AP® United States History ExamSECTIONI:Multiple-ChoiceQuestions

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Instructions

SectionIofthisexamcontains80multiple-choicequestions.Fillinonlytheovalsfornumbers1through80onyouranswersheet.

Indicateallofyouranswerstothemultiple-choicequestionsontheanswersheet.Nocreditwillbegivenforanythingwritteninthisexambooklet,butyoumayusethebookletfornotesorscratchwork.Afteryouhavedecidedwhichofthesuggestedanswersisbest,completelyfillinthecorrespondingovalontheanswersheet.Giveonlyoneanswertoeachquestion.Ifyouchangeananswer,besurethatthepreviousmarkiserasedcompletely.Hereisasamplequestionandanswer.

Sample Question Sample Answer

ThefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStateswas A B C D E(A) Millard Fillmore (B)GeorgeWashington(C)BenjaminFranklin(D) Andrew Jackson (E)HarryTruman

Useyourtimeeffectively,workingasrapidlyasyoucanwithoutlosingaccuracy.Donotspendtoomuchtimeonanyonequestion.Goontootherquestionsandcomebacktotheonesyouhavenotansweredifyouhavetime.Itisnotexpectedthateveryonewillknowtheanswerstoallofthemultiple-choicequestions.

About Guessing

Manycandidateswonderwhetherornottoguesstheanswerstoquestionsaboutwhichtheyarenotcertain.Multiple-choicescoresarebasedonthenumberofquestions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers, and no pointsareawardedforunansweredquestions.Becausepointsarenotdeductedforincorrectanswers,youareencouragedtoanswerallmultiple-choicequestions.Onany questions you do not know the answer to, you should eliminate as many choices asyoucan,andthenselectthebestansweramongtheremainingchoices.

Total Time55 minutesNumber of Questions80Percent of Total Grade50%Writing InstrumentPencil required

At a Glance

The Exam

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UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN I

Time—55 minutes

Directions:Eachofthequestionsorincompletestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfivesuggestedanswersorcompletions.Selecttheonethatisbestineachcaseandthenblackenthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.

1. Duringtheseventeenthcentury,colonists’dailylifewasinfluencedthemostby

(A) theBaptistsintheCarolinas(B) thePuritansinMassachusetts(C) theBaptistsinRhodeIsland(D) theAnglicansinVirginia(E) the Catholics in Maryland

2. The“warhawks”intheperiodleadinguptotheWarof1812garneredmostoftheirsupportfrom

(A) NewEngland(B) urbanareas(C) theSouthandWest(D) theNorthwestTerritories(E) the Middle Atlantic states

3. Whichofthefollowingreformersfoughtfortherightsofthementallyill?

(A) RalphWaldoEmerson(B) HoraceMann(C) DorotheaDix(D) Lucretia Mott(E) HelenHuntJackson

4. The map above illustrates

(A) the Missouri Compromise(B) theMilitaryReconstructionActs(C) theWade-DavisBill(D) theCompromiseof1850(E) theMexicanCession

5. JacobA.Riiswasafamous“muckraker”whowroteabout

(A) governmentcorruption(B) thepowerfulunionsofthenineteenthcentury(C) the misery of tenement life(D) thecivilrightsmovement(E) globalwarming

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6. Allofthefollowingoccurredduringthe1920s,EXCEPT

(A) abullmarketonWallStreet(B) thepassageoftheInterstateHighwayAct(C) a rise in consumerism(D) Prohibition(E) theHarlemRenaissance

7. Whichbookwasamajorimpetusinthegrowthofthewomen’smovementinthe1960s?

(A) BettyFriedan’sThe Feminine Mystique(B) RachelCarson’sSilent Spring(C) PearlS.Buck’sThe Good Earth(D) LorraineHansbury’sA Raisin in the Sun(E) HarrietBeecherStowe’sUncle Tom’s Cabin

8. AllofthefollowingactsofPresidentRonaldRea-gan’sadministrationarecharacterizedasareturntoconservativepoliticalvaluesEXCEPT

(A) cutsinthefederalbudget(B) theappointmentofSandraDayO’Connorto

the Supreme Court(C) taxcutsforcorporations(D) thelooseningofgovernmentregulation(E) supply-sideeconomics

9. OnewaythattheleadersoftheMassachusettsBayColonyencouragedtheyoungergenerationtojointhechurchwasbywriting

(A) TheMayflowerCompact(B) TheFundamentalOrders(C) TheHalfwayCovenant(D) TheCambridgeAgreement(E) The Fundamental Constitution

10. InhisFarewellAddressGeorgeWashingtonwarnedagainst

(A) deficitspendingbythegovernment(B) foreignentanglementsandtheformationof

political parties(C) excessiveuseofexecutivepower(D) protestsbyWesternfarmersoverexcisetaxes(E) governmentrelianceonexcisetaxes

“IfIcouldsavetheUnionbyfreeingalltheslaves,Iwoulddoit….WhatIdoaboutslavery,andthecoloredrace,IdobecauseIbelieveithelpstosavetheUnion.”

