Post on 26-Mar-2018
ANNEX1
Communication Adopted by the Colloquy
At the close of the final sitting, participants approved the following communication:
'The Parliamentary Colloquy on Energy and the Environment of the Council of Europe, meeting in Strasbourg on 24 and 25 November, 1977 with the purpose of contributing to the preparations of the forthcoming debate in the Parliamentary Assembly,
(1) Having reviewed the environmental implications of the use and development of various forms of energy in Europe from now to the year 2000 and beyond;
(2) Considering that these implications must be weighed against the expected costs and security of future energy supplies;
(3) Noting the risks presented by continuing dependence upon imported oil and the consequent need to develop and make the best possible use of all available and foreseeable supply options;
( 4) Noting that the area of choice between various supply options is greater than has generally been implied in forecasts made or sponsored by energy-producing interests;
(5) Concerned with the lack of progress made in developing policies for energy conservation;
( 6) Noting the expression of strong objections on environmental and other grounds to the expansion of nuclear power programmes and coal production on the scales envisaged in certain official projections;
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(7) Considering that, in the interests of having as diversified an energy supply system as possible, the nuclear options - fission, reprocessing, fast breeder and fusion- should be kept open, but that the pace of development should not be such as to foreclose other options, such as having recourse to renewable sources- sun, wind, wave, tide, plant and geothermal- and improving fossil fuel utilisation technologies;
RECOGNISES the urgency of taking decisions on these issues; PROPOSES, with a view to the forthcoming debate in the Parliamentary Assembly, the following questions for further study by the appropriate Committees of the Assembly:
(a) the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption, and the probable effects upon both of further substantial increases in the real price of oil;
(b) the implications in terms of investment, manpower and land-use of high energy growth;
(c) the balance of funding for nuclear and non-nuclear energy research and development, given the risks presented by continuing dependence upon imported oil and the need to develop and make the best possible use of all available options;
(d) the reasons for lack of progress in framing and implementing policies for energy conservation;
(e) the improvement of international control of environmental pollution and the harmonisation of standards and legislation;
(f) the possible effect on civil liberties and on quality of life of large-scale expansion or contraction of energy supplies;
(g) the practice of subsidising the export of nuclear reactors to developing countries and the potential contribution of decentralised energy sources towards meeting these countries' needs;
(h) the emergence of energy policy as an issue in the domestic politics of European countries and the need to improve public information and awareness as a basis for future policies;
(i) the need for research to provide the knowledge and information required for rational decisions in order to strike a balance between energy costs and environmental risk, taking into account the concerns of all interested parties;
(j) the feasibility of conducting, for Council of Europe countries, a comprehensive evaluation of alternative futures according to differing sets of assumptions about economic, social and technical developments and their effects on the energy system.'
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ANNEX2
Some Energy Perspectives for Europe 1985-2000*
Background Paper by Jean-Marie Martin, Director of the Institute for Energy Economics & Legal Studies, Grenoble
The purpose of this paper is simply to bring together some quantified projections of what energy demand and supply might be in the countries of Western Europe if various conditions come to be fulfilled during the last two decades of this century.
Before explaining the origin of these projections, the nature of the hypotheses on which they are based and the precautions with which they should be used, a word must be said on the significance which may be attached to long-range energy projections.
In the first place, long-range forecasting (covering a period of more than 10 years) has developed considerably since the mid-1950s at world level, in the United States, and in the European Economic Community. In this effort to predict the future energy situation, the main concern was to determine the part that emergent nuclear energy might play in satisfying future needs. After being under-estimated in the projections to 1975 worked out in the early 1950s, these needs were revised upwards in more recent projections to 1985-1990. Under the influence of high growth in energy consumption in the 1960s, some energy projections contained some fairly extraordinary figures. Since 1974, they have mostly been relatively cautious.
