Post on 13-Jan-2016
APUSH – Mr. Hesen
Jefferson’s Presidency and Jeffersonian Democracy
Jefferson as President
• Inaugural speech:– “We are all Republicans,
we are all Federalists”– Sought to bring
moderates into a Republican coalition
– Vowed to maintain Washington’s “non-entanglement” vision
Jefferson as President
• Economic Plans– Kept Hamilton’s plans– Wanted to heal the political
rift between parties– Maintained Bank of U.S.– Retained the tariff– Didn’t tamper with any major
Federalist programs
Jefferson as President• Changes:
– Pardoned many imprisoned under Sedition Act
– Congress enacted new naturalization laws – returned to five years
– Persuaded Congress to repeal excise taxes
– Substantially reduced the national debt
Jefferson as President
• 12th Amendment (1804)– Tied vote between
presidential candidates of the same party could no longer causes confusion
– Provisions: Electors had to specify that they were voting for one presidential candidate and one VP
John Marshall and the SCUS• Judiciary Act of 1801
– One of the last important laws passed by the outgoing Federalist administration
– Federalists created 16 new judgeships
– Adams appointed these judges on his last day (Midnight Judges)
– Jeffersonians charged the Federalists with packing the judicial branch
*******Marbury v. Madison (1803)– One of the most important SCUS decisions– “Midnight Judge” William Marbury sued for the delivery of his
commission– Being held up by the Sec. of State (James Madison)– TJ told Madison to hold the commission– Marshall dismissed the case – did not want to have showdown with
president
Judicial Review– Marshall ruled that
Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional
– Gave courts power to enforce the law – president is the only enforcer
– Marshall gave Supreme Court power to rule a law by Congress unconstitutional
Impeachment of Samuel ChaseJefferson Threatens the SCUS
– Jefferson enraged (again…) that SCUS was strengthened by judicial review
– Congressional Republicans wanted to oust Samuel Chase
– Could not get enough votes in Senate to move forward
– Henceforth no more attempts to reshape the SCUS – enforced separation of powers
Tripolitan War, 1801-05Attack on U.S. ships by pirates from North African states forces TJ’s hand
– Stephen Decatur led U.S. Navy on to Tripoli• First war outside of the
U.S.• Dey of Algiers • Strengthened navy –
development of the “Mosquito Fleet”
The Louisiana Purchase
• Napoleon (France) persuaded Spain to cede Louisiana region to France
• France had to sell territory to pay back revolution debts
The Louisiana Purchase• Louisiana Territory cost the U.S. $15 million…3 cents/acre• Jefferson reluctant to sign treaty
– President didn’t have power to negotiate land acquisitions– Westward looking Americans supported the treaty– Federalists did not approve
• Most important land acquisition in history– Doubled size of the U.S.– Mississippi River and Gulf of
Mexico– Paved way for westward
expansion– Accelerated the rise of U.S. as
economic power– Ended European expansion in
North America– Avoided war with France– Rise in nationalism
• Jefferson interested in water route to Pacific– Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark– Corps of Discovery– Trail extended from Missouri
River through Rocky Mountains– Aided by Sacajawea
(Shoshone) who worked as their translator and envoy
– Jefferson disappointed that route was not found
Essex Junto
Aaron Burr started problems– Pushed for New England secession– Essex Junto – small group of extremist Federalists who wanted to secede from
U.S.• Felt New England was being ignored by Republicans – hated Jefferson
– Hamilton exposed plot– Burr killed Hamilton in a duel (1804)
Burr Conspiracy
• More problems for Burr– 1806 – tried to persuade western Americans to secede from U.S. – Plot was uncovered and Burr arrested– Chief Justice Marshall dropped the case – two witnesses were never
found– Burr went into hiding and became a recluse
Yazoo Land Scandal
- Alleged illegal land transactions in Georgia– Jefferson’s cousin accused him of participating– Georgia wrongfully sold land and then turned it over to govt.– Jefferson and Madison tried to repay the landowners, but the
damage was done– Created strife in Republican party and weakened Jefferson
during second term
Embargo Act of 1807• Needed to punish British for impressment of U.S. sailors• May NOT export to any foreign destination• TJ thought that the Act would make France and Britain
respect U.S.• Enforced Congress’ powers to regulate commerce –
loose interpretation of Con.• Undermined states’ rights
Embargo of 1807
• Terrible failure to U.S. economy• New England was affected the most• U.S. exports:– 1807 - $108 million– 1808 - $22 million– More damaging that British and French threats– Illegal trade began to sprout all over the place
Embargo Act of 1807
• Congress repealed the Act in March 1809• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809– Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and
France– Remained U.S. policy until War of 1812
Reasons for Embargo Failure
• British didn’t need U.S. goods• Wasn’t enforced long enough• Worsened conflict between Britain and France• Undermined by smuggling and illegal acts• Inadvertently began the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.
– New England became self-sufficient– Textile factories grew all over the region
Jefferson’s Legacy• Total defeat of the Federalists
by Election of 1816• Expansion was TJ’s prime
goal!• Creation of a democratic,
non-aristocratic govt.• Kept the U.S. out a European
conflict