11. Theabovestatementwasmadebywhichofthefol-lowingpeople?

(A) HoraceGreeley(B) AbrahamLincoln(C) StephenDouglas(D) JamesBuchanan(E) UlyssesS.Grant

12. WhenAbrahamLincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamation,

(A) itaddedamoraldimensiontotheCivilWar,which became a war to end slavery rather thanawartopreservetheUnion

(B) hebecameknownasthe“GreatEmancipator”(C) theSouthwasdemoralizedbecauseithadlost

asignificantportionofitsmanpower(D) BritishliberalspersuadedParliamenttoenter

the war on the side of the South because EnglandwasdependentonSoutherncotton

(E) slavery was abolished in all states within the Confederacy

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17. WhichofthefollowingwasaresultoftheAlbanyCongress?

(A) ThecoloniesbegantouniteandtakeactionagainsttheBritish.

(B) TheIroquoisNationsignedapeaceagreementwith the colonies.

(C) BenjaminFranklinconvincedtheHuronandIroquoistribestosettletheirdifferences.

(D) TheIroquoisremainedneutralandthecolonists rejected Franklin’s plan for unity.

(E) BenjaminFranklinwasabletoconvincethecolonistsandtheBritishofhisplanforauniteddefenseagainstFrance.

18. Allofthefollowingareassociatedwithloosecon-structionismduringtheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaEXCEPT

(A) the Federalists(B) Hamilton’sBank(C) the“ElasticClause”(D) restrictionsonfederallegislativepowers(E) federalgovernmentassumptionofstatedebts

19. Allofthefollowingwereprominentanti-slaveryleaders,EXCEPT

(A) NatTurner(B) JohnBrown(C) WilliamLloydGarrison(D) Sojourner Truth(E) PrestonBrooks

20. WhenLincolnwaselectedpresidentin1860,the immediate effect was the

(A) secession of South Carolina(B) celebrationofanti-abolitionistsinNorthern

cities(C) congressionalcensureofseveralNorthern

senators(D) issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation(E) demand for a national draft policy

13. Whatbestaccountsforthesharpincreaseofimmi-grantsduringtheperiod1880–1910?

(A) Many southern and eastern Europeans turned toAmericaforfinancialgainandpoliticalfreedom.

(B) Irishfarmerswereforcedtoleavetheirhomesduetoagriculturaldisasters.

(C) Germanswereseekingwaystoavoidmilitaryconscription.

(D) TheUnitedStateswelcomedimmigrantsbyprovidinghousingandemployment.

(E) Missionarysocietiesencouragedimmigrationfrom all over the world.

14. TheWagnerActdealtwiththerightsof

(A) farmers(B) veterans(C) labor unions(D) the homeless(E) bankers

15. Allofthefollowingoccurredin1968EXCEPT

(A) TheTetOffensive(B) theassassinationofMartinLutherKing(C) the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy(D) TheGulfofTonkinResolution(E) riotsattheDemocraticNationalConventionin

Chicago

16. ThetwopoliticalissuesthatmostconcernedtheCountercultureMovementofthe1960swere

(A) U.S.involvementinVietnamandflagburning(B) thecivilrightsmovementandcensorship(C) U.S.involvementinVietnamandthecivil

rightsmovement(D) Separation of church and state and honesty in

government(E) censorship and the draft

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25. The cartoon above served as

(A) BenFranklin’sexhortationtothecoloniestouniteagainstBritishauthority

(B) BenFranklin’sexhortationtothecoloniestouniteagainsttheFrench

(C) theCommitteeofCorrespondence’swarningofimpendingattackagainstthecolonies

(D) thesloganoftheSonsofLibertyaftertheBostonTeaParty

(E) ThomasPaine’swarningagainstpoliticalrepression

26. TheBattleofSaratogaprovedtobeasignificantturningpointintheRevolutionaryWarbecauseit

(A) was a major defeat for the rebel forces and motivatedBenjaminFranklintogotoEnglandtonegotiatewiththeBritish