What purpose is served by projections of this kind to such distant horizons? The energy producers who are often their authors or sponsors tend to use them to prove to public opinion and public
*The text of this paper, with full references, is included with all other Colloquy papers in the Final Report of the Colloquy, Council of Europe document 4130.
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authorities that growth in energy needs is inexorable, that it directly affects living standards, and that no time should be wasted in taking investment and funding decisions. Such arguments are obviously partly true, for economic history clearly shows the relationship between energy consumption and the accumulation of fixed capital in industry, transport and housing. But one has no right to infer from this any absolute determinism, either on the demand or on the supply side.
On the demand side, one must not forget that the quantities measured and projected into the future relate to primary energy consumption, not to useful energy consumption which is closer to actual needs. Differences in yield between these two consumptions depend on sets of technologies which societies may choose to alter in order - for example - to husband natural resources and protect the environment. Also, for a given set of technologies, growth of useful energy consumption depends on the contents of economic growth - that is, the structure of industry and the international division of labour. The development of the steel and petrochemical industries in Europe, for instance, will have a major impact on energy consumption. It is still broadly a matter of political choice, as discussions on the 'New International Economic Order' indicate.
On the supply side, long-range energy projections have often tended to restrict considerably the margins of free choice. The contribution of each source to the energy balance-sheet has been depicted as a strictly deterministic response such that nuclear energy alone can replace oil, in the same way as oil has alone replaced coal. In such projections the contribution of the so-called declining energies-coal and hydro-power- is systematically played down, as are also the so-called new energies which are insufficiently backed by industrial interests- solar, geothermal, heat recovery etc.
In bringing together these several differing energy projections to 1985 and 2000 I should like to show that the dual determinism of energy demand and supply is not as strict as some would have us believe. On either side there is room for choice of a character both economic (energy conservation and production costs, nuclear, coal and oil costs etc.) and political (security of supplies, protection of the environment, regional planning etc.). The amount of room available for manoeuvre obviously varies according to the timeframe: it is much greater for the year 2000 than for 1985. It also varies according to the energy and economic situation of each
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country: whereas the United Kingdom can rely on oil reserves, France and Italy cannot, and the Federal Republic of Germany can, to a greater extent than other countries, resort to vigorous export policies to cover its energy imports. Lastly, it varies according to whether European countries are capable of adopting common policies in the fields of energy, industry and the environment.
These variables are not all taken into consideration in the global and very approximate projections below, in which generally only the following variables are considered:
-expected economic growth rates, -long-term oil price trends, -the extent to which public authorities intend to pursue
energy conservation policies.
In the OECD projections* with which we begin, the reference scenario was based on the following assumptions:
-an average annual economic growth rate of 4 per cent between 1972 and 1985,
-stabilisation of the price of imported crude oil at $11.51 per barrel (in 1975 dollars),
-rate of growth of energy consumption (3·6 per cent a year) slower than rate of economic growth, corresponding to energy/GDP elasticity of 0·84.
This reference scenario has a bearing on other scenarios. For the OECD area as a whole:
-economic growth rates higher than 4 per cent a year would lead to ± 500 Mt o.e. t,
-with an unchanged economic growth rate (4 per cent), a highly vigorous energy conservation policy would permit savings of 260 Mt o.e.,
-if a highly vigorous policy for the development of domestic energy resources were also pursued, oil imports could be reduced by 600 Mt o.e. in 1985.
*cf. OECD, World Energy Outlook, 1977. tMillions of tonnes of oil equivalent.
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All other tables have been taken from the scenarios of the Workshop on Alternative Energy Strategies (W AES), which has just published the results of two years' work.* I have selected only the projections concerning:
-Western Europe as a whole (in the OECD sense), -several individual countries, viz. the Federal Republic of
Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.
