Due Friday! Chap 1 Short Answer Reading #2: Hammurabi Middle East Map Quiz Chap 2 Vocab. Quiz

Chapter 2New Civilizations in

the Eastern and Western

Hemispheres2200-250 B.C.E.

Unit 1: Chapter 2

Section 1:Early China

A.Geography & Resources

B. Shang DynastyC. Zhou DynastyD.Philosophies

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

A. Geography and Resources

1. China is divided into 2 geographical regions:a. North, Yellow River Valley, dry and

coldb. South, Yangzi Valley, warm with lots

of rain

2. Natural Resourcesc. Timber, stone, Metals

3. Agriculturea. Millet (north) & Rice (south)b. Agriculture required lots of people to

be successful

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

B. Shang Period From 1750 – 1027 B.C.E. Origins in the Yellow River Valley

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

1. Dynastya. Direct rule & indirect rule over

peripheral areas.b. Extended control by military conquestc. Engaged in trade possibly with

Mesopotamia.2. Religion

a.Kings worship spirits of male ancestors.b.Presented themselves as intermediaries between gods and human world.

3. Techonology1. Bronze: weapons & ceremonials

vessels2. Horse-drawn chariot & water buffalo3. Civil engineering projects

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

4. Chinese Writing Systema. Chinese characters developed during

Shang period.b. Chinese writing system today is

directly related to the Shang system. (oldest language still alive)

c. Chief written remains of Shang Dynasty are oracle bones used in divination.

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

C. Zhou PeriodBackground From 1027 – 221 B.C.E. A dependent state of the Shang

that rebelled Defeated Shang in the eleventh

century B.C.E. Invented concept of “Mandate of

Heaven” Longest lasting Chinese Dynasty

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

1. Religion and Governmenta. Priest’s power fadedb. This resulted in the separation of

religion and governmentc. Zhou period saw development of

many different and important secular philosophies.

2. Western Zhou (11t h – 9th Century B.C.E.)a. Direct control over core territoryb. Indirect control over peripheral

areas

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

3. Eastern Zhou Perioda. Decline of the central governmentb. Regional governors ruled semi-

independent statesc. Eastern Zhou period divided further

1. Spring and Autumn Period (771-481 B.C.E.)

2. Warring States Period (480-221 B.C.E.)

d. Technology1. Walls for defense, Iron & Steel, Horse

riding

e. Culture4.Developed 3 generation family (grandparent, parent, child)

5.Men - Private property, ancestral offerings, controlled family, 1 wife but many concubines

6.Women -subordinate to men

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

D. Philosophies1. Legalism

A. Assumes that human nature is essentially wicked and selfish.

B. People will only behave if they are ruled by strict laws and harsh punishments.

C. Functioned as the ideological basis of various independent states as they expanded.

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

2. Confucianisma. Founded by Confuciusb. Assumes that human nature is

essentially goodc. Respect of family extends to

respect of the stated. Concerned with establishing moral

foundations of government

3. Daoisma. Founded by Laozi.b. Follow the Dao - the pathc. There are no absolute moral

standardsd. People should take the world as they

find it

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

4. Yin & Yanga.A natural balanceb.Male – sun, active, bright, shiningc.Female – moon, passive, shaded,

reflectived.Confucius - male superior to the

female

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 1

Section 2:Nubia

3100 BCE– 350 CE

A. Geography & Resources

B. Nubian CivilizationC. Kingdom of KushD. Kingdom of Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

A. Geography and Resources

1. Located along the Upper or Southern Nile

2. Natural Resourcesa. Gold, semi-precious stones, copper

3. Trade Linka. Between Sub-Saharan Africa & North

Africa

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

1. Egyptian influence in Old Kingdoma. Mutual need for resources by peaceful

tradingb. Language, religion, writing, culture

2. Overthrown by Egyptians in Middle Kingdoma. Egypt no longer wanted to trade, invaded Kushb. Children taken to Egypt to become cultured

3. Overthrown by Assyrians1. Nubia allied with Palestinians to

defeat Assyrians2. Assyrians attack Egypt and push into

Nubia3. Govt forced to move south to Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

B. Nubian Civilization

1. Southern Nubia 1750 BCE2. Strength was in metal working3. Egypt invaded and took POW and

children

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

C. Kingdom of Kush

1. Ruled Egypt 800 BCE – 350 CE2. First capital at Napata then moved

to Meroe3. Matrilineal family system4. Queens were very influential

(Cleopatra)5. Dominated trade routes and iron6. Decline due to shifting trade

routes

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 2

D. Kingdom of Meroë

Section 3:The Americas

1200 - 250 BCE

A. OlmecsB. Nubian CivilizationC. Kingdom of KushD. Kingdom of Meroe

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

Map of Olmec Territory

A. Olmecs: 1200 - 400 BCE

1. Located along coast of present day Mexico

2. Most influential Mesoamerican preclassical civilization

3. Governmenta. Independent City/States ruled by a

kingb. Similarities: political and

social/culturalc. ^ in Agriculture led to an ^ in

populationd. Gave rise to a strong king/prieste. Result – large scale labor to build

rel/pol buildings

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

4. Capitala. San Lorenzo > La Venta > Tres

Zapotes5. Technology

a. Raised fields, only simple tools, writing, astronomy, calendar, ball games, Stone Heads

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

B. Chavin: 900-250 BCE

1. Located along west coast South America

2. Sat on crossroads of trade b/t coast and Andes Mountains

3. Strong military and religion4. Rotating labor system to build

roads & bridges5. 1 domesticated animal – llama6. Regional wars disrupted trade,

economic collapse, results in govt. dissolving

Unit 1: Chapter 2: Section 3

Chavín Art