(B) demonstratedtoFrancethattheAmericansmightwinthewarandsubsequentlyledtotheFranco-AmericanAllianceof1778

(C) demonstratedthesuperiorityofBritishnavalpower,thusconvincingtheAmericanstoaltertheirstrategy

(D) exposedtheweaknessofAmericanmilitaryleadershipandpavedthewayforGeneralGeorgeWashingtontoassumecommandofthe Continental Army

(E) meantthatEnglandwouldrenounceallfutureclaimstoFrenchterritoryinNorthAmerica

21. UptonSinclair’sThe Jungleinfluencedthecountryandultimatelyledtothepassageof

(A) The Clayton Antitrust Act(B) TheHepburnAct(C) The Sherman Antitrust Act(D) ThePureFoodandDrugAct(E) The Forest Reserve Act

22. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath portrays the dismalplightof

(A) poorimmigrants(B) escapedslaves(C) factoryworkersduringtheGreatDepression(D) farmersduringtheDustBowl(E) CivilWarsoldiers

23. TheG.I.BillprovidedWorldWarIIveteranswith

(A) freehousingandmedicalcare(B) studentloansforeducation(C) free education and loans to buy homes, farms,

and small businesses(D) aguaranteedjobwithintheU.S.government(E) low-costeducationinreturnfortwomore

years of service in the armed forces

24. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWatergateis true?

(A) Itwasthefirsttimeapresidenthadbeeninvolvedinascandalwhileinoffice.

(B) ItwasoflittleinteresttotheAmericanpeople.(C) ItledtotheresignationofPresidentNixon.(D) ItledtotheimpeachmentofPresidentNixon.(E) ItbolsteredthepopularityoftheRepublican

Party.

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31. EachofthefollowingactivelysoughttoexposecommunistsympathizerswithintheUnitedStatesafterWorldWarII,EXCEPT

(A) RichardNixon(B) AlgerHiss(C) WhittakerChambers(D) Joseph McCarthy(E) Roy Cohn

32. Inhis1985StateoftheUnionAddress,RonaldReaganarticulatedhisforeignpolicygoalsinwhathascometobeknownastheReaganDoctrine.LikeTruman,Reaganpledgedto

(A) supportanti-communistresistancemovements,particularlyintheThirdWorld

(B) sponsorcovertmilitaryoperationstooverthrowcommunistregimesinEasternEurope

(C) easetensionsbetweentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates

(D) brokerapeaceagreementbetweenthePalestiniansandtheIsraelis

(E) defendhumanrightsintheWesternHemisphere

33. WhichofthefollowingdidNOTcontributetotheemergenceoftheNewRightofthe1970sand1980s?

(A) The moral majority movement(B) ThepopularityofRonaldReagan(C) The“stagflation”economicconditionofthe

1970s(D) Religiousrevivalism(E) The drop in the stock market

27. President James K. Polk is most closely associated with

(A) Manifest Destiny(B) theabolitionistmovement(C) economic development(D) theWhigParty(E) women’ssuffrage

28. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultof Reconstruction?

(A) AnincreaseinmembershipintheKuKluxKlan

(B) ThepassageofthreeConstitutionalAmendments

(C) The election of black senators and representatives

(D) Theemergenceoftwodistinctfactionswithinthe Republican Party

(E) Governmentgrantsof40acresandamuletoeach freedman

29. W.E.B.DuBoiswasanimportantleaderof

(A) theNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP)

(B) thefeministmovement(C) the Department of Commerce and Labor(D) theKuKluxKlan(E) theStudentNonviolenceCoordinating

Committee

30. AllofthefollowingincreasedgovernmentpowerduringWorldWarIEXCEPTthe

(A) WarIndustriesBoard(B) CreelCommittee(C) Food Administration(D) EspionageAct(E) Dawes Plan

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34. ThemostnotableachievementoftheUnitedStatesunder the Articles of Confederation was

(A) thecreationofastrongexecutiveofficetoleadthenationalgovernment

(B) theempowermentofCongresstoregulatecommerce

(C) theempowermentofCongresstocollecttaxes(D) theprovisionforlandsalesintheNorthwest

thatwouldbenefittheentirenation(E) the establishment of simple majority rule in the

legislaturetoestablishnationalpolicy

35. Allofthefollowingsparkedsupportfortheaboli-tionistmovementEXCEPT

(A) JohnBrown’sraid(B) The Liberator(C) theFugitiveSlaveAct(D) theWilmotProviso(E) the Conscription Act