For each one I have chosen two scenarios for 1985 (C and D), extended by two others up to the year 2000 (C2 and D7). These scenarios are based on the following assumptions:
1977-1985 1985-2000
c D C2 D7
Growth rate 6% 3·5% 5% 3% Oil price ($/barrel) 11·5 11·5 17·25 11·5 National policy strong weak Addition to oil
reserves (MBD) 20 10 Ceiling chosen by
OPEC(MBD) 45 40 Predominant alternative
energy nuclear coal
Much could be said on the choice of variables as well as on the values which have been assigned to them, but this would be going too far. The scenarios are not forecasts; they cannot be ascribed probabilities of occurrence. Those I have chosen are not the most extreme. Such as they are, they do however provide some orders of magnitude which are useful in a discussion on the development of energy demand and supply up to the end of the century.
*W AES, Energy: Global Prospects 1985-2000, McGraw-Hill 1977.
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NB: All estimates below are in millions of tonnes of oil equivalent (Mt o.e.), that is, in 1013 kcalorie.
- OECD has direct recourse to this unit, using the conversion factors indicated on pages 114 and 115 of the publication cited in reference (see footnote, p. 113).
-theW AES has used various units (pages 10 and 11 of Global Prospects). I have converted them into Mt o.e. on the followingbasis:
1MBDOE ) 2·2 exajoule =50 Mt o.e. 2·1 x 1015 Btu
SCENARIOS
1. OECD reference scenario for Western Europe (in Mt o.e.)
1974 1980 1985
Coal 253·7 265·5 271·6 Oil 667·5 749·7 904·2 Natural gas 139·7 216·9 265·1 Primary electricity 98·5 167·7 259·4
(of which nuclear) (20·0) (79·3) (158·6) New energies 0·1 2·0 4·1
TOTAL 1159·5 1401·8 1704·4 (of which imported) 65% 50% 50%
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2. WAES scenarios for Western Europe in 1985
ScenarioC Scenario D
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. % Sector Mto.e. %
Transport 209 15 Transport 203 16 Industry 555 39 Industry 481 38 Domestic 662 46 Domestic 595 46
Final Final consumption 1426 100 consumption 1279 100
(of which (of which electricity) (36%) electricity) (32%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 163 energy sector 144
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 1589 energy 1423
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. % Sources Mto.e. %
Coal 228 14 Coal 212 15 Oil 750 47 Oil 685 48 Natural gas 251 16 Natural gas 242 17 Primary electricity 3 51 22 Primary electricity 276 19 (of which (of which
nuclear) (68%) nuclear) (64%) New energies 9 1 New energies 8 ' 1
TOTAL 1589 100 TOTAL 1423 100 (of which (of which
imported) (40%) imported) (39%)
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3. WAES scenarios for Western Europe in 2000
Scenario C2 Scenario 07
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. % Sector Mto.e. %
Transport 310 14 Transport 265 15 Industry 957 43 Industry 712 40 Domestic 944 43 Domestic 797 45
Final Final consumption 2211 100 consumption 1774 100
(of which (of which electricity) (43%) electricity) (37%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 243 energy sector 183
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 2454 energy 1957
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. % Sources Mto.e. %
Coal 284 12 Coal 300 15 Oil 987 40 Oil 808 41 Natural gas 269 11 Natural gas 284 15 Primary electricity 886 36 Primary electricity 537 28 (of which (of which
nuclear) (87%) nuclear) (76%) New energies 28 1 New energies 28 1
TOTAL 2454 100 TOTAL 1957 100 (of which (of which
imported) (46%) imported) (51%)
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4. WAES scenarios for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1985
Scenario C Scenario D
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 44 Transport 43 Industry 112 Industry 95 Domestic 152 Domestic 143
Final Final consumption 308 consumption 281
(of which (of which electricity) (34%) electricity) (31%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 36 energy sector 33
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 344 energy 314
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 70 Coal 66 Oil 154 Oil 145 Natural gas 57 Natural gas 57 Primary electricity 59 Primary electricity 43 (of which (of which
nuclear) (92%) nuclear) (89%) New energies 4 New energies 3
TOTAL 344 TOTAL 314 (of which (of which
imported) (52%) imported) (56%)
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5. W AES scenarios for the Federal Republic of Germany in 2000
ScenarioC2 Scenario D7
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 47 Transport 47 Industry 161 Industry 126 Domestic 206 Domestic 187
