A P U S H - S P I C O N A R D I

RECONSTRUCTION

MAJOR QUESTIONS

• How should the South be rebuilt?• How should states that

seceded be reintegrated?• How should former slaves be

integrated into the reunified nation?

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LINCOLN’S PLAN

• Reconciliation and Reunion• Rebellious states could

return to the Union when • 10 percent of it voters took an

oath of loyalty• The state approved the

Thirteenth Amendment• Confederate States would reject

this plan

• Lincoln was willing to pardon all the but the highest-ranking military and civilian leaders of the Confederacy

WADE-DAVIS BILL

• Congress proposed a tougher plan, the Wade-Davis Bill• Confederate States could rejoin

the Union when• A majority of each state’s white

males pledged allegiance to the Union

• A new state government was formed by Southerners who had not taken arms against the Union

• Permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders

• Lincoln pocket vetoes the bill

LINCOLN ASSASSINATED

ANDREW JOHNSON

• President Johnson was a loyal Tennessee senator at the outbreak of the war• Fancied himself a “common

man”• Supported by farmers and

laborers• Hated southern aristocracy

• Offers his reconstruction plan, which is dubbed “Presidential Reconstruction” (1865 – 1867)

ANDREW JOHNSON

• Presidential Reconstruction• Pardoned nearly all white

southerners who took an oath of allegiance• Only Confederate leaders

and planters whose property had been valued at $20,000 or more were excluded• However, if they personally

asked for a presidential pardon, Johnson obliged

• Johnson appointed governors to oversee state conventions that were establishing new loyal state governments

RADICAL REPUBLICANS

Thaddeus Stevens

• Three Radical Republican Policies

Andrew Johnson

• Johnson’s Reaction to Radical Republican Policies

The whole fabric of southern society must be changed. Without this, this Government can never be, as it has never been, a true republic.

BLACK CODES

• Black Codes laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the rights of former slaves and continue white hegemony

• Examples:• Blacks could not testify against

whites in court• Blacks could not serve on juries• Blacks not allowed to vote• Blacks had to work on plantations• Black laborers who did not sign one

year contracts could be arrested and hired out to white landowners

* The Civil Rights Act of 1866 would bring an end to many black codes

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU

• Freedmen’s Bureau• Reconstruction

agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning

• Investigated abuses by the South towards blacks