36. WhichofthefollowingAmericanarchitectsiscon-sidered by many to be the father of the modern sky-scraper,thuschangingthefaceofcitieslikeChicagoin the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

(A) HenryHobsonRichardson(B) StanfordWhite(C) LouisH.Sullivan(D) Louis Kahn(E) FrankLloydWright

37. Whichofthefollowingactswasthemostbeneficialto labor?

(A) The Clayton Antitrust Act(B) TheShermanAntitrustAct(C) The Elkins Act(D) TheHepburnAct(E) TheMann-ElkinsAct

38. AllofthefollowingoccurredduringFranklin Roosevelt’sFirstHundredDaysEXCEPT

(A) theNationalBankHoliday(B) passageoftheGlass-SteagallAct(C) passageoftheNationalIndustrialRecovery

Act(D) passageoftheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct(E) passageoftheSocialSecurityAct

39. WhichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribestheTaft-HartleyActof1947?

(A) Itencouragedtheuseofunionstrikesaslongas they remained peaceful.

(B) Itoutlawedtheuseofinjunctions.(C) President Truman vetoed it.(D) Itbannedtheuseof“yellowdogcontracts.”(E) Itrequiredpoliticalcontributionsfromlabor

unionstobesubjecttofederaltaxes.

40. AllofthefollowingwereanoutgrowthoftheColdWarEXCEPT

(A) our entry into the space race(B) anupgradeoftheAmericanpubliceducational

system,includingtheintroductionoftheAPprogram

(C) thebuildingofbombshelters(D) the establishment of the Peace Corps(E) theestablishmentoftheOfficeofEconomic

Opportunity

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41. DuringtheRevolutionaryWar,theLoyalists

(A) were few in number and had little, if any, significance

(B) madeupapproximately20-30percentofthepopulation

(C) were mostly former indentured servants who feltobligatedtotheCrown

(D) weremostlyfromtheroyalcolonyofVirginiaand felt loyal to the Crown

(E) hadtheirlargestfollowinginNewEngland,wherethebenefitsofthemercantilistsystemwere most visible

42. The success of the Constitutional Convention of 1787hingedoncompromisesover

(A) slaveryandrepresentationinCongress(B) taxationandtermlimits(C) thenumberofbranchesofgovernmenttobe

formed (D) votingrightsforwomen(E) universalmanhoodsuffrage

43. WhichofthefollowingwasLEASTinfluentialinbringingaboutAndrewJackson’svictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1828?

(A) SupportforJacksonamonglessprosperousvoters

(B) Jackson’spromisetobringnewpeopleintothegovernment

(C) Jackson’sdefenseofNativeAmericanpropertyrights

(D) Jackson’s promise to reform the electoral system

(E) The reputation Jackson earned as a war hero as aresultoftheBattleofNewOrleans

44. AllofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheWade-DavisBillaretrueEXCEPT

(A) Lincoln used his pocket veto to defeat it(B) thebillrequiredamajorityofthepopulationof

the former Confederate states to take an oath ofallegiance

(C) thebillstipulatedthatCongresswouldadministertheReconstructionprogram

(D) the bill abolished slavery(E) thebillprovidedforfinancialcompensationto

former slaves

45. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal can best be described as

(A) conservation,trust-busting,consumerprotection

(B) protectivetariffs,centralizedbanking,conservation

(C) equalopportunity,women’ssuffrage,laissez-faire economics

(D) laissez-faireeconomics,supportoflaborunions, conservation

(E) governmentownershipofbusiness,conservation, naval preparedness

46. AllofthefollowingwerecausesoftheGreatDe-pressionEXCEPT

(A) aweakforeigntrade(B) anoverextensionofcredit(C) agriculturaloverproduction(D) the establishment of public works projects(E) an unequal distribution of wealth

47. The1947grantof$400milliondollarsinaidtoGreeceandTurkeywasinaccordancewithwhichofthefollowingU.S.policies?

(A) Eisenhower Doctrine(B) MonroeDoctrine(C) Truman Doctrine(D) Roosevelt Corollary(E) GoodNeighborPolicy

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48. WhichcivilrightsorganizationwasledbyMartinLutherKingJr.andpracticedcivildisobediencetoachieveitsgoals?