Final Final consumption 414 consumption 360
(of which (of which electricity) (44%) electricity) (39%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 57 energy sector 44
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 471 energy 404
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 71 Coal 91 Oil 138 Oil 136 Natural gas 51 Natural gas 76 Primary electricity 195 Primary electricity 94 (of which (of which
nuclear) (97%) nuclear) (94%) New energies 9 New energies 7
TOTAL 471 TOTAL 404 (of which (of which
imported) (37%) imported) (51%)
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6. W AES scenarios for France in 1985
Scenario C Scenario D
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 44 Transport 40 Industry 87 Industry 77 Domestic 88 Domestic 81
Final Final consumption 219 consumption 198
(of which (of which electricity) (33%) electricity) (33%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 21 energy sector 22
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 240 energy 220
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 30 Coal 27 Oil 96 Oil 88 Natural gas 37 Natural gas 34 Primary electricity 74 Primary electricity 68 (of which (of which
nuclear) (81%) nuclear) (81%) New energies 3 New energies 3
TOTAL 240 TOTAL 220 (of which (of which
imported) (60%) imported) (63%)
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7. W AES scenarios for France in 2000
Scenario C2 ScenarioD7
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 77 Transport 66 Industry 138 Industry 115 Domestic 139 Domestic 120
Final Final consumption 354 consumption 301
(of which (of which electricity) (43%) electricity) (33%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 36 energy sector 25
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 390 energy 326
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 20 Coal 46 Oil 130 Oil 110 Natural gas 70 Natural gas 57 Primary electricity 160 Primary electricity 103 (of which (of which
nuclear) (91%) nuclear) (85%) New energies 10 New energies 10
TOTAL 390 TOTAL 326 (of which (of which
imported) (52%) imported) (60%)
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8. W AES scenarios for Italy in 1985
Scenario C Scenario D
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 19 Transport 21 Industry 83 Industry 64 Domestic 44 Domestic 45
Final Final consumption 146 consumption 130
(of which (of which electricity) (33%) electricity) (29%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 57 energy sector 46
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 203 energy 176
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 12 Coal 11 Oil 132 Oil 116 Natural gas 32 Natural gas 23 Primary electricity 24 Primary electricity 24 (of which (of which
nuclear) (56%) nuclear) (56%) New energies 3 New energies 2
TOTAL 203 TOTAL 176 (of which (of which
imported) (85%) imported) (83%)
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9. W AES scenarios for Italy in 2000
Scenario C2 Scenario D7
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 32 Transport 21 Industry 122 Industry 87 Domestic 49 Domestic 48
Final Final consumption 203 consumption 156
(of which (of which electricity) (45%) electricity) (34%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 101 energy sector 58
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 304 energy 214
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 17 Coal 19 Oil 141 Oil 114 Natural gas 41 Natural gas 31 Primary electricity 99 Primary electricity 39 (of which (of which
nuclear) (89%) nuclear) (70%) New energies 6 New energies 11
TOTAL 304 TOTAL 214 (of which (of which
imported) (91%) imported) (84%)
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10. W AES scenarios for the United Kingdom in 1985
Scenario C Scenario D
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 38 Transport 36 Industry 81 Industry 78 Domestic 112 Domestic 103
Final Final consumption 231 consumption 217
(of which (of which electricity) (32%) electricity) (30%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 33 energy sector 26
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 264 energy 243
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 75 Coal 75 Oil 121 Oil 105 Natural gas 48 Natural gas 44 Primary electricity 20 Primary electricity 19 (of which (of which
nuclear) (90%) nuclear) (89%) New energies New energies
TOTAL 264 TOTAL 243 (of which (of which
imported) (-11%) imported) (-18%)
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11. W AES scenarios for the United Kingdom in 2000
Scenario C2 Scenario 07
DEMAND
Q Q
Sector Mto.e. Sector Mto.e.
