open umbrella.

Ribbed vaults are most distinguishable characteristic of Gothic architecture.

Mainly flourished in western Europe from the 1100’s to 1400’s.

New systems of construction allowed for architects to design churches with thinner walls and lighter piers.

Piers extended several stories high and into the roof area making individual columns like ribs on an open umbrella.

Ribbed vaults are most distinguishable characteristic of Gothic architecture.

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture Other styles included pointed arches, stained-

glass windows, flying buttresses. Flying buttresses were brick or stone arched

supports built along outside walls. Emphasizes vertically and a skeletal stone

structure. Pointed arch was introduced for both visual

and structural reasons. Channels weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle.

Gothic cathedrals could be highly decorated with statues and paintings.

Other styles included pointed arches, stained-glass windows, flying buttresses.

Flying buttresses were brick or stone arched supports built along outside walls.

Emphasizes vertically and a skeletal stone structure.

Pointed arch was introduced for both visual and structural reasons. Channels weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle.

Gothic cathedrals could be highly decorated with statues and paintings.

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Beginning between the early 15th and the early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe.

The Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts

Orderly arrangement of arches, niches replaced the more complex proportional view of medieval buildings.

Renaissance buildings have a square, symmetrical, planned appearance.

Beginning between the early 15th and the early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe.

The Renaissance style places emphasis on symmetry, proportion, geometry and the regularity of parts

Orderly arrangement of arches, niches replaced the more complex proportional view of medieval buildings.

Renaissance buildings have a square, symmetrical, planned appearance.

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Facades (front of building) are symmetrical around their vertical axis.

The columns and windows show a progression towards the center.

Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a cornice.

Windows may be paired and set within a semi-circular arch.

Roofs are fitted with flat or coffered ceilings. They are not left open as in Medieval architecture. They are frequently painted or decorated.

Facades (front of building) are symmetrical around their vertical axis.

The columns and windows show a progression towards the center.

Domestic buildings are often surmounted by a cornice.

Windows may be paired and set within a semi-circular arch.

Roofs are fitted with flat or coffered ceilings. They are not left open as in Medieval architecture. They are frequently painted or decorated.

St. Peter’sSt. Peter’s

Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture Building styles with similar characteristics,

primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament.

Dominant architectural style, particularly for institutional and corporate building, for several decades in the 20th century.

Use materials such as iron, steel, concrete, and glass.

The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support.

Modern architecture seen in most skyscrapers.

Building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament.

Dominant architectural style, particularly for institutional and corporate building, for several decades in the 20th century.

Use materials such as iron, steel, concrete, and glass.

The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support.

Modern architecture seen in most skyscrapers.

Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture

Modern architecture is usually characterized by:▪ a rejection of historical styles as a source of

architectural form (historicism) an adoption of the principle that the

materials and functional requirements determine the result

an adoption of the machine aesthetic a rejection of ornament a simplification of form and elimination of

"unnecessary detail"

Modern architecture is usually characterized by:▪ a rejection of historical styles as a source of

architectural form (historicism) an adoption of the principle that the

materials and functional requirements determine the result

an adoption of the machine aesthetic a rejection of ornament a simplification of form and elimination of

"unnecessary detail"

Art Deco ArchitectureArt Deco Architecture Popular design movement from 1920 until 1939. Popular themes in art deco were trapezoidal,

zigzagged, geometric, and jumbled shapes, which can be seen in many early pieces.

materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, lacquer, etc.

Bold use of stepped forms, and sweeping curves, symmetry and repetition,.

Art Deco style celebrates the Machine Age through explicit use of man-made materials (particularly glass and stainless steel)

Popular design movement from 1920 until 1939. Popular themes in art deco were trapezoidal,

zigzagged, geometric, and jumbled shapes, which can be seen in many early pieces.

materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, lacquer, etc.

Bold use of stepped forms, and sweeping curves, symmetry and repetition,.

Art Deco style celebrates the Machine Age through explicit use of man-made materials (particularly glass and stainless steel)

Post-Modern ArchitecturePost-Modern Architecture

Began as American style whose first examples are generally cited as being from the 1960s

Diverse aesthetics, styles collide. Postmodernists feel buildings fail to

meet the human need for comfort both for body and for the eye.

Most post-modernists works are small buildings such as houses and stores.

BASICALLY, ANYTHING GOES!

Began as American style whose first examples are generally cited as being from the 1960s

Diverse aesthetics, styles collide. Postmodernists feel buildings fail to

meet the human need for comfort both for body and for the eye.

Most post-modernists works are small buildings such as houses and stores.

BASICALLY, ANYTHING GOES!

GatesIshtar gate and India gate

a comparison of ancient and modern arch

GatesIshtar gate and India gate

a comparison of ancient and modern arch

Rajasthani window andwestern window

Rajasthani window andwestern window

Capitals and coloumnsCapitals and coloumns

Taj mahalTaj mahal

Buland darwazaBuland darwaza

Char minarChar minar

Humayun’s tombHumayun’s tomb

Jantar mantarJantar mantar

Lotus templeLotus temple

Akshardham templeAkshardham temple

Cologne,germanyCologne,germany

Malaysian ionthingiesMalaysian ionthingies

Opera house,sydneyOpera house,sydney

Petronus tower,malaysiaPetronus tower,malaysia

Eiffel towerEiffel tower

Wilkinson residenceWilkinson residence

Empire state buildingEmpire state building

Daniel beskind studioDaniel beskind studio

Jama masjid,amuJama masjid,amu

University canteenUniversity canteen

Bab-e-syed,amuBab-e-syed,amu

Kennedy auditorium,amuKennedy auditorium,amu

Maulana azad library,amuMaulana azad library,amu

Victoria gate,amuVictoria gate,amu

Thank You…Thank You…