(A) TheStudentNonviolentCoordinatingCommittee

(B) TheBlackPanthers(C) TheCongressofRacialEquality(D) TheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancement

of Colored People(E) The Southern Christian Leadership Conference

49. DuringtheperiodprecedingtheRevolutionaryWar,theBritishactprovokingthemostoutrageamongthe colonists was

(A) parliament’sdefenseof“virtualrepresentation”

(B) themonopolygiventotheBritishEastIndiaCompany

(C) thepassageoftheBostonPortAct(D) thepassageoftheMolassesAct(E) thepassageoftheQuebecAct

50. In1775theSecondContinentalCongress

(A) decidedtocutalltieswithBritain(B) votedtoworkoutaplanforself-rule(C) adoptedtheOliveBranchPetition,declaring

colonial loyalty to the Crown(D) begantodrafttheArticlesofConfederation(E) revised the colonial plan for military

preparedness

51. AllofthefollowingSupremeCourtdecisionsdur-ingJohnMarshall’stenureasSupremeCourtJusticestrengthenedthefederalgovernmentEXCEPT

(A) Fletcher v. Peck(B) Gibbons v. Ogden(C) Marbury v. Madison(D) McCulloch v. Maryland(E) Dred Scott v. Sandford

52. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaresultoftheCompromiseof1877?

(A) RutherfordB.Hayesbecamepresident.(B) TheremainingConfederatestateswere

readmittedtotheUnion.(C) Military Reconstruction ended.(D) TheDemocratstookbacktheHouseandthe

Senate.(E) Federal provisions for a Southern

transcontinental railroad were made.

53. Roosevelt’sBigStickPolicyinLatinAmericawasbestcharacterizedbyhis

(A) repudiation of the Monroe Doctrine(B) beliefthatEuropeannationshadtheright

to protect their economic interests in any remainingcoloniesthroughouttheregion

(C) recognitionofthesovereigntyofnewly-independentnationsintheWesternHemisphere

(D) beliefthattheUnitedStateshadanobligationtoprotectsecurityandstabilitybyassumingthe role of an international police force throughouttheWesternHemisphere

(E) supportofhighprotectivetariffstopromoteAmericaneconomicintereststhroughouttheregion

54. IntheSchecter Poultry Corp. v. U.S.caseof1935,whichofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealmeasurescame under attack?

(A) TheNationalLaborRelationsBoard(B) TheJudicialReorganizationbill(C) TheNationalRecoveryAct(D) TheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct(E) The Federal Farm Loan Act

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55. Duringthe1950s,manyblackandwhiteactivistsfoughtagainstthepersistenceofJimCrowlawsthroughouttheSouthbyallofthefollowing methodsEXCEPT

(A) bringinglawsuitsinfederalcourts(B) usingviolencetointimidatelocalpoliticians(C) boycottinglocalbusinessesthatsupported

segregation(D) stagingsit-insinsegregatedpublicplacesand

facilities(E) forgingacoalitionbetweenSouthernblack

churchesandcivilrightsadvocates

56. Duringthe1980s,PresidentRonaldReagan

(A) signedthewelfarereformbill(B) persuadedAnwarSadatandMenachemBegin

tosigntheCampDavidAccords(C) senttroopstofightinthePersianGulfWar(D) cuttaxesandsocialservices(E) increasedtaxes

57. WhichofthefollowingeventsrepresentedthemostsignificantactiononthepartofthecolonistsagainstBritishauthority?

(A) Bacon’sRebellion(B) TheWhiskeyRebellion(C) TheAlbanyCongress(D) Pontiac’s Rebellion (E) TheStampActCongress

58. WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningtheFederalist Papers is true?

(A) Jefferson,Madison,andHamiltondraftedthem.

(B) TheycontainedessaysthatbothdefendedandcriticizedtheConstitution.

(C) TheywerewrittenaspropagandatosupporttheratificationoftheConstitution.

(D) TheywerebannedintheNewYorknewspapers.

(E) TheyoutlinedthedangersofRepublicanismina new nation.