Transport 50 Transport 42 Industry 110 Industry 93 Domestic 159 Domestic 127
Final Final consumption 319 consumption 262
(of which (of which electricity) (35%) electricity) (31%)
Losses and Losses and own use by own use by energy sector 40 energy sector 34
Consumption Consumption of primary of primary energy 359 energy 296
SUPPLY
Q Q
Sources Mto.e. Sources Mto.e.
Coal 82 Coal 84 Oil 172 Oil 142 Natural gas 37 Natural gas 35 Primary electricity 68 Primary electricity 35 (of which (of which
nuclear) (98%) nuclear) (97%) New energies New energies
TOTAL 359 TOTAL 296 (of which (of which
imported) (39%) imported) (29%)
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ANNEX3
List of Colloquy Participants
1 ABENS, Victor Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
2 ADKINS, Bruce Author of background paper Energy Consultant, Paris
3 AHRENS, Karl Member of Organising Committee Vice-Chairman, Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
4 AMMAN, Fernando Institute of Applied Physics, University of Pavia
5 ANTOINE, Gerald Rector; Charge de mission with the President of the National Assembly, Paris
6 ANTONI, Varese Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
7 BAILLY duBOIS Charge de mission at the General Energy Authority (Delegation Generale a l'Energie) and with theDelegue General for Scientific and Technical Research, Paris
8 BANKS, Robert Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
9 BARNABY, Frank Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
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10 BAUMBERGER, Heinz
11 BECKURTS, Professor Karl Heinz
12 BIENVENU, Claude
13 BJORCK, Anders
14 BLANK, Annette 15 BLENK, Wolfgang
16 BONNEL, Raoul
17 BRAAMS, R.
18 BRASSEUR,Guy
19 BRUNDTLAND, Mrs Gro Harlem
20 BUGGE, HansChristian
21 BURCKEL, Jean-Claude
22 BUVET, Rene
Motor-Columbus Engineering Enterprise, Baden, Switzerland Author of position paper President of the European Nuclear Society; Chairman of the Governing Board of the Jiilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany Deputy Director for Studies and Research, Electricite de France (EDF), Paris Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Journalist, AGENOR, Brussels Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Keynote speaker Minister for the Environment Norway Director General, Ministry for the Environment, Oslo Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Author of position paper Director, Biochemical Energetics Laboratory, University of Paris/Valde-Marne
23 van CAENEGHEM, Environment and Consumer Protec-Julien tion Service, Commission of the Euro
