Post on 09-Feb-2017
Today we will
• Begin Ch. 6 notesObjective:
Identify the reasons Identify the reasons why the human why the human population is still population is still growing exponentially growing exponentially and explain why those and explain why those things contribute to this things contribute to this growthgrowth
The Human Population and Its Impact
Ch. 6, part 1
Jot down the number of people in the world now
Our Growth ContinuesOnly in the
last 200 years has it been going up so sharply
Napkin DemoFold your napkin in half 4 timesHow thick would it be if you folded it in half 29 more times?3400 miles – distance from Boston to Germany
Question 1Hypothesize as to WHY our population growth continues to be so high
Why?3 main reasons
We’ve gotten better at living in more placesMore efficient agriculture means we can feed more peopleBetter sanitation, medicines, and vaccines keeps disease under control
The results of all thisDeath rate drops significantlyBirthrate has actually slowed - but it is not enough to counter the low death rate
Some numbersThe global population is growing at ~ 1.13% per yearAlready over 68 million people added this yearEvery second 5 people are born, 2 people die - a net gain of 3 peopleThat’s over 200,000 people per day, 140 people/minute
Where are all these people?We are not evenly spread outOf the 82 million added in 2008
1.2 million added in the developed nations80.8 million added in the developing nations
Developed vs. Developing Nations
DevelopedUSCanadaJapanAustraliaItalyEnglandFrance
Highly industrializedHigh GDP - Gross Domestic Product
DevelopingMost of AfricaMost of AsiaMost of Latin AmericaChinaIndiaBrazilTurkeyThailandMexico
Highly agriculturalLow GDP
What is the What is the difference difference between these between these two groups?two groups?
What information do you see in this chart?
List at least 3 specifics
Beans Demo
Close your eyesFirst – Americans – beans represent how much money the average American will spend in their entire lifeSecond – average global citizenThird – Average citizen of Malawi
Developing nations
97% of the population growth from now to 2050 will occur in these countriesMore than 1/2 the people in the world live in extreme poverty (less than $2/day; 17% of those on less than $1/day)
So how big are we going to get?
?Projections are 8-11 billion by 2050
Vote!
Should the United States adopt a population control policy? Defend your position.
How many people can the Earth support?
Low estimates - 2 billionHigh estimates - 30 billionIs this even the right question to ask?
Another way of looking at itMany analysts think we should be asking:What is the optimum sustainable population based on a cultural carrying capacity?
The optimum level at which most people can live in comfort and freedom without sacrificing that for future generations
Some basicsBirth rate higher than death rate = population growthBirth rate lower than death rate = declineEqual births and deaths = stable population
3 rates control human population size
Birth rateDeath rateMigration rateWe calculate the population change by subtracting those who leave (death, emigrants) from those who arrive (births, immigrants)
RatesWe don’t use raw numbers usually, we use RATESBirth rate - the number of births per 1000 per yearDeath rate - the number of deaths per 1000 per year
Who has the most people?Number 1: China at 1.4 billionNumber 2: India at 1.2 billionNumber 3: USA at 325 millionNumber 4: Indonesia at 250 millionNumber 5: Brazil at 200 millionNumber 6: Pakistan at 189 million
Together they have 36% of the people
Women are having fewer babiesFertility rate - the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
2 types1. Replacement level fertility rate - the
number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
1. 2.1 in developed nations2. 2.5 in developing
WHY WHY 2.something? Why 2.something? Why not just 2?not just 2?
2 types2. Total fertility rate - the average number of
children born to women in a population during their reproductive years
This has been going downDeveloped nations
1950 - 2.52008 - 1.6
Developing nations1950 - 6.52008 - 2.8
10 Factors that affect the birth rate1. Children in the
work force1. Developing
nations tend to have more children in the work force
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate2. The cost of raising and
educating children- birth rate lower in developed countries where it is much more expensive to raise kids (they don’t work for the family usually)
- costs about $300,000 to raise a kid to 18 years old in USA
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate3. Private and public
pension systems (or lack thereof)
Pensions reduce the need for children to care for adults in their old age
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate4. Urbanization -
urban areas have more family planning clinics --> less kidsrural families need kids to help raise crops/livestock
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate5. Education for
womenfertility rate lower when women are educatedmarriage is delayed also
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate6. Infant Mortality Rate- the number of children per 1000 births who
die before age 1
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate7. Age at marriage
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate8. Ability to have abortions
each year ~ 190 million pregnancies~ 46 million abortions
(about half illegal) More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate9. Availability of birth
control methods
More or less kids?More or less kids?
10 Factors that affect the birth rate10. Religious beliefs,
traditions, culture More or less kids?More or less kids?
Is it rational for a poor couple in a developing country such as India to have 4 or 5 children?Explain your thinking.
It’s about the status of women in society
Lack of access to birth controlLack of access to safe abortionsLack of access to family planning clinicsYoung bridesLack of education for girlsHigh infant mortalityLow status of women in society
Jot down the number of people in the world now
How many people were added during our lesson?
The People Connection
Read the article and complete the worksheet as you doClass discussion to follow
The People Connection
Please have your green article and your white worksheet out on your desk
Citations from text to SUPPORT this statement
Statements Citations from text that REFUTE this
statement Population growth
continues to be so high because of high birth rates in countries all
over the world
As the years go on, the time it takes to double the size of the human
population gets shorter and shorter
There is plenty of land space to support every person on this planet
Because 98% of the population growth is
happening in developing nations, it does not
matter how many children an American family has
Directions
Please respond to the prompt with a statement like this:
“This idea is supported/refuted by this part of the text: ______________”Please also paraphrase what the last person said
Support/Refute this common statement
Population growth is still so high because people are having large families
Support/Refute this common statement
The time it takes to double the human population size is getting shorter and shorter
Support/Refute this common statement
There is plenty of land space for every person on this planet
Support/Refute this common statement
Because the vast majority of population growth is happening in developing nations, Americans don’t need to limit their family size
Why do we have environmental problems?
5 major reasons:Population growthWasteful and unsustainable resource usePovertyFailure to include the environmental cost of products in their pricesLack of knowledge about how the environment works
PovertyDefinition - when people are unable to meet their basic needs for food, water, shelter, health, and education
How poverty hurts the environment
Focus is daily survivalDesperate for resources, these people will degrade or deplete whatever is availableWorrying about the long term survival of an ecosystem is a luxury they cannot afford
Slum city in Mexico
Poverty hurts childrenOften trapped in an endless loop of povertyParents have many kids to help with
Gathering food, waterTending crops, livestockCaring for them in their old age
People in Poverty suffer the affects of pollution more acutely
Malnutrition - lack of protein and nutrients in diet
More likely to die from things like diarrhea and measlesOver 12,000 children under 5 die from diarrhea every day
Food for thoughtThis is equivalent to 60 fully loaded 200-passenger airliners crashing and killing everyone aboard, every day
"When one man dies it is a tragedy, but when a million people die it’s a statistic.”
Trayvon Martin Statistics?
People in poverty suffer the affects of pollution more acutelyNo sanitation systems for 38% of the world’s populationWater for drinking, bathing, cooking contaminated with human waste
Life-Straw - personal filtration system could save millions
Poor Man’s Gatorade Palm full of sugar and a pinch of salt
We CAN solve these problems - if we WANT to
Affluence hurts the environment, too
High levels of consumptionWasteful use of resourcesFueled by advertising making us think having more stuff will make us happyIt takes 27 trailers of resources per year for each American