59. TheForceActof1832waspassedinresponseto

(A) theIndianRemovalAct(B) theTariff/Nullificationcrisis(C) theelectionofPresidentMartinVanBuren(D) Clay’s American System(E) theBankRecharterBill

60. TheNiagaraMovementresultedin

(A) theformationoftheNAACP(B) theemergenceoftheNationalUrbanLeague(C) thedevelopmentofagriculturalcolleges,such

astheTuskegeeInstitute(D) the repeal of the black codes(E) theestablishmentoftheFreedmen’sBureau

61. Allofthefollowingaretrueconcerningthewom-en’ssuffragemovementEXCEPT

(A) itbenefitedfromthesupportoftheProgressivesoftheearly1900s

(B) itremainedraciallysegregatedduringthelatter part of the nineteenth century

(C) itwasviewedasradicalduringmuchofitsexistence

(D) someofitsearlyleaderswerefirstactiveintheAbolitionist movement

(E) itfirstmetsuccessintheNewEnglandstates

62. DuringthetimeofWoodrowWilson’spresidency,theIrreconcilablesandtheReservationistshadstrongfeelingsconcerning

(A) the Treaty of Versailles(B) Wilson’sFourteenPoints(C) Article231(D) theSeditionActof1918(E) the Mandate System

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63. WhichofthefollowingColdWarmeasuresmetwiththemostresistanceinCongress?

(A) U.S.entryintotheKoreanWar(B) U.S.entryintoNATO(C) TheBerlinAirlift(D) The Truman Doctrine(E) TheMcCarranInternalSecurityBill

64. The most important factor in the defeat of Demo-craticpresidentialcandidatesintheelectionsof1952and1968was

(A) theDemocrats’plantoreorganizetheSupremeCourt

(B) theAmericanpublic’sdesiretoavoidconflictand return to a more conservative political and social life

(C) theDemocraticPartyplatformpledgetoincreasetaxesinordertopayoffthenationaldebt

(D) the Democratic candidates’ controversial positionsoncivilrightslegislation

(E) the Democratic Party’s unequivocal support of theEqualRightsAmendment

65. Allofthefollowingweremanifestationsofmercan-tilist theory EXCEPT

(A) thetriangulartrade(B) theNavigationActs(C) Admiralty Courts(D) virtual representation(E) the plantation economy

66. ThechiefgoaloftheAlienandSeditionActswasto

(A) suppressimmigration(B) limitthepowerofthepress(C) checkthepoweroftheDemocratic-Republicans(D) upholdtherightsguaranteedbytheFirst

Amendment(E) introducethetheoryofnullificationandstates’

rights

67. WhichofthefollowingstatementsrelatedtotheLowellSystemisNOTtrue?

(A) InLowell,farmgirlswerehiredtoworkinthefactories.

(B) Lowellwasacompanytowndevelopedtoprovide supervision of, and education for, its factory workers.

(C) TheLowellSystemincludedsomeofthefirstfullyintegratedfactories—theytransformedrawmaterialsintoafinishedproduct.

(D) The Lowell System provided an easy way for womentobecomefinanciallyindependent.

(E) The Lowell System developed as a result of the UnitedStates’burgeoningtextileindustry.

68. Whichofthefollowingismostcloselyassociatedwith the Populist movement?

(A) Support of labor unions(B) The“frontporch”campaignofWilliam

McKinley(C) Freecoinageofsilver(D) Private ownership of railroads and utilities(E) Protective tariffs

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69. WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheAmerican Federation of Labor is true?

(A) Itexcludedunskilledworkers.(B) Itsbeliefswerebasedontheutopianideasof

earlier reformers.(C) Itdidnotbelievestrikingwasausefultactic.(D) Itsgreatestappealwastonewimmigrants,

many of whom were unskilled.(E) Itpublishedanti-capitalismpamphlets.

70. Thesupply-sideeconomictheoryofTreasurySecre-tary Andrew Mellon most probably inspired the

(A) trickle-downeconomictheorysupportedbyRonaldReagan

(B) deficit-spendingeconomictheoryofJohnM.Keynes

(C) Glass-SteagallBankingReformAct(D) Keating-OwenAct(E) Federal Trade Commission Act

71. AllofthefollowingwerepartofJohnson’sGreatSocietyprogramEXCEPT

(A) theCivilRightsActof1964(B) MedicareandMedicaid(C) the establishment of the Department of

HousingandUrbanDevelopment(D) thebalancedbudgetmandate(E) theEconomicOpportunityAct

72. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaprovisionoftheLandOrdinanceof1785ortheNorthwestOrdi-nanceof1787?

(A) Each territory could apply for statehood once it had60,000inhabitants.

(B) SlaverywasoutlawedintheNorthwestTerritory.

(C) OnceanewstatewasadmittedtotheUnion,itwasgrantedalltheprivilegesofexistingstates.

(D) Thenationalgovernmentwouldmakeprovisions for public education for all new states.

(E) Land sales in admitted territories would be protected from speculators.

73. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTrepresenttheviewsofPrimeMinisterGrenvilleaftertheSevenYears’War?

(A) HefeltthattheCrownneededtocontroltradeand raise revenue.

(B) Hefeltthatthecolonistsshouldhelppaythedebt incurred by the war.

(C) HefeltthatParliamenthadtherighttoincreasetaxesonthecolonies.

(D) HefeltthattheBritishhadtoexerttightercontrol over the colonies.

(E) Hewantedtorewardthecoloniesthroughhisextensionofsalutaryneglect.

74. Theelectionof1800ishistoricallyandpoliticallysignificantbecauseit

(A) marked the death of the Federalist party(B) demonstratedthatourFoundingFatherswere

correct in their suspicions about factions(C) demonstratedthesignificanceoftheElectoral

College(D) usheredintheEraofGoodFeelings(E) demonstrated that political parties could, in

fact,bringaboutapeacefulrevolutioninarepublicanformofgovernment

75. In1798PresidentJohnAdamsdeliveredthefollow-ingmessagetoCongress:

“I will never send another minister to France without assurances that he will be received, respected, and honored as the representative of a great, free, powerful, and independent nation.”

Whateventinspiredthiscomment?

(A) TheCitizenGenêtAffair(B) TheXYZAffair(C) Jay’s Treaty(D) TheHartfordConvention(E) The Pinckney (Transcontinental) Treaty

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76. WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesituationinKansasduringthe1850s?

(A) Asaresultofthepolicyofpopularsovereignty,Kansas became the site of much violence and bloodshed.

(B) Kansaswasclearlyonthesideofthepro-slavery forces.

(C) ThepeopleofKansaswereoverwhelminglyabolitionist, as evidenced by the Lecompton Constitution.

(D) KansaswaspermittedtoentertheUnionasa slave state in order to keep the balance of power even in the Senate.

(E) Kansas was one of the few states that refused to participate in the slave trade.

77. WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheDawesSever-altyActof1887?

(A) Inhonoringcommunallandholdings,itreflectedanappreciationofIndianculture.

(B) ItwasanattempttoassimilatetheIndiansintoAmericansocietythroughindividuallandgrants.

(C) ItoutlawedtheGhostDanceMovement.(D) ItcompensatedIndiansforthelandtheyhad

lostattheBattleofWoundedKnee.(E) Itdidawaywithindividuallandownershipby

Indianleaders.

78. AllofthefollowingcontributedtotheriseofbigbusinessEXCEPT

(A) horizontalandverticalintegration(B) formationofmonopolies(C) interlockingdirectorates(D) laissez-faireeconomicpolicy(E) the Northern Securitiesdecisionof1904

79. FranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealprogramscameun-der attack from both ends of the political spectrum. Twoofthemostvocalopponents,oneleft-wingandthe other conservative, were

(A) HueyLongandCharlesCoughlin(B) FrancesPerkinsandCharlesTownshend(C) WendellWilkieandHaroldIckes(D) ThomasDeweyandHueyLong(E) CharlesEvansHughesandAlfLandon

80. Thefederallymandateddesegregationofthecivilservicewasfirstimplementedinthe

(A) Peace Corps(B) armedforces(C) Department of Justice(D) NationalParkService(E) Supreme Court

End of SEction i

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Section I

UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN II

Total time—130 minutes

Part A

(Suggestedwritingtime—45minutes.Thisquestioncountsfor45percentofthetotalessaysectionscore.)

Directions:ThefollowingquestionrequiresyoutoconstructacoherentessaythatintegratesyourinterpretationofDocumentsA–Iandyourknowledgeoftheperiodreferredtointhequestion.Highscoreswillbeearnedonlybyessaysthatbothcitekeypiecesofevidencefromthedocumentsanddrawonoutsideknowledgeoftheperiod.

1. TowhatextentwasthebreakupoftheUnionin1861aresultoftheconflictoverslaveryandtowhatextentwasitduetootherfactors?Usingyourknowledgeoftheantebellumperiod,constructanessaythatexplainsthereasonsthenationwenttowarandwhatcir-cumstances led to this point of national crisis.

Usethedocumentsandyourknowledgeofthetimeperiod1844–1861toconstructyouranswer.