pean Communities
127
24 CHADWICK, Frank United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, London
25 CHARRAULT, Head of Division, Directorate-General Jean-Claude for Energy, Commission of the Euro
pean Communities 26 COGLE, John Editor, Electrical Review International,
London 27 CONNOLLY, Committee on Regional Planning and
Gerard Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
28 CZERNETZ, Karl President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
29 DEJARDIN, Claude Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
30 DENIELOU, G. President, University of Technology, Compiegne
31 VANDIS Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament
32 DUCRET, C.
33 ENDSJO, PerChristian
34 EPEMABRUGMAN, Mrs M.
35 ERLENDSSON, Finnur
36 FARR,John
Environment and Human Settlements Division, UN Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva Director General, Ministry of Industry, Oslo Member of the Second Chamber, Netherlands Parliament
Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Organising Committee Chairman of the Third Working Sitting Chairman, Sub-Committee for the Protection of the Natural Environment of the Committee on Regidnal Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
128
37 FLANAGAN, Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamen-Oliver J. tary Assembly of the Council of
Europe 38 FLOWERS, Walter Chairman, Sub-Committee on Fossil
The Hon. and Nuclear Energy Research and Development, House Committee on Science and Technology, Congress of the United States
39 FORNI, Raymond Member of the Organising Committee Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of
40 FORTIER, Claude
41 FOSSON, Pietro
42 FREIER, Shalheveth
43 GARRIBBA, Sergio*
44 GAUVENET, Andre
45 VanGELDER, C.W.
46 GENCO, Pietro
47 GRANGIER, Edouard
Europe Vice-Chairman, Science Council of Canada Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, Office of the President, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Deputy Director, Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Universita Bocconi, Milan Director, Delegue Central for Security, Atomic Energy Authority (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique), Paris Stichting CONCA WE (oil companies' international study group for conservation of clean air and water in Europe), The Hague Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Universita Bocconi, Milan Senator, French Senate
* In the absence of the author, Professor Sergio Vacca, Director of the Institute, the position paper on conventional non-nuclear energy sources and their environmental impacts was presented to the Colloquy at its second working sitting by Dr Garribba.
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48 GROSART, Allister Senator, Senate Select Committee on Science Policy, Ottawa
49 HANIN, Charles Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
50 HARDY, Peter Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
51 HAWKINS, Paul Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
52 HEGARTY, Patrick Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
53 HOLLANDER, Author of position paper Jack Chairman of the International Institute
for Energy and Human Ecology, Stockholm; Associate Director of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California; Executive Director, Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, United States National Academy of Sciences
54 HOLST, Erik Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe; and Committee on Energy and Research, European Parliament
55 HOOG, H. National Steering Group for Energy Research, The Hague
56 van Member of the Second Chamber, HOUWELINGEN, Netherlands Parliament J.
57 HUBERT, Emile H. Honorary Director General of EURATOM; Adviser, Union des Exploitations Electriques en Belgique, Brussels
58 HUBINEK, Mrs Committee on Regional Planning and Marga Local Authorities, Parliamentary As
sembly of the Council of Europe
130
59 JAHN, Hans Edgar Vice-Chairman, Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Protection, European Parliament
60 JAUSLIN, Werner
61 JENSEN, Svend Karlskov
62 JUNOD, Andre
63 KAHNACKERMANN, Georg*
64 KARAOSMANOGLU, Oral
65 KEATING,Justin
66 KELLY, Peter
67 KETCHAM, Robert c.
68 KRAAK,W.
69 KULAHLI, Cemal
70 vanLANSHOT,F.J.
Member of the Second Chamber, Swiss Parliament Chairman, Committee on Energy of the Danish Parliament (Folketing) World Meteorological Organization Assistant Director, Swiss Institute of Meteorology, Payerne Secretary General of the Council of Europe
Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the First Working Sitting Senator, Former Minister of Industry and Commerce, Ireland Director, Office of Long-Term Cooperation and Policy Analysis, International Energy Agency, OECD Counsel, Staff of the Sub-Committee on Fossil and Nuclear Energy Research and Development, House Committee on Science and Technology, Congress of the United States Coordinator of Scientific Relations, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, ECN, Petten Vice-Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Directorate General for Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Netherlands
* The Secretary General of the Council of Europe being unavoidably prevented from attending, his introductory statement was read to the Colloquy at the start of its third working sitting by Mr John Priestmann, Clerk of the Parliamentary Assembly.
