APES vocabulary Review

Includes student designed questions!

Microevolution

• Change in gene frequency within a population

Predation

• A form of symbiotic relationship between two organisms of unlike species in which one of them acts a predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves as the prey

Mutualism

• Symbiotic Relationship between individuals of different species in which both individuals benefit from the association

Parasitism

• The relationship between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (but not usually fatal damage)

Gene pool

• The total sum of all genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species.

Gene Drift

• When the genes of certain population are moved and mixed with other population’s genes

Habitat

• Place or type of place where an organism or population lives

• IN 2005, there were 2400 births in a city with a population of 262,000 people. Calculate the crude birth rate (CBR)

• (2400 births/ 262,000 total population) x1000=

• 9.2 is CBR (remember rates are always per 1000 except the population growth “rate” which is usually expressed as a percentage, or per 100)

• 118,110 total deaths during the years of 2006, 2007, and 2008 in Georgia. There was an estimated sum of 16,249, 622 people with all three years combined. Calculate the CDR (crude death rate)

• (118,110 deaths/ 16,249,622 people) x 1000• (1.2 x 105/ 1.6 x 107) x 1000=• (.75 x 105-7=-2) x 1.0 x 103= .75 x 101 = • 7.5 deaths per 1000 people

What is TFR? Would it be higher in developed or developing countries?

Remember Total Fertility Rate is the number of births a woman has over her lifetime

In developing countries more children mean more available labor for family income, someone to take care of parents as they get older, and there is no significant cost for education and upbringing

In developed countries, more children mean greater educational, child care, upbringing costs and children do not contribute to family income

• Does a woman’s location around the world affect her replacement birth rate? Why?

• Replacement fertility rate is when women have just one daughter to replace themselves…or a TFR of about 2.0

Blue = 0-2 childrenPurple = 7-8 children

• What are three major human habits that cause an individual’s ecological footprint to be higher than the average person’s ecological footprint? What can they do to lower it, and what about their location might have caused these bad habits to begin with?

• HA! This is a good made up question by a student…what would you say?

• Driving personal car and traveling long distances / eating processed foods/ not recycling/ using heating and air conditioning in buildings and cars/ not turning off water or lights or other electronics when not in use

sustainability

• What term means to develop products in a manner which would lead to indefinite usage of the environment?

Water Rights

• This pertains to how the public and municipalities must go about getting water. It establishes protocols for people to access water.

EPA

• This government agency manages the environment. It is established by NEPA. It also requires EIS for development.

NGO

• Wildlife Fund• Separate entities from the government

Cap and Trade

• Deals with pollution• Limits the amounts of emissions• Retains companies to trade or purchase

permits if they go over the limit in emissions

Green Taxes

• Taxes that help the environment• Provide funding to environmental programs• Discourage un-environmentally friendly

behavior• Pay to throw can be put in this category

Globalization

• This is why environmental ideas have become global ideas. Protocols and summits have been formed to debate these issues.

Kyoto Protocol

• This established quotas for Carbon dioxide emissions

Old-growth forest

• What type of forest has all climax vegetation?

Second growth forest

• What type of forest has vegetation from after a natural disaster like a forest fire?

Clear-cutting

• What type of deforestation is defined as cutting down all the trees in an area?

Selective cutting

• What type of deforestation is defined as cutting down only the mature trees in a forest?

Shelter-wood cutting

• What type of deforestation is defined as cutting down all the trees at a certain level?

agroforestry

• Practice where crops are grown together

Surface?

• Which type of fires only burn in the undergrowth of forests?

Cost benefit analysis

• What is the tool used to decide whether certain environmental policies are worth the cost?

Marginal costs and benefits

• What is the benefit gained by producing one more product?

Hadley Cells

• Circulation cells 10-14 kilometers above the surface of the Earth located around the equator.

Monsoon

• What is the seasonal reversing wind, accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation?

Typhoon

• This tropical cyclone is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean

Watershed

• Area of land where water that is drained off or under the land, and the water goes to the same place

Delta

• Formed landform at the mouth of an estuary, accomplished with settling freshwater silt