Document A

Source:“Annexation,”byJohnL.O’Sullivan,United States Magazine and Democratic Review,July1845

Why,wereotherreasoningwanting,infavorofnowelevatingthisquestionofthereceptionofTexasintotheUnion,outofthelowerregionofourpastpartydissension,uptoitsproperlevelofahighandbroadnationality,itsurely is to be found, found abundantly, in the manner in which other nations have undertaken to intrude them-selvesintoit,betweenusandtheproperpartiestothecase,inaspiritofhostileinterferenceagainstus,fortheavowedobjectofthwartingourpolicyandhamperingourpower,limitingourgreatnessandcheckingthefulfill-ment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearlymultiplyingmillions.

Document B

Source:PresidentJamesK.Polk’sWarMessagetoCongress,May11,1846

Aswarexists,andnotwithstandingalloureffortstoavoidit,existsbytheactofMexicoherself,wearecalleduponbyeveryconsiderationofdutyandpatriotismtovindicatewithdecisionthehonor,rightsanddignityofthiscountry.

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Section II

Document C

Source:RalphWaldoEmerson,1846

“TheUnitedStateswillconquerMexico,butitwillbeasthemanswallowsthearsenic.”

Document D

Source:RepresentativeDavidWilmot,fromtheCongressionalGlobe,29thCongress,2ndsession,Appendix, February8,1847

But,sir,theissuenowpresentedisnotwhetherslaveryshallexistunmolestedwhereitnowis,butwhetheritshallbecarriedtonewanddistantregions,nowfree,wherethefootprintofaslavecannotbefound.This,sir,istheis-sue.UponitItakemystand,andfromitIcannotbefrightenedordrivenbyidlechargesofabolitionism.

Iasknotthatslaverybeabolished,Idemandthatthisgovernmentpreservetheintegrityoffreeterritoryagainsttheaggressionsofslavery—againstitswrongfulusurpations.

Sir,IwasinfavoroftheannexationofTexas…Yes,sir,herewasanempirelargerthanFrancegivenuptoslavery.ShallfurtherconcessionsbemadebytheNorth?Shallwegiveupfreeterritory,theinheritanceoffreelabor? Must we yield this also?

…But,sir,wearetoldthatthejointbloodandtreasureofthewholecountrybeingexpendedinthisacquisition, therefore it should be divided, and slavery should be allowed to take its share. Sir, the South has her share already.

…Now,sir,wearetoldthatCaliforniaisours,thatNewMexicoisours—wonbythevalorofourarms.They are free. Shall they remain free? Shall these fair provinces be the inheritance and homes of the white labor of freemen or the black labor of slaves? This, sir, is the issue.

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Section II

Document E

Document F

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Section II

Document G

Source:RogerTaney, in the Supreme Court opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford,1857

TherightofpropertyinaslaveisdistinctlyandexpresslyaffirmedintheConstitution….NowordcanbefoundintheConstitutionwhichgivesCongressagreaterpowerovertheslavepropertyorwhichentitlespropertyofthatkind to less protection than property of any other description.

Document H

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Section II

Document I

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Section II

Section ISection II

UNITED STATES HISToRySECTIoN II

Parts B and C: Standard Essay Questions

(Suggestedwritingtime—70minutes.Thesequestionscountfor55percentofthetotalessaysectionscore.)

Part B

Directions:ChooseONEquestionfromthispart.Youareadvisedtospendfiveminutesplanningand30minuteswritingyourresponse.Citerelevantevidenceinsupportofyourgeneralizationsandpresentyourargumentsclearlyandlogically.

2. TowhatextentwastheAmericanRevolutionaradicalbreakwiththepastandtowhatextentwasitaconservative attempt to protect the status quo?

3. AnalyzethewaysinwhichTWOofthefollowingrepresentedashiftintheidealsofJeffersonianrepublicanismduringtheperiod1800–1824:

The Louisiana Purchase Marbury v. Madison TheWarof1812 The Monroe Doctrine

Part C

Directions:ChooseONEquestionfromthispart.Youareadvisedtospendfiveminutesplanningand30minuteswritingyourresponse.Citerelevantevidenceinsupportofyourgeneralizationsandpresentyourargumentsclearlyandlogically.

4. ExplainhowTWOofthefollowinginfluencedU.S.foreignpolicyduringthe1920s:

SocialandeconomicissueswithintheUnitedStates Wardebtsandreparations Politicalideology

5. DiscussthewaysinwhichTWOofthefollowingchangedboththesocialfabricandpoliticalstructureof

Americaduringthe1960s:

SocialandeconomicissueswithintheUnitedStates Thecivilrightsmovement TheVietnamWar TheWomen’sMovement

StoP

End of EXAm

382 382 | Cracking the AP U.S. History Exam

Section II