131
71 LENZER, Christian
72 LIEN,Odd
73 LLOYD, Ian
74 LUNDBERG, Allan 75 MAINE, Frank
76 MARQUIS, Gi.inther
77 MARTIN, JeanMarie
78 MATOS,Nuno
79 McGUIRE, Michael
80 McNAMARA, Kevin
81 MOLLER, Gunther
82 MOLLER, Willi
Chairman of the Organising Committee Author of background paper General Rapporteur for the Colloquy Committee on Science and Technology of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agriculture, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, London Swedish State Power Board, Vallingby Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of State for Science and Technology, House of Commons, Ottawa The Rhine-Westfalian Electricity Works (Rheinish-Wesfalisches Elektricitatswerk AG), Essen Author of background paper Member of the Organising Committee Director, Institute for Energy Economics and Legal Studies, University of Grenoble Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Energy and Research, European Parliament
132
83 MUNCH, Erwin
84 ONILLON, Marc
85 PALMER, Arthur
86 PARK,W.D. 87 PATIERSON,
Walter
88 PERIDIER, Jean
89 PHIPPS, Colin
90 POQUET,Guy
91 PORTHEINEF.
92 PUISEUX, Louis
93 RADIUS, Rene
Member of the Organising Committee Leader of the Nuclear Energy Information Working Group of the Jtilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany Laboratory of Solid-State Chemistry, CNRS, Bordeaux University Chairman, Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, London Nature Conservancy Council, London Author of position paper 'Friends of the Earth' Energy Policy Unit, Earth Resources Research Ltd, London Legal Affairs Committee, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the Second Working Sitting Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Association Internationale 'Futuribles', Paris Member of the Organising Committee Chairman of the First Working Sitting Vice-Chairman, Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Charge de conference, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris Chairman of the Second Working Sitting Chairman, Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
133
94 vonRANDOW, Thomas
95 REIJ, W. C.
96 RENAUD, JeanClaude
97 RIPPON, Simon
98 RISSIK, S. A.
99 RIVIERE, Paul
100 ROM, Joseph
101 RONSE, Leon
102 ROSET A, Mrs Maria Helena
103 ROST, Peter
104 RUTTLEY,Eric
105 RYAN, William
106 SAGNE, Alain
Journalist, Die Zeit, Hamburg
Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection, Leidschendam, Netherlands First Counsellor, Directorate General for Energy Commission of the European Communities Journalist, European correspondent of the American Nuclear Society, London Director, The Dutch Gas Corporation (Nederlandse Gasunie N.Y.), Groningen Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Knesset, Jerusalem, Israel; Professor of Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology (Technion) Ambassador: Vice-Chairman of the Committee of Senior Officials responsible for preparing the European Ministerial Conference on the Environment; Head of the Environment Directorate, Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Member of Parliament, Lisbon
Member of the Select Committee on Science and Technology, House of Commons, London Secretary General, World Energy Conference Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Institute for a European Environment Policy, European Cultural Foundation, Bonn
134
107 SASSIN, Wolfgang
108 SCHAFFHAUSER, Jean-Luc
109 SCHEFFLER, Hermann
110 SCHLINGEMANN, Johan
111 SJONELL, Bengt
112 SKULBERG,Anton
113 STAQUET,Michel
114 STOFFELEN, Pieter
115 STOMP, Norbert
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria President de !'Association 'Leonard Balder', Strasbourg Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Chairman, Sub-Committee on Fisheries of the Committee on Agricul-ture, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Organising Committee Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Charge de mission, Electricite de France; Eastern Regional Group for Thermic Production (Groupe Regional de Production Thermique-Est), Strasbourg Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Member of the Luxembourg Science Research Council; President of the National Action Committee for a Moratorium
116 STROHL, Pierre Deputy Director (Safety and Regulation), Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD
117 SURREY, John Author of position paper Head of the Energy Programme, Science Policy Research Unit, Sussex Uni-versity
118 SUURLAND, J. A. Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection, Leidschendam, Netherlands
135
119 TANGHE,Francis
120 TOMNEY,Frank
121 TREU, Renata
122 OSTONEL, Besim
123 V ALLEIX, Jean
124 VERLEYSEN, William
125 VILLI, Claudio
Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Chairman of Opening and Closing Sittings Chairman, Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Rapporteur for the Third Working Sitting Committee on Economic Affairs and Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Senator, Vice-Chairman, Special Committee for Ecology Problems, Senate, Rome
126 VOHRER, Manfred Committee on Economic Affairs and
127 W AAG, Nils
128 WAGNER, Gerhardt
129 WALLENBERG, Bengt
130 van WATERSCHOOT, John
131 WEBER, Pierre
Development, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe President, Federal Radiation Protection Commission, Berne Head of Division, Directorate of the Environment, OECD Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
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132 van WERMESKERKEN,P.C.
133 WESTERMARK, Torbjom
134 WILHELM, Jean
135 deWIT,C.T.
136 WORONOFF, A.
137 WRIGHT,John
138 ZIMAN,John
Journalist, Algemeen Dagblad, Rotterdam Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Committee on Science and Technology, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands Secretary General, Association of the Coal Producers of the European Community (CEPCEO), Brussels Central Electricity Generating Board, London Chairman, United Kingdom Council for Science and Society, University of Bristol
SECRETARIAT
CHRISTENSEN, HansChristian HARTLAND, John
HEINRICH, Mario
COECKELENBERGH, Yves
Secretary, Committee on Science and Technology Deputy Secretary, Committee on Science and Technology Secretary, Committee on Parliamentary and Public Relations Secretary, European Joint Committee for Scientific Cooperation
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ANNEX4
Members of the Organising Committee
PARLIAMENTARIANS
Christian LENZER Chairman
Karl AHRENS
JohnFARR
Raymond FORNI
Frederik PORTHEINE
General Rapporteur of the Colloquy Rapporteur on Energy and the Environment of the Committee on Science and Technology of the Parliamentary Assembly Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities of the Parliamentary Assembly Chairman of the Sub-Committee for the Protection of the Natural Environment of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities of the Parliamentary Assembly, Chairman of the Third Working Sitting of the Colloquy Member of the Sub-Committee on the Law of the Environment of the Legal Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs and Development of the Parliamentary Assembly, Chairman of the First Working Sitting of the Colloquy
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Bengt SJQNELL Alternate Member of the Committee on Science and Technology and Member of the Committee on Regional Planning and Local Authorities of the Parliamentary Assembly
EXPERTS
DrBjornKJELLSTRQM Energy Consultant, AB FJARRV ARME, Trosa, Sweden
Dr Jean-Marie MARTIN Director of the Institute for Energy Economics and Legal Studies of the University of Grenoble
Dr Erwin MUNCH Leader of the Nuclear Energy Information Working Group of the Jiilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany
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ANNEX5
List of Colloquy Documents
POSITION PAPERS
Energy Needs, Resources and Conservation 1985-2000
Conventional Energy Resources and Their Environmental Impacts
New Alternative Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impacts
The Nuclear Option: The Case For
The Nuclear Option: The Case Against
John Surrey Head of the Energy Programme Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex
Sergio Vacca Director, Institute for the Economics of Energy Sources, Universita Bocconi, Milan
ReneBuvet Head of the Biochemical Energetics Laboratory, University of ParisNalde-Marne
Karl Heinz Beckurts President of the European Nuclear Society, Chairman of the Governing Board of the Jiilich Nuclear Research Centre, Federal Republic of Germany
Walter Patterson Energy Policy Unit, Earth Resources Research Ltd, Friends of the Earth, London
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Future Policies Jack Hollander Chairman, International Institute for Energy and Human Ecology (Stockholm), Associate Director of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, California, Study Director of the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems of the United States National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC
BACKGROUND PAPERS
A General Survey of the Issues
Public Attitudes Towards Nuclear Power
Christian Lenzer Member of the Bundestag, General Rapporteur and Chairman of the Organising Committee for the Colloquy
Bruce Adkins Energy Consultant, Paris
Some Energy Perspectives Jean-Marie Martin for Europe 1985-2000 Director, Institute for Energy Eco
nomics and Legal Studies, University of